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AP Psychology Cognition Thinking and Language Flashcards

AP Psychology Cognition Thinking and Language Vocabulary

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5865350766Cognitionall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.0
5865350767Concepta mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people1
5865350768Prototypea mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).2
5865350769AlgorithmA methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error prone use of heuristics.3
5865350770Heuristica simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms4
5865350771Insighta sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions5
5865350772Confirmation Biasa tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions.6
5865350773Fixationthe inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving7
5865350774Mental SetA tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, especially a way that has been successful in the past but may or may not be helpful in solving a new problem8
5865350775Functional Fixednessthe tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving9
5865350776Representativeness Heuristicjudging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information10
5865350777Availability Heuristicestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common11
5865350778Overconfidencethe tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments12
5865350779Framingthe way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments13
5865350781Belief Perseveranceclinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited14
5865350784Languageour spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning15
5865350785Phonemein a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit16
5865350786Morphemein a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)17
5865350787Grammarin a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others18
5865350788Semanticsthe set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning19
5865350789Syntaxthe rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language20
5865350793Telegraphic Speechearly speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words21
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AVHS AP Spanish Language and Culture Exam vocab. 3 Flashcards

A list of vocabulary which is often found or can be useful on the AP Spanish Language and Culture Exam

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6557676437firmarto sign0
6557676438el gráficochart1
6557676439hacer una propuestato make a proposal2
6557676440el hallazgofinding, discovery3
6557676441hay queone has to, you must4
6557676442hemos acordadowe have agreed5
6557676443la hipótesishypothesis6
6557676444ilustrarto illustrate7
6557676445incentivarto encourage8
6557676446incrementarto increase9
6557676447invertirto invest10
6557676448la actualidadthe present11
6557676449la ausenciaabsence12
6557676450la falta dethe lack of13
6557676451la inversióninvestment14
6557676452la medida presentada por la senadorathe bill presented by the senator15
6557676453la tablathe table (of data)16
6557676454la tasa dethe rate of17
6557676455llevar a caboto carry out18
6557676456lograr el éxitoto achieve success19
6557676457para asegurarse deto make sure of20
6557676458parecidosimilar, like21
6557676459perdurarto last22
6557676460permanecer estableto remain stable23
6557676461pertenecer ato pertain to24
6557676462prolongar hasta muy tardeto prolong until very late25
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AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

Language

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6609072345DialectA particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.0
6609072346Extinct LanguageAn extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.1
6609072347IdeogramA written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)2
6609072348IsoglossA geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.3
6609072349Isolated Languagea natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. i.e A language family with only one language.4
6609072350Language BranchA Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.5
6609072351LanguageThe method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.6
6609072352Language GroupA Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.7
6609072353Language FamilyA collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history8
6609072354Indo European language familyLargest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.9
6609072355Sino-Tibetan Language Family2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese10
6609072356Lingua FrancaA Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages11
6609072357Literary TraditionA Language that is written as well as spoken12
6609072358MonolingualThe condition of being able to speak only a single language13
6609072359BilingualThe ability to speak two languages14
6609072360MultilingualThe ability to speak multiple languages15
6609072361Official LanguageThe language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.16
