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Human development

Chapter 5b

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 27 Sept. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 5B Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solution Properties of Solutions: Quantitative Composition The molar concentration or molarity (M) is defined as: units of M = mol/L (mol L-1) Example: How many grams of AgNO3 are needed to prepare 250 mL of a 0.0125 M AgNO3 solution? NOTE: You can also solve this for concentration OR liters of solution CH. 5 Properties of Solutions: Quantitative Composition Solutions of high concentration can be diluted to make solutions of lower concentration. Dilution: CH. 5 Example: How much 1.0 M CuSO4 (aq) solution is required to prepare 250 mL of a 0.10 M CuSO4 (aq) solution? How much water is required? Solution Stoichiometry CH. 5

Chapter 5a

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 20 Sept. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 5A Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the two or more components mix freely. The solvent is taken as the component present in the largest amount. A solute is any substance dissolved in the solvent. Definitions CH. 5.1 Example of a Solution Formation of a solution of iodine molecules in ethyl alcohol where ethyl alcohol is the solvent and iodine the solute: CH. 5.1 Crystal of I2 placed in ethanol: A solution of I2 in ethanol: Properties of Solutions: Qualitative Composition The relative amounts of solute and solvent are often given without specifying the actual quantities.

Chapter 4

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Chemistry 1210: General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 13 September 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop, Chapter 4 The Mole and Stoichiometry CHE 1210 Lecture Slides G.M. Florio 1 Conversion Factors Conversion Factor ? relates one quantity to another ? used to convert between two units in chemistry What is my height in centimeters (cm) if I am 5 feet 4 inches tall? 1. How many inches are in a foot? 2. How many inches are in a centimeter? 12 inches = 1 foot 1 inch = 2.54 cm Factor Label Method The factor-label method, or dimensional analysis lets us treat a numerical problem as one involving a conversion from one kind of units to another using conversion factors.

Chapter 3

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Chemistry 1210: General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 06 September 2012 Lecture Notes Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop, CH 3 Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table Structure of the Atom Atom consists of smaller (subatomic) particles: Protons (positively charged) Neutrons (no charge) Electrons (negatively charged) Found in the atomic nucleus e ?1 0 Electrons H+ 1 1 p 1 1 , Protons and n 0 1 Neutrons Matter is typically neutral ? equal number protons and electrons per atom Size: If diameter of nucleus = 1 foot, then diameter of atom ~ 1.9 miles! Ch. 3.1 2 Chapter 1.6 Identification of Atoms Each atom has two ID numbers: 1. Atomic Number (Z) Z = Number of protons Element ? a substance whose atoms contain the same number of protons ? a substance with a unique atomic number, Z Isotope

Chapter 1

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Chemistry 1210: General Chemistry Mon. & Thurs. 9:05 AM ? 10:30 AM Mon. & Thurs. 10:40 AM ? 12:10 AM Sullivan Hall Rm. B14 Dr. Gina M. Florio My Information Monday 3:00 ? 4:30 PM Thursday 3:00 ? 4:30 PM & by appointment Gina M. Florio Office: 358B St. Albert Hall Phone: 718-990-2638 Email: [email protected] Student Hours Fall 2011: Contact Information: Need help??? Ask questions in lecture, come to my office hours, or make an appointment to meet with me, ASAP! 358 B 358 C Layout: St. Albert Hall Room 358 Dr. Cesare?s Laboratory Dr. Jespersen?s Laboratory Dr. Chen?s Laboratory Dr. Chen?s Office Dr. Florio?s Office 358 A Enter here (SAH Room 358) from hallway 358 C-1 Dr. Megehee?s Office

Chapter 11

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Kinetic Theory Of Gases Postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases: A gas consists of a large number of tiny particles that are in constant, random motion The gas particles occupy a net volume so small in relation to the volume of their container that their contribution to the total volume can be ignored The collisions between particles and the walls of the container are perfectly elastic (no energy transfer) Kinetic Theory of Gases relates temperature to average kinetic energy Kinetic Theory of Gases (aka Kinetic Molecular Theory) can be used to explain the Gas Laws: Pressure-Volume Relationship (Boyle?s Law) P? 1/V or V ? 1/P (at constant n, T) Pressure-Temperature Relationship (Guy-Lussac?s Law) ?T, ?v ?v, ?P Volume-Temperature Relationship (Charles?s Law)

Chapter 12a

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Chemistry 1220: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 08 Dec. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 12.1-12.5 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 1 Phases of Matter Intermolecular Interactions (interactions between molecules) determine the physical properties/states of matter . Important differences between gases, solids, and liquids: Gases Expand to fill their container Liquids Retain volume, but not shape Solids Retain volume and shape Types of Intermolecular Interactions Dipole-Dipole (including Hydrogen Bonding) Ion-Dipole Dispersion (Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole) Ion-Induced Dipole Intermolecular Interactions (interactions between molecules):

Chapter 11

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 06 Dec. 2012 Brady, Jespersen, & Hyslop Chapter 11 Properties of Gases Properties of Gases Compressible Low Density Exert Pressure (temperature dependence) Expand Mixable Some common properties of gases: While bulk properties, these intimate a molecular level foundation. Properties of Gases Recall that our understanding of kinetic energy in molecular systems relies on a molecular-level picture of gases. Kinetic Theory of Gases (CH 7) Example: Pressure Units of Pressure Standard atmosphere (atm): the pressure needed to support a column of mercury 760 mm high measures at 0 ?C The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa): Pressure Measurements Open-ended Mercury Manometer:

Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia DSM-IV Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized Speech Catatonic behavior Negative symptoms Subtypes Paranoid Delusions and hallucinations Catatonic Disorganized Disorganized speech & disorganized behavior Flat or inappropriate affect Undifferentiated Residual ? no psychotic, but negative left Syndromes Positive Delusions & Hallucinations Type I syndrome (Crow) Acute course, good prognosis, response to neuroleptics Negative Avolition, anhedonia-asociality, flat affect Type II syndrome Chronic, irreversible, poor response, intellectual impairment Disorganized Inappropriate affect, thought disorder, bizarre behavior Course Premorbid Prodrome Post episode

Psychoactive Substance Use and Disorders

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Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders Definitions DSM diagnoses Abuse: continued use despite harmful consequences Dependence: specify whether physiological dependence present Problems with younger populations Problems detecting withdrawal symptoms Frequent polydrug use Developmental status decreases impairment Stages to drug dependence Experimentation Used occasionally Routine use Change their lives to involve using & getting Addiction or dependency Powerless to resist the substance Research on Adolescents Frequency and type of use Gateway drugs abstainers Risk factors Personality traits Family relationships Friends Transition-proneness Types of substances Depressants Alcohol: patterns, risk factors Opiates Stimulants Psychedelics Etiology Biological determinants

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