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Chemistry

Campbell Biology Chapter 3 outline

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Chemistry
Bases
Equilibrium chemistry
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Properties of water
Hydronium
PH
Hydrogen bond
Water
Hydrogen
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Chemistry
Bases
Equilibrium chemistry
Inorganic solvents
Acids
Oxides
Properties of water
Hydronium
water
PH
Hydrogen bond
Solution
#AP Bio #CampbellBiology #Chapter 3 #Outline

CHAPTER 3 ? WATER AND LIFE THE MOLECUES THAT SUPPORT ALL OF LIFE Water is the only natural substance to exist in all 3 states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas WATER molecule is a polar molecule It has a positive and a negative end It can make up to 4 Hydrogen bonds that break and reform instantaneously. 4 Emergent properties of water COHESION The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. Water sticks to itself Adhesion- water sticks to something else Surface Tension ? A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules MODERATION OF TEMPERATURE BY WATER HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Kinetic Energy ?

Campbell Biology Chapter 2 outline

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Physics
Nuclear physics
Baryons
Chemistry
Subatomic particles
Nuclear chemistry
Atomic nucleus
Electron
Neutron
Matter
Periodic table
Chemical element
Technology
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Physics
Chemical bond
Valence electron
electron
Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
ion
Chemical reaction
Atomic number
Proton
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#AP Bio #CampbellBiology #Chapter 2 #Outline

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Proton ? 1 positive charge (P+) Neutron ? no charge (N0) Electron ? 1 negative charge (E+) Nucleus An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons. Electrons move around the nucleus Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Elements Substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction 92 occur naturally 25 of which are essential for life Bulk elements Required by the body in large amounts C N H O (make up 96% of the body) Trace elements Required by the body in small amounts Ultra trace elements Required by the body in minute amounts Atoms Smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element Weight Add proton and neutrons together for weight of nucleus Every proton and neutron weights one Dalton

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Art History
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Ozone depletion
Environment
Oxygen
Earth
Chemistry
Atmosphere
Disinfectants
Environmental chemistry
Ozone
Ultraviolet
Stratosphere
Ozone layer
Health
Technology
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Physics
Chemistry
Nuclear physics
Chemical properties
Baryons
Charge carriers
Atomic number
Proton
Ozone depletion
Ozone
Chemical element
Atomic mass
Technology
Gone With the Wind

Michael Treacy 3/3/2010 Pd. 3 Ozone Hole @ TD 1. What is the Ozone and why do we need it in our atmosphere to have a healthier planet? The Ozone is the Gas O3. This gas is located in the Stratosphere and absorbs UV Rays. We need the ozone in our atmosphere because it absorbs 98% of the UV Rays. Without the ozone to filter all these UV Rays many animals would have medical / health problems. 2. Describe how the ozone protects us. The ozone protects us by filtering out and absorbing most of the UV Rays before they reach the earth. Most of the Rays are biologically harmful and know to damage tissues and cells. 3. How is a chlorine atom harmful to the ozone in the stratosphere?

AP Environmental Science Miller 17th Edition Ch.3 Cycles

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Biogeography
Geochemistry
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Water cycle
Environment
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Biogeography
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Carbon Cycle
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Nutrient cycle
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Miller
APES ch.3
cycles

APES CH.3 CYCLES Biogeochemical/nutrient cycles- the elements and compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms within ecosystems as well as in the biosphere. Driven directly/indirectly by solar energy and gravity are the hydrologic, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles.

Hess's Law

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Notes Enthalpy / Hess?s Law 2/13/13 CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) ? CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (g) ?H? rxn =? ?H? rxn = ??H? f products - ??H? f reactants Electron Affinity: Energy change associated with adding electrons to atoms (anions) Ionization Energy: Energy change associated with removing electrons from atoms (cations) Methods for calculating ?H rxn Hess?s Law: if a reaction can be written as the sum of two or more steps the overall enthalpy of reaction is equal to the sums of the enthalpies of reaction for each of the steps A + B ? G + H ? ?H rxn =? A + B ? C + D ? ?H rxn = x KJ C + D ? E + F ? ?H rxn = y KJ E + F ? G + H ? ?H rxn = z KJ +___________ A + B ? G + H ? ?H rxn = x + y + z KJ

Solutions

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Chemistry
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Molality
Dissolution
Technology

CHEMISTRY UNIT 8 SOLUTIONS 02-24-13 Solubility: A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures Solute: The substance dissolved into another substance Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving Example: In a solution of salt and water, the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent NaCl (aq) recall that aq is the abbreviation for aqueous which means water is the solvent The more solute you add to a solution the more concentrated The less solute you add to a solution the more dilute Types of Solutions Saturated Solution: Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature

Ch. 2: The Chemical Context of Life

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Biology
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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Camobell Bio 9th Edition

2.1 An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. A compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Essential elements are needed for a healthy life and to reproduce. Humans need 25, plants need 17 Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Nitrogen (N)?make up 96% of living matter Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements accounting for most of the remaining 4% of an organism's mass. Trace elements are required by an organism in only minute quantities. ? 2.2 Protons and neutrons are electrically charged. Proton= positive, electron=negative, neutron=neutral

cellular respiration

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Biochemistry
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Cellular respiration
Anaerobic digestion
Fermentation
Respiration
Oxygen
Glycolysis
Soil respiration
Technology

Name ________________________________________ Date ______________ Period ____________ Overview of Cellular Respiration and Fermentation KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. MAIN IDEA: Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. 1. What is function of cellular respiration? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Does glucose actually react with oxygen during cellular respiration? Explain __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

chemistry/intro to bio

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Chemistry
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Vaneza Paredes 1) Chemical Bonds Almost everything we do in life, even something as easy as breathing all comes from chemical bonds. There are strong bonds, as well as weak bonds. This all depends on the interactions of electrons. When a metal bonds with a nonmetal, an ionic bond was formed. This is very strong. A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms, is covalent bonding.

Chapter 3 Notes

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biochemistry

BIOL 1020 - CHAPTER 2 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life You must understand chemistry to understand life (and to pass this course)! Elements and Atoms Elements ? substances that cannot be further broken down into other substances (at least by ordinary chemical reactions) every element has a chemical symbol (H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, etc.); this is most familiar from the periodic table Essential elements: elements that an organism needs to live. They are similar along different organism but there is some variation Trace element: elements that are required by an organism in only minute quantities E.g.: Iron (Trace) Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Carbon(Essential elements)

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