6609072362Pidgin LanguageA Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.17
6609072363Standard LanguageThe form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.18
6609072364Trade LanguageA language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.19
6609072365VernacularUsing a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.20
6609072366Creolea mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage21
6609072367DenglishThe term is used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of macaronic (slang) English or pseudo-English vocabulary into German.22
6609072368Franglaisa form of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English.23
6609072369EbonicsAmerican black English regarded as a language in its own right rather than as a dialect of standard English24
6609072370Spanglisha hybrid language combining words and idioms from both Spanish and English, especially Spanish speech that uses many English words and expressions.25
6609072371Institutional LanguageProfessional language (not slang)26
6609072372Developing LanguageLanguage used daily for face-to-face communication, includes a standard written expression, but not used by people all the time27
6609072373Vigorous LanguageLanguage used daily by all ages but doesn't include a written expression28
6609072374SubdialectBroken down version of dialects, usually very close to each other but may differ in pronunciation of local words.29
6609072375Received Pronunciationthe standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England.30
6609072376Vulgar LatinInformal Latin spoken by common folk (farmers, soldiers, etc.) in classical times31
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AP language vocabulary 2 Flashcards

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7318505249Accost (v)To approach and speak to (someone) often in a challenging or aggressive way.0
7318505250avid (adj)Characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit. 2) desirous to the point of pursuit.1
7318505251Brackish (adj)Somewhat salty 2) not appealing to the taste2
7318505252celerity (n)swiftness, rapidity of motion or action3
7318505253devious (adj)Moving without a fixed course 2) out of the way 3) not straightforward4
7318505254Gambit (n)A chess opening in which a player risks one or more pawns or a minor piece to gain an advantage in position. 2) a remark intended to start a conversation or make a talking point.5
7318505255Halcyon (n)a legendary bird identified with the kingfisher6
7318505256Histrionic (adj)pertaining to actors and their techniques; theatrical, artificial; melodramatic7
7318505257Incendiary (adj)A person who commits arson 2) a substance or weapon (such as a bomb) used to start fires 3) a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition8
7318505258maelstrom (n.)a large, powerful, or violent whirlpool. 2) something resembling a maelstrom in turbulence9
7318505259Overt (adj)open, not hidden, expressed or revealed in a way that is easily recognized10
7318505260propriety (n)Obsolete, true nature 2) a special characteristic 3) the quality or state of being proper or suitable11
7318505261Sacrilege (n)A technical intrinsically outrages violation (improper reception of a sacrament) of what is sacred because consecrated to god. 2) gross irreverence toward a hallowed person, place or thing12
7318505262Suppliant (n)A person making a humble plea to someone in power of authority.13
7318505263Undulate (v)to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form 2) adj. ,especially of a leaf) having a way surface or edge.14
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AP Language Vocabulary #7 Flashcards

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5358389869jeerverb. to scoff rudely0
5358389870mischievousadj. playfully annoying1
5358389871creednoun. any system of religious belief2
5358389872cynicismnoun. distrustful view of human nature3
5358389873corruptadj. guilty of dishonest practices4
5358389874satirizeverb. to ridicule with satire5
5358389875expoundverb. to set forth or state in detail6
5358389876conventionsverb. a custom or general agreement of a method7
5358389877superfluitiesnoun. an excessive amount8
5358389878extravaganceadj. excessive expenditure of money9
5358389879elaborateadj. worked out with great care and nice detail10
5358389880reclusenoun. a person who lives apart from society11
5358389881stylitenoun. one of a class of solitary ascetics who lived on top of columns or high pillars12
5358389882beatniknoun. a person who rejects or avoids conventional behavior13
5358389883contingentadj. dependent for existence, occurrence, or character14
5358389884archivesnoun. a place where public records or other historical documents are kept15
5358389885esotericadj. understood by or meant for the only select few who have special knowledge or interest16
5358389886suaveadj. smoothly agreeable or polite17
5358389887discreetadj. careful in conduct or speech18
5358389888automatonnoun. a robot19
5358389889supranationaladj. beyond the authority of one one national government20
5358389890virtuosonoun. a person who has special knowledge or skill in a field21
5358389891magnanimousadj. generous in forgiving insult or injury22
