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AP World History - Period 3 Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450

7747409587	Dhows	Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants	0
7747409588	Seljuk Turks	nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids	1
7747409589	Mongols	central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph	2
7747409590	Chinggis Khan	(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms	3
7747409591	Kublai Khan	Ruler of the Yuan Dynasty who unsuccessfully attempted to invade Japan twice	4
7747409592	Shrivijaya	trading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam	5
7747409593	Malacca	flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya	6
7747409594	Mali	A kingdