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Chemical bond

Bonding Structure

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Ion

Chemical? ?Bonding? ?and? ?Structure 1.1? ?chemical? ?bonding:? ?the? ?attraction? ?between? ?particles Atoms Ions Molecules Smallest? ?unit? ?of? ?elements? ?that cannot? ?be? ?broken? ?down? ?into anything? ?simpler Atoms? ?that? ?are? ?covalently? ?bonded and? ?carry? ?an? ?overall? ?electrical charge Groups? ?of? ?atoms? ?that? ?are covalently? ?bonded Calcium? ?atom,? ?carbon? ?atom Calcium? ?ion,? ?oxide? ?ion Carbon? ?dioxide? ?molecule 1.2? ?Metallic? ?bond 1.2.1? ?Bonding? ?and? ?Structure - Metallic? ?bond? ?is? ?the? ??electrostatic? ?force? ?of? ?attraction?? ?between? ??positive? ?metal? ?ions?? ?and? ?the? ??sea? ?of delocalised? ?electrons - Giant? ?metallic? ?lattice? ?structure - Non-directional

Ap Bio chap2_3 ppt

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Valence

The Chemistry of Life Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of Biology Proton Neutron Electron Hydrogen 1 proton 1 electron Oxygen 8 protons 8 neutrons 8 electrons + 0 ? Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms The World of Elements C Different kinds of atoms = elements H O N P S Na K Mg Ca Life requires ~25 chemical elements About 25 elements are essential for life Four elements make up 96% of living matter: ? carbon (C) ? hydrogen (H) ? oxygen (O) ? nitrogen (N) Four elements make up most of remaining 4%: ? phosphorus (P) ? calcium (Ca) ? sulfur (S) ? potassium (K) Effect of electrons electrons determine chemical behavior of atom depends on number of electrons in atom?s outermost shell valence shell Bonding properties

Biochemistry powerpoint

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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Basic Terms Element = cannot be broken down to other substances Examples: Na, O, C, Cl Compound = combination of 2 or more different elements Examples: NaCl, CO2, CH4 Requirements for Life 92 natural elements? 25 are essential to life Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter Trace elements are needed, too, though Iodine?lack of = goiter!! Atomic Structure Atom = smallest possible amount of an electron that retains the element?s properties Subatomic particles: Protons = + charge Electrons = - charge Neutrons = neutral charge Atomic Structure Atomic Number: # of protons (also equals # of electrons?) Mass Number: # of protons + # of neutrons Examples Isotopes

Organic Chemistry Lecture 2

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Antibonding molecular orbital
Sigma bond
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Pi bond
Delta bond

Chapter 2 ? 2010, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules Chapter 2 * Wave Properties of Electrons Standing wave vibrates in fixed location. Wave function, ?, is a mathematical description of size, shape, and orientation. Amplitude may be positive or negative. Node: Amplitude is zero. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Wave Interactions Linear combination of atomic orbitals: between different atoms is bond formation. on the same atom is hybridization. Conservation of orbitals Waves that are in phase add together. Amplitude increases. Waves that are out of phase cancel out. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Sigma Bonding Electron density lies between the nuclei. A bond may be formed by s?s, p?p, s?p, or hybridized orbital overlaps.

Pearson Biology Guided Reading Answers Chapter 2

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Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life 8 Copyright ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. name ________________________ Period _________ # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 8 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Elements, atom, and compounds Answer the following questions as you read modules 2.1?2.4: 1. Match the following terms with their correct definitions: matter, trace element, emergent properties, element, and compound. a. A substance required by humans in small quantities: _____________

Pearson Guided Reading Activities KEY CH2

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Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life 8 Copyright ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. name ________________________ Period _________ # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 8 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Elements, atom, and compounds Answer the following questions as you read modules 2.1?2.4: 1. Match the following terms with their correct definitions: matter, trace element, emergent properties, element, and compound. a. A substance required by humans in small quantities: _____________

AP Bio Chapter 3 notes

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water
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Chapter 3 ? Water & Fitness of the Environment Effect of Water?s Polarity Polarity of water causes hydrogen bonding Water is made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen; held together by 1 covalent bond Oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive ?> polarity Polarity causes hydrogen to be attracted to other oxygen molecules, creating hydrogen bonds; each molecule can be connected to 4 other molecules 4 properties of water Water?s cohesion Stabilization of temperature Expansion upon freezing Versatility as a solvent Cohesion of water molecules Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules sticking together - hydrogen bonds are very weak; they form and reform with great frequency Cohesion: the process in which hydrogen bonds hold the substances together

chemistry/intro to bio

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Vaneza Paredes 1) Chemical Bonds Almost everything we do in life, even something as easy as breathing all comes from chemical bonds. There are strong bonds, as well as weak bonds. This all depends on the interactions of electrons. When a metal bonds with a nonmetal, an ionic bond was formed. This is very strong. A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms, is covalent bonding.

Chapter 4 Notes

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BIOL 1020 ? CHAPTER 4 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 4: Carbon and the molecular diversity of life Organic Compounds Organic compounds: any compound of carbon and another element or radical Inorganic: any compound that does not contain carbon. Carbon skeletons: the skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure Wide diversity in organic compounds Carbon has diverse bonding patterns. Carbon atomic structure How many valence electrons in a carbon atom? 4 How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom maximum form? 4 Bonding patterns Valence = 4 electrons Different molecular shape: chains, branches, ring, etc. Length difference. Hydrocarbons ? organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen e.g. propane

Biology Notes

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Biology Chapter 6 notes During cellular respirations: electrons are transferred to oxygen as carbon-hydrogen bonds of gloces are broken & hydrogen-oxygen bonds of water form Glucose loses hydrogen atoms as it is converted to carbon dioxide Oxygen gains hydrogen atoms in being converted to water Redox reaction: Electron transfer requires redox reactions for electrons to lose potential energy + release energy Oxidizing glucose: NAD+, dehygrenase Electron transport chain: electrons falling from glucose to oxygen, the transfer of electrons from an organic molecule to NADH Cellular respiration: Glycolysis (cytosol): break glucose into two molecules of pyruvate net product: NADH + ATP

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