5358389892acclamationnoun. a loud shout or other demonstration of welcome23
5358389893ominousadj. portending to evil or harm24
5358389894burgeonverb. to grow or develop quickly25
5358389895obeisancenoun. a movement of the body expressing respect26
5358389896implicitadj. implied rather than expressly stated27
5358389897tenacitynoun. persistance28
5358389898diametricallyadv. in direct opposition29
5358389899veracityadj. habitual observance of truth in statement30
5358389900opportuneadj. appropriate, favorable, or suitable31
5358389901furtiveadj. secret32
5358389902meleenoun. a confused hand to hand fight or struggle among several people33
5358389903aficionadonoun. a fan or enthusiast34
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AP Language 50 Vocab Flashcards

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4949318927acerbic(uh-SAIR-bick) (adjective) Def: the author sounds bitter, sarcastic, or is offering stinging criticism. Ex: How could you? You idiot, do I have to teach you how to walk?!?!?! Synonym and Antonym: Sharp, Kind Acerbic in Spanish is acerbo0
4949431932satiric(suh-TEER-rick) (adjective) Def: the author is ridiculing the subject in order to make a point, or teach the readers Ex: That's why you don't cross the street without an adult. Synonym and Antonym: Severe, Mild Satiric in Spanish is satírico1
4949499504whimsical(WIM-sick-kull) (adjective) Def: the author sounds playful, mischievous, or intentionally a little weird or fantastical Ex: Hey! Pull my finger. Synonym and Antonym: Funny, Boring Whimsical in Spanish is Caprichoso2
4949610076didactic(dye-DACK-tick) (adjective) Def: the author is attempting to educate or instruct the reader Ex: Listen to your mothers. Synonym and Antonym: Academic, (No Antonyms) Didactic in Spanish is didáctico3
4957811884erudite(AIR-roo-dite) (adjective) Def: the author sounds learned, polished, scholarly Ex: As I fixed my masters degree I began to work on my doctorates. Synonym and Antonym: Knowledge, Common Erudite in Spanish erudito4
4958319730forthright(FORTH-right) (adjective) Def: the author gets straight to the point with no hesitation. Ex: Yes... You got me I'm the one who killed your mother. Synonyms and Antonym: Blunt, Tactful Forthright in Spanish Directo5
4958391909jovial(JOE-vee-ull) (adjective) Def: the author sounds light-hearted or happy about his/her subject. Ex: I LOVE PUPPIES THEY ARE A GIFT FROM GOD. Synonym and Antonym: Lighthearted, Mean Jovial in Spanish is Jovial6
4958434366morose(muh-ROCE) (adjective) Def: the author sounds depressed, gloomy, and pessimistic Ex: Sadly I woke up forcing me to continue living. Synonym and Antonym: Harsh, Lively Morose in Spanish is malhumorado7
4960535026reverent(REV-ur-rint) (adjective) Def: the author sounds very respectful or worshipful towards his/her subject Ex: As I walked I bowed my head to give respect to them. Synonym and Antonym: Appreciative, Rude Reverent in Spanish is reverente8
4960574655guileless(GILE-liss) (adjective) Def: the author is trying to be honest or straightforward, though s/he may come off unsophisticated or naïve Ex: Look you're just not getting it, you moron. Synonym and Antonym: Open, Clever Guileless in Spanish is inocente9
4960614775effusive(ih-FEW-siv) (adjective) Def: the author is gushing with praise over the subject Ex: You are very beautiful, my god the heavens itself must have been painted by your sole image. Synonym and Antonym: Windy, Silent Effusive in Spanish is Efusivo10
4961079809accusatory(uh-KYU-suh-tore-ee) (adjective) Def: the author is charging (someone or some entity) with wrongdoing Ex: That is why it was you! You killed him you know you did it!!! Synonym and Antonym: Accusing, Pardon Accusatory in Spanish is acusatorio11
4961117241conventional(kuhn-VEN-shun-null) (adjective) Def: the author is noticeably unoriginal, lacking spontaneity and individuality Ex: I love bats with rats, they are just like cats with hats. Synonym and Antonym: Traditional, Rare Conventional in Spanish is Convencional12
4961179028lyrical(LEER-ick-cull) (adjective) Def: the author sounds as though he/she is expressing a poet's inner feelings; the writing is emotional, full of images, and song-like Ex: As I looked upon the sky so bright I wondered if I will ever feel right because everyone says they strive to be alive. Synonym and Antonym: melodic, Off-key Lyrical in Spanish is Lírico13
4961222667solemn(SAHL-lum) (adjective) Def: the author sounds deeply earnest, tending towards sad reflection Ex: I slowly gathered myself up after I received those terrible news I guess I past out. Synonym and Antonym: Sedate, Joyful Solemn in Spanish is solemne14
4961268481patronizing(PAY-trun-nyze-ing) (adjective) Def: the author is condescending towards the reader's knowledge or opinions Ex: Yeah that is right I got the noble prize for the award winning that saved millions of lives. Synonym and Antonym: Snobbish, Humble Patronizing in Spanish is protector15
4962623275intimate 5/23/17(IN-tim-mit) (adjective) Def: the author sounds very familiar with the reader, as if he or she knows the reader personally Ex: Look upon this stone with those hazel brown eyes. Synonym and Antonym: Cozy, Cool Intimate in Spanish is íntimo16
4970652252callous(KAL-us) (adjective) Def: the author sounds very unfeeling, as if disinterested in the feelings of others or the reader. Ex: You better enjoy this book if you did not, I hope you enjoy your trip to hell. Synonym and Antonym: Cold, Caring Callous in Spanish is calloso17
4971055295objective(ub-JECK-tiv) (adjective) Def: the author has an unbiased view, as if trying to leave personal opinions aside Ex: As you see with these facts they state that you are both are wrong. Synonym and Antonym: Impersonal, Biased Objective in Spanish is objetivo18
4972756795quizzical(KWIZ-ick-kull) (adjective) Def: the author is questioning an odd, amusing or otherwise strange subject Ex: Um, So this is paper? Hmmm I don't even remember the last time I touched paper. Synonym and Antonym: Odd, Certain Quizzical in Spanish is burlón19
4973438951reflective(ree-FLECK-tiv) (adjective) Def: the author is thoughtful, or in the process of reflecting while writing Ex: So after I brushed my teeth I realized I should never drink orange juice before or after. Synonym and Antonym: Reasoning, Ignorant Reflective in Spanish is reflexivo20
4973471967indignant(in-DIG-nint) (adjective) Def: the author is righteously angry at some perceived insult or injustice Ex: HOW COULD THEY PUT YOU IN THE CORNER JOHNNY!?!? IT WAS NICKS FAULT. Synonym and Antonym: Mad, Calm indignant in Spanish is indignado21
4975429805scolding(SKOHL-ding) (adjective, in this case) Def:the author is speaking to an audience that s/he thinks needs a reprimand Ex: You need to seriously stop this isn't as funny as you are making it seem. Synonym and Antonym: Reprimand, Praise Scolding in Spanish is regaño22
4975589275ribald(RYE-bald) (adjective) Def:the author is raunchy or obscene Ex: Those are some nice jugs you got there. Synonym and Antonym: Sly, Moral Ribald in Spanish is obsceno23
4980477452obsequious(ob-SEE-kwee-us) (adjective) Def: the author is kissing up to either subjects within the writing or to his/her readers Ex: The great Evian oh dear lord his ADT skills have come from Ares himself. Synonym and Antonym: Respectful, Confident obsequious in Spanish is servil24
4980528976subjective(sub-JECK-tiv) (adjective) Def: the author is emotional, basing his/her judgments on emotion rather than fact Ex: NO! I won't accept the fact the that my Timmy MY VERY OWN SON! Would start a fight. Synonym and Antonym: Abstract, Real Subjective in Spanish is subjuntivo25
4980580544abashed(uh-BASHED) (adjective) Def: the author is somehow ashamed, embarrassed, or apologizing to the readers Ex: Well I'm sorry this short story was too revealing I normally don't do stuff like that. Synonym and Antonym: Fazed, Clear Abashed in Spanish is avergonzado26
4981041001contemplative(kun-TEMP-pluh-tiv) (adjective) Def:the author has thoughtful consideration for his subject; synonym to reflective Ex: Well I'd like to thank you for reading this book to be honest it's probably not worth much. Synonym and Antonym: Thoughtful, Shallow Contemplative in Spanish is contemplativo27
4981116664derisive(de-RYE-siv) (adjective) Def: the author is ridiculing his/her subject Ex: OOH so you play Pokemon Go? Please tell me how you're more of an expert then me. Synonym and Antonym: Cheeky, Polite Derisive in Spanish is burlón28
4981152070matter-of-fact 10/21/16(Ma-TTE-R - uuh - fuh- Fah- Kuh - T) (adjective) Def: the author describes the subject plainly, with little to no embellishing Ex: Well it's round and um sort of there Synonym and Antonym: Hard boiled, Emotional matter-of-fact in Spanish is flemático29
4981212847vituperativev(vit-TOO-per-uh-tiv) (adjective) Def: the author is verbally abusive to his/her subject and/or the readers Ex: Well you moronic people are you ready for the greatest vacation that I went to? Synonym and Antonym: Rude, Loving Vituperative in Spanish is vituperante30
4981550666sardonic(sar-DON-ick) (adjective) Def: the author is sarcastic, mocking, and bitter Ex: I bet you totally enjoyed this book on great depression. I bet it made you feel all warm and fuzzy on the inside while you eat your food and drink your drinks. Synonym and Antonym: Acerbic, Calm Sardonic in Spanish is sardónico31
4981656135disingenuous(dis-in-JEN-yoo-us) (adjective) Def: the author is hiding his/her true purpose, perhaps hypocritically Ex: Well you see I did say I loved dogs but now I really don't it's honestly how I've always felt I swear it. Synonym and Antonym: Foxy, Fair disingenuous in Spanish is falso32
4981735296fanciful(FAN-siff-full) (adjective) Def: the author is playful or imaginative, not totally grounded in reality Ex: Well I love the bouncy unicorns that float around that you call clouds. Synonym and Antonym: Absurd, Normal Fanciful in Spanish is imaginario33
4983888434choleric(KOLL-er-ick) (adjective) Def:the author is irritated or angry about his subject Ex: Well as you see my colleague here is ignorant he does not understand anything. Synonym and Antonym: Peevish, Nice Choleric in Spanish is colérico34
4983931730allusive(uh-LOO-siv) (adjective) Def: the author refers indirectly to another work Ex: Well as they say, life is like a box of chocolates you never know what you're going to get. Synonym and Antonym: Indirect, Direct Allusive in Spanish is alusivo35
4984061411audacious(aw-DAY-shus) (adjective) Def: the author is bold, reckless, going farther than expected Ex: They said it couldn't be done but I did it I had jumped over the grand canyon. Synonym and Antonym: Risky, Shy audacious in Spanish is audaz36
4986628008bantering(BAN-ter-ing) (here: adjective) Def: the author is teasing or joking playfully Ex: As you probably figured out who the killer is, yes it was the little kid. I'm kidding lol Synonym and Antonym: Taunt, Praise bantering in Spanish is chachareo37
4986717713frank(FRAYNK) (adjective) Def: the author is honest, candid, volunteering information rather than making the reader wait Ex: In this biography I will admit I did steal my grandmas last piece of birthday cake. Synonym and Antonym : Blunt, Devious Frank in Spanish is franco38
4986767078incisive(in-SY-siv) (adjective) Def: the author's conclusions are piercing, cutting into the subject in a new, sharp way Ex: As stated before the clearest way you can see the moon is if you close one eye exactly at 2747 degree. Synonym and Antonym: Clever, Weak Incisive in Spanish is incisivo39
5008886000conciliatory(kun-SILL-ee-uh-tore-ee) (adjective) Def: the author is giving in, trying to appease his audience Ex: Alright you guys have pulled my leg I'll tell you how to pass the ACT with a perfect score. Synonym and Antonym: Civil, Fighting conciliatory in Spanish is conciliador40
5009117161colloquial(kuh-LOKE-kwee-ull) (adjective) Def: the author is talking to a specific audience, using particular language that they would understand Ex: To all the young kids out there shama llama ding dong on my broskis. Synonym and Antonym: Chatty, Formal colloquial in Spanish is coloquial41
5009212321paternalistic(puh-turn-null-LIST-tick) (adjective) Def: the author is speaking to his or her reader like a father to his children Ex: Now look here, I care about you and don't want you getting in trouble so please make sure you get home before 9. Synonym and Antonym: Condescending, Humble Paternalistic in Spanish is paternalista42
5009287458laudatory(LAW-duh-tory) (adjective) Def: the author's work contains or expresses praise Ex: Yes GURl WORK that dress you beautiful ray of sunshine. Synonym and Antonym: Approving, Critical Laudatory in Spanish is laudatorio43
5009325292clinical(KLIN-nick-kull) (adjective) Def: the author is dispassionately analytical, unemotionally critical of his subject Ex: Well here you have a person who just sits there... moving on. Synonym and Antonym: Cold, Feeling Clinical in Spanish is clínico44
5009353839authoritative(uh-THOR-it-tay-tiv) (adjective) Def the author commands respect, is or refers directly to an expert Ex: Well since I went to Harvard a very well known Ivy league school. Synonym and Antonym: Accurate, False Authoritative in Spanish is autoritario45
5009382958pretentious(pree-TEN-shus) (adjective) Def:the author believes himself to be more important than the reader, sounds snobbish or imposing Ex: I'm the very best like no one ever was, I caught them all. Synonym and Antonym: Arty, Modest pretentious in Spanish is pretencioso46
5009410677cautionary(KAW-shun-nair-ee) (adjective) Def: the author is warning the reader Ex: Don't walk alone at night down Jackson st Synonym and Antonym: Warning, Allowing Cautionary in Spanish is advertido47
5010223505hyperbolic(hy-per-BAHL-ick) (adjective) Def: the author is exaggerating, overstating his or her point Ex: My 10000000000001 year old grandma has finally rode her first unicorn. Synonym and Antonym: Impossible, Real Hyperbolic in Spanish is hiperbólico48
5010345051pedantic(ped-DAN-tick) (adjective) Def: the author is overly concerned with detail and showily demonstrating his or her knowledge of the subject Ex: The cube its magnificent, I know more of the cube then of my own hand. Synonym and Antonym: Erudite, Plain Pedantic in Spanish is pedante49
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AP Language and Composition Flashcards

Study Guide

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9653970214ArgumentA statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work0
9653970215Narrativenarrates a series of events1
9653970216examplea simple, representative incident or model that clarifies a point2
9653970217extended definitiona rich, full elaboration of the meaning of a term3
9653970218descriptionrecreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action4
9653970246Process of Analysisa method a writer uses to explain how something is done5
9653970219cause and effectexamination of the causes and/or effects of a situation or phenomenon6
9653970220compare and contrastfinding similarities and differences between 2 things7
9653970221classificationthe process of grouping things based on their similarities8
9653970222LogosAppeal to logic9
9653970223PathosAppeal to emotion10
9653970224KairosThe speaker appeals to the timeliness of the argument, using urgency to act now11
9653970225ethosreference to a person to build an authors credibility12
9653970247MetaphorMaking a comparison between two things (does not use like or as)13
9653970248SimileA comparison using "like" or "as"14
9653970249toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character15
9653970250dictionword choice16
9653970251inclusive/exclusive detailshidden details/comes right out and says the details17
9653970226repetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis in a literary work18
9653970227Parallel Structurethe repetition of phrases, clauses, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure19
9653970228AllusionA reference to another work of literature, person, or event20
9653970229IronyA contrast between expectation and reality21
9653970252Abstract vs. Concreteabstract is more22
9653970253shiftthe act of changing one thing or position for another23
9653970254AppealsEthos, logos, pathos24
9653970255SyntaxSentence structure25
9653970256ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)26
9653970257Sentence Lengthtelegraphic sentence, short, medium, long and involved27
9653970230slang (n)informal language28
9653970231Antithesisa person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else29
9653970232Modethe main30
9653970233periodic sentencesentence whose main clause is withheld until the end31
9653970234loose sentenceA complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows32
9653970235omissionsomeone or something that has been left out or excluded33
9653970236satire (n)language or writing that uses humor to mock social issues or human weakness34
9653970237sarcasm (n)sneering and often ironic language intended to hurt a person's feelings35
9653970258Connotation and Denotationdeeper meaning and dictionary definition36
9653970238PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes37
9653970259Pretentious Language38
9653970260juvenillian tonea humourous tone used in satire in more childlike manner39
9653970239WitIntellectually amusing language that surprises and delights40
9653970240Parodya humorous remake41
9653970241reversalsa form of parallel structure where words are repeated in reverse42
9653970242incongruitynonconformity, disagreement, incompatibility43
9653970243Horation Satiremildly corrective satire44
9653970244HyperboleExaggeration45
9653970245absurdity (n)the quality or state of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable.46
9653970261What is the 90/10 Rule?90 percent your own words and 10 percent evidence in rhetorical analysis47
9653970262What is the snippets rule?only use pieces of evidence or snippets of your prompt to support your argument48
9653970263What is the sentence stem for introduction to Rhetorical Analysis?49
9653970208PTEEEPpoint, term, evidence, explanation, effect (function), purpose connection50
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Unit 4 Definitions - AP Lang Flashcards

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5772691847autonomyn: The quality or state of being self-governing; independence0
5772691848circumspectadj: Cautious and prudent; heedful of consequences1
5772691849composuren: Calmness of mind or bearing: self-control2
5772691850edificen: 1. A large, imposing structure or building 2. A complex structure or system built up over time, as if it were a real building3
5772691851ensconcev: To settle or place securely or snugly4
5772691852environsn: The area adjoining or surrounding a place5
5772691853haplessadj: Marked by the absence of good luck; unfortunate6
5772691854heinousadj: Shockingly evil or wicked7
5772691855incognitoabj: With one's identity concealed; unrecognized8
5772691856indoctrinatev: 1. To teach or train in the fundamentals 2. To instill or teach from a partisan point of view9
5772691857interimn: An interval of time between events adj: Belonging to or taking place between events; temporary10
5772691858mausoleumn: A large and impressive tomb11
5772691859pillagev: To rob and plunder12
5772691860reverien: 1. The condition of being lost in thought 2. A daydream13
5772691861thralln: A loss of one's ability to act freely; a state over which one appears to have no control. Thralldom- Slavery or bondage14
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AP Language and Composition Flashcards

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7024693009Appealspersuasive pleas of shared values or credibility to reason or logic0
7024693241Argumentstatement put forth and supported by evidence1
7024693242Assertionemphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument2
7024693535Assumptionbelief or statement taken for granted without proof3
7024693536Dictionthe word or choices made by a writer4
7024694301Figurative languagelanguage employing one or more figures of speech5
7024694703Rhetoricthe are of presenting ideas in effective, and persuasive manner6
7024696600Rhetorical devicesliterary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression and persuasion7
7024697276Rhetorical modespatterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose8
7024697522Rhetorical patternsformat or structure followed by a writer such as comparison/contrast or process analysis9
7024697523structurethe arrangement or framework of a sentence, paragraph, or work10
7024697737Stylechoices a writer makes; combination of distinctive features of a literary work11
7024697738Syntaxthe manner in which words are arranged into sentences12
