Period 2 c. 600 BCE- c. 600 CE AP World History Flashcards
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| 10722605204 | Classical Era | Historians have labeled the years c. 600 BCE to c. 600 CE the Classical Era. During this period classical empires such as the Greek and Roman civilizations in the Mediterranean region, the Han Dynasty in East Asia, and the Maurya and Gupta empires in South Asia rose in political, social, and economic power, and then fell. Other important classical civilizations of this era include the Persians in Central Asia and the Mayans in Mesoamerica. | 0 | |
| 7861309112 | Warring States | 402-201 BCE, between Zhou and Qin dynasties, lack of centralized government in China. |  | 1 |
| 10720293463 | Indian Ocean Trade Network | Sea based exchange routes that connected Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia. | 2 | |
| 10720256246 | Bantu Migration | Sub-Saharan migration in Africa in the Classical Era. Beginning in central Africa c. 1000 BCE to c. 500 CE, speaking peoples migrated south and east over many centuries, spreading a common language base and metal-working technology. | 3 | |
| 10691509486 | Aristocracy | the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices. | 4 | |
| 7861317736 | Olmecs | The oldest of the early advanced Mesoamerican civilizations |  | 5 |
| 7861319912 | Mayan Civilization | American civilization located in Central America that saw its height from 200-900 CE. |  | 6 |
| 7861323000 | Teotihuacan | The largest city of ancient Mesoamerica, flourished around 500 CE. |  | 7 |
| 7861333697 | Achaemenid Dynasty, Persia | The Persian Empire established by Cyrus the Great, 558-330 BCE |  | 8 |
| 7866014076 | Persepolis | The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. |  | 9 |
| 7861338092 | Persian Wars | A series of wars between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 5th century BCE. |  | 10 |
| 7861345174 | Persian Empire | Located in modern day Iran, they showed a lot of tolerance in how they dealt with conquered peoples. |  | 11 |
| 10691539037 | Satrap | A governor of a province under the ancient Persian monarchy | 12 | |
| 7861349056 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster, monotheistic and dualistic. |  | 13 |
| 7861358693 | Confucius | Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BCE), China's most influential scholar |  | 14 |
| 7861367325 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. |  | 15 |
| 10722583351 | Filial Piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 16 | |
| 7861374102 | Daoism | a Chinese philosophy concerned with obtaining long life and living in harmony with nature. |  | 17 |
| 7861378153 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism. |  | 18 |
| 10723860860 | Zhou Dynasty | (1050BCE-400BCE) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with king at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants. Mandate of Heaven. Daoism. Confucianism. | 19 | |
| 10723880191 | Mandate of Heaven | the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods (divine right). | 20 | |
| 7861380379 | Qin Dynasty | 3rd dynasty. Defeated all Warring States and united the country under one government. (221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief. |  | 21 |
| 7861385450 | Legalism | a Chinese philosophy that stressed the importance of laws |  | 22 |
| 7861388202 | Han Dynasty | 4th Chinese dynasty, 206 BCE - 220 CE, based on Confucian ideals. |  | 23 |
| 10722594819 | Meritocracy | a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement, i.e. merit. | 24 | |
| 10691469205 | Civil Service Examination | System of hiring based on abilities instead of family. Meritocracy, from Confucian ideals, stated with Han. | 25 | |
| 10691547410 | The Silk Road(s) | A must-know trade route, the Silk Roads connected East Asia to northern India and central Asia and, indirectly, to the Mediterranean region, West Africa, and northern Europe. Silk, tea, spices, horses, and technology were carried westward along camel and horse caravan routes. Chinese goods and technology made their way into southwest Asia, Africa, and Europe along these routes. | 26 | |
| 7861408543 | Mauryan Dynasty | Indian Dynasty 321-185 BCE, Achievements include a well-organized government. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya |  | 27 |
| 10691435717 | Askoka Maurya | Mauryan Ruler who spread Buddhism. | 28 | |
| 7861416290 | Gupta Dynasty | (320-550 C.E.)Ruling family in India during its golden age of art and literature. Responsible for many achievements. Made Hinduism the official religion |  | 29 |
| 7861428700 | Hinduism | Polythesitic religion of India develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, with earlier roots. Believed in the Caste system, Karma, Darma, Reincarnation. |  | 30 |
| 10691551938 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 31 | |
| 7861421591 | Buddhism | Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, in the 6th century CE , that emphasizes how to escape suffering by emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path. Started in India but spread to East Asia. Polytheistic, Reincarnation, Karma, Nirvana. |  | 32 |
| 7861427293 | Polis | Greek word for "city-state"; Form of government in which power is centralized into a local city-state. |  | 33 |
| 7861445082 | Sparta | city-state of ancient Greece, noted for its militarism, winner of the Peloponnesian War. |  | 34 |
| 7861450156 | Athens | A Greek city-state and the birthplace of democracy. |  | 35 |
| 7861452535 | Olympics | Greek athletic competitions to celebrate the Gods and feed city-state rivalries |  | 36 |
| 7861453107 | Socrates | Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth |  | 37 |
| 7861453108 | Plato | Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society, believed in a dualistic reality. |  | 38 |
| 7861455591 | Aristotle | A Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Argued for empiricism and knowledge through observation. |  | 39 |
| 7861459542 | Hellenistic Empire | Empire created By Alexander the Great which spread Greek culture and ideals across three continents. |  | 40 |
| 7861462268 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonian who conquered Greece and from Egypt to northwestern India. |  | 41 |
| 7861463781 | Roman Republic | the ancient Roman state from 509 BCE until Augustus assumed power in 27 BCE. |  | 42 |
| 10691494548 | Pax Romana | the peace that existed within the Roman Empire between the different conquered groups. | 43 | |
| 7866045215 | Patrician | A member of the upper class of ancient Roman society. |  | 44 |
| 7866049307 | Plebeian | a commoner in Rome: less wealthy landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchants (birth right). |  | 45 |
| 7866088631 | Julius Caesar | a Roman general and leader. Basically ended the ended the Roman Republic when he seized power and became dictator for life |  | 46 |
| 7861476816 | Roman Roads | Romans made over 50,000 miles of these and they helped with trade and expansion of empire. Designed by Roman engineers to allow faster transport and communication |  | 47 |
| 7866105834 | Constantine | Roman Emperor who because Christian and helped promote the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. | 48 | |
| 7862239115 | Fall of Roman Empire | Rome had been in decline for years. In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more. The eastern empire continued as the Byzantine Empire. . |  | 49 |
| 7865979128 | Germanic Invasions | This was a contributing factor to the fall of Rome. The Huns also lead to its downfall. |  | 50 |
| 7865986730 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half; lasted until around 1400. The capital was Constantinople (today Istanbul). |  | 51 |
| 7865993431 | Fall of Classical Empires | Beginning c. 200 CE, all three major classical empires declined and fell. First to go was the Han Dynasty in China (c. 220 CE), followed by the western Roman Empire (476 CE) and finally the Gupta Empire in India in the mid-sixth century CE. All three fell from internal pressures, such as peasant revolts, and external pressures, such as invading nomads and imported diseases. | 52 |
