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Biology Powerpoint Notes

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Genetics! Chapter 9 Objectives Define homozygous, heterozygous, allele, genotype, phenotype. Understand Mendel?s 3 laws Perform a Dihybrid cross. What we already know? Dominant/Recessive Alleles Genotypes Phenotypes Heterozygous/Homozygous Monohybrid Crosses (Punnett Squares with 1 trait!) Gregor Mendel ?Father of Genetics? Austrian Monk that studied pea plants Pure breeds Self Fertilization Cross Polination Discovered how traits were inherited in a population Mendel?s 3 Laws 1. Law of Segregation Each allele a person has separates into different gametes Ex. Ww ? one W goes in one sperm and the other w goes into another sperm w W w W Sperm Mendel?s 3 Laws 2. Law of Independent Assortment Gene pairs (homologous) will separate randomly into gametes Mendel?s 3 Laws

Transcription & Translation

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DNA Transcription and Translation Objectives Identify the structure of RNA List the 3 types of RNA Understand why transcription must occur Identify the different steps of transcription. What are we trying to do? Transcription- we are trying to make a ?messenger? to code for a protein. Translation- making the protein! Gene Segment of DNA that codes for a protein DNA codes for RNA and RNA makes protein (central dogma) One Gene ? One Enzyme The Beadle and Tatum experiment showed that one gene codes for one enzyme. One gene codes for one polypeptide. polypeptide - a chain of covalently bonded amino acids. (proteins are made of one or more polypeptide) Let?s make some observations about RNA?s structure RNA RNA stands for: Ribonucleic acid RNA is found:

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