| 6079537134 | Empiricism | States that the only source of knowledge comes through our senses | | 0 |
| 6079537135 | Structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind. | | 1 |
| 6079537136 | Functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. | | 2 |
| 6079537137 | Behaviorism | The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). | | 3 |
| 6079537138 | Humanistic Psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth | | 4 |
| 6079537139 | Cognitive Neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) | | 5 |
| 6079537140 | Biopsychosocial Approach | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis | | 6 |
| 6079537141 | Biological Psychology | a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. | | 7 |
| 6079537142 | Evolutionary Psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. | | 8 |
| 6079537143 | Psychodynamic Psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders. | | 9 |
| 6079537144 | Behavioral Psychology | Branch of psychology that focuses on the study and alteration of people's behaviors | | 10 |
| 6079537145 | Cognitive Psychology | the study of how people think, learn, and remember | | 11 |
| 6079537146 | Social-cultural Psychology | Look at how our thoughts and behaviors vary from people living in other cultures. They emphasize the influence culture has on how we think and act. | | 12 |
| 6079537147 | Developmental Psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | | 13 |
| 6079537148 | Educational Psychology | The study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching. | | 14 |
| 6079537149 | Basic Research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base | | 15 |
| 6079537150 | Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. | | 16 |
| 6079537151 | Applied Research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems | | 17 |
| 6079537152 | SQ3R | a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, rehearse, review. | | 18 |
| 6079537153 | Hindsight Bias | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it | | 19 |
| 6079537154 | Theory | An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. | | 20 |
| 6079537155 | Hypothesis | A testable prediction, often implied by a theory | | 21 |
| 6079537156 | Operational Definition | a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. | | 22 |
| 6079537157 | Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. | | 23 |
| 6079537158 | Case Study | An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. | | 24 |
| 6079537159 | Survey | A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group. | | 25 |
| 6079537160 | Random Sample | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion | | 26 |
| 6079537161 | Naturalistic Observation | Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation | | 27 |
| 6079537162 | Correlation Coefficient | A statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1) | | 28 |
| 6079537163 | Scatterplot | A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slop of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation). | | 29 |
| 6079537164 | Illusory Correlation | The perception of a relationship where none exists | | 30 |
| 6079537165 | Experiment | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process | | 31 |
| 6079537166 | Random Assigment | Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups | | 32 |
| 6079537167 | Double-blind Procedure | An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. | | 33 |
| 6079537168 | Placebo Effect | Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent. | | 34 |
| 6079537169 | Experimental Group | In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. | | 35 |
| 6079537170 | Control Group | In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. | | 36 |
| 6079537171 | Independent Variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. | | 37 |
| 6079537172 | Confounding Variable | a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment | | 38 |
| 6079537173 | Dependent Variable | The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. | | 39 |
| 6079537174 | Mode | The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution. | | 40 |
| 6079537175 | Mean | The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores. | | 41 |
| 6079537176 | Median | The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it. | | 42 |
| 6079537177 | Range | The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. | | 43 |
| 6079537178 | Standard Deviation | A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. | | 44 |
| 6079537179 | Normal Curve | the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. | | 45 |
| 6079537180 | Statistical Significance | A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance | | 46 |
| 6079537181 | Informed Consent | An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. | | 47 |