7024697944Themecentral idea of a work, central message of a work13
7024697945Thesisthe primary position taken by a writer or speaker14
7024698307Balanced sentencesentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast15
7024698308complex sentencea sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause16
7024698689compound sentencea sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions17
7024699604compound complex sentencea sentence with two or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses18
7024755103Cumulative sentencesentence which main independent clause is elaborated by successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases19
7024699605Declarative sentencea sentence that makes a statement or declaration20
7024700206exclamatory sentencea sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark21
7024700207Imperative sentencea sentence that gives a command22
7024700581Interrogative sentencea sentence that asks a question23
7024700929Inverted syntaxthe reversal of the normal or expected work order in a sentence24
7024700930Periodic sentencesentence that is not grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase; sentence that does give the reader the main point25
7024701410simple sentencea sentence consisting of one independent sentence clause and no dependent clause26
7024701414Absolutea word/statement free from limitations or qualifications27
7024702335Allegorya literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions28
7024702336Alliterationthe repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables29
7024702585Allusionan indirect reference, often to another text or and historic event30
7024702586Analogya comparison of two different things that are similar in some way31
7024702993Anecdotea brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event32
7024702994Antecedentthe noun to which a later pronoun refers33
7024703558Antithesisa statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced34
7024703559Aphorisma concise, statement that expresses succinctly a general truth or idea, often using rhyme or balance35
7024703865Appositiveword or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun36
7024703866Audienceone's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed37
7024704075Authoritya reliable, a respected source- someone with knowledge38
7024704076Biasprejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue39
7024704077Citeidentifying a part of piece of writing as being derived from a source40
7024704393Claimand assertion, usually supported by evidence41
7024704394Close readinga careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text42
7024705217Colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing43
7024705218Concessiona reluctant acknowledgment or yielding44
7024705490Concrete detailsdetails that relate to or describe actual, specific things or events45
7024728570Connotationthat which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning. The feeling of a word46
7024761303Counterargumenta challenge to a position; an opposing argument47
7024761901Deductionreasoning from general to specific48
7024764260Denotationthe literal meaning of a word; dictionary definition49
7024764979Didactivehaving the primary purpose of teaching or instruction50
7024768113Dissonanceharsh,inharmonious, or discordant sounds51
7024769253Double entendrefigure of speech in which a word or phrase can be understood in two ways52
7024770152Ernstitiouscharacterized by a deep fanatical love for reading, writing, and 49ers football53
7024771561Epigrapha saying or statement on the title page of a work, or used as a heading of a chapter or other section of a work54
7216600389factssupports or obscures truth55
7216602087Figurative languagefigures of speech going beyond literal meaning56
7216603310figure of speechexpression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning57
7216604876foreshadowingadvance sign or warning of what is to come in the future58
7216606475hyperboleexaggeration for the purpose of emphasis59
7216607792imageryvivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses60
7216609337idiomexpression that can not be understood from literal meaning of the words in the expression61
7216611136implicationa suggestion an author or speaker makes without stating it directly62
7216612728inductionreasoning from specific to general63
7216613503invectivean intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack64
7216615197ironycontradiction between what is said and what is meant65
7216616580Jargonspecialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or confession66
7216617820johnsonianmarked by extreme levels of genius, visionary, and original thought, creativity, power, elegance, and aesthetic perfection67
7216625142juxtapositionplacement of two things side by side for emphasis68
7216625966maxima concise statement, often offering advice; an adage69
7216628393metaphorfigure of speech making an implicit comparison70
7216630511motifstandard theme, element, or dramatic situation that recurs in various works71
7216631792oxymoronfigure of speech that combines two contradictory terms72
7216632966paradoxan apparently contradictory statement that actually combines some truth73
7216635203parallelismuse of corresponding grammatical or syntacial forms74
7216636115parodyhumorous imitation75
7216637742parenthetical commenta comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to quality or explain76
7216639458pedanticused to describe a writing style characterized by excessive display of learning or scholarship77
7216641628personaspeaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of piece of writing78
7216643511personificationassigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects79
7216644633propagandanegative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present info80
7216646198purposeoneś intentions81
7216646712refuteto discredit an argument , particularly a counterargument82
7216648307rhetorical questionquestion asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer83
7216650527satireuse of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions84
7216651913sourcea book, cite article person etc85
7216652828stream of consciousnesstechnique characterized by the continuous unedited flow of conscious experience through mind recorded on paper86
7216655202subtextcontent of a work which is not announced explicitly by the characters87
7216657570synthesizecombining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex88
7216658871truthsubject of much debate89
7216659916understatementthe deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it90
7216663943vernaculareveryday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage91
7216665537voicein grammar, term for the relationship between a verb and a noun92
7216666982c.¨circa¨ from a specified time93
7216667399e.g.¨and elsewhere¨ use when giving an example94
7216670345et al.¨and others¨ use when suggesting that there are other pertinent data95
7216672409ibid.¨in the same place¨ use when citing a preceding reference96
7216673562i.e.¨that is¨ use when restating something97
7216674262sicintentionally so written- used after a printed word or passage to indicate that is intended exactly as printed to indicate that it exactly reproduces an original98
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AP Language Rhetorical Terms List Flashcards

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8064320103Understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is0
8064320104Denotation vs ConnotationDenotation: literal/dictionary meaning Connotation: the meaning we associate with the word1
8064320105RhetoricThe art of using language effectively and persuasively; writing or speaking2
8064320106SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.3
8064320107Stylethe choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work; word choice, sentence structure, figurative language, and sentence arrangement4
8064320108Tone vs MoodTone: way the author expresses his attitude through his writing Mood: general feeling or atmosphere that a piece of writing creates within the reader5
8064320109Paradox vs OxymoronParadox: a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true Oxymoron: a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction6
8064320110Extended Metaphor and similesExtended Metaphor: when an author exploits a single metaphor or analogy at length through multiple linked tenors, vehicles, and grounds throughout a poem or story Simile: a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid7
8064320111BombastInflated, pretentious language8
8064320112Rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer9
8064320113Metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant10
8064320114Synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa11
8064320115Aphorism vs Adage vs Proverb vs Maxim vs MottoAphorism: a pithy observation that contains a general truth Adage: a proverb or short statement expressing a general truth; gained through lot of use (long term use) Proverb: a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of advice; metaphorical, short, widely know, common sense/cultural experience Maxim: a short, pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conduct; stresses being brief, clearly expressed Motto: a short sentence or phrase chosen as encapsulating the beliefs or ideals guiding an individual, family, or institution12
8064320116Tropesthe use of figurative language - via word, phrase, or even an image - for artistic effect such as using a figure of speech13
8064320117MalapropismA word humorously misused14
8064320118EuphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant15
8064320119Satire vs ParodySatire: the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues Parody: an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect16
8064320120Induction vs DeductionInduction: A process of reasoning (arguing) which infers a general conclusion based Deduction: a method of reasoning from the general to the specific17
8064320121Circumlocutionusing too many words; long-windedness18
8064320122Logical falacycommon errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument19
8064320123Rhetorical modesDescribes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing20
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