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U.S. History and Tariffs Tariff of 1816 ? designed to defend U.S. business from Britain ? created by nationalist Congress ? 20 to 25% tax on imports ? Calhoun supports Tariff to help Southern manufacturing ? Daniel Webster opposes tariff due to shipping priority over manufacturing Tariff of 1824 ? 35% tax on imports Tariff of 1828 ? The ?abominable? tariff angered South Carolinians ? majority southern ?nullies? tried to nullify it in South Carolina ? minority unionists blocked the ?nullies? Tariff of 1832 ? lessened some of the worst abominations of Tariff of 1828 ? reduced rate of 1828 tariff by 10% ? special state convention in South Carolina declares the tariff null in that state ? President Jackson opposes the ?nullies? and Calhoun.

First Two-Party System?Federalists v. Republicans, 1780s - 1801 Federalists Republicans Favored strong central government. "Loose" interpretation of the Constitution. Encouragement of commerce and manufacturing. Strongest in Northeast. Favored close ties with Britain. Emphasized order and stability. Emphasized states' rights. "Strict" interpretation of the Constitution. Preference for agriculture and rural life. Strength in South and West. Foreign policy sympathized with France. Stressed civil liberties and trust in the people [In practice, these generalizations were often blurred and sometimes contradicted.] Second Two-Party System?Democrats v. Whigs, 1836 - 1850 Democrats Whigs The party of tradition. Looked backward to the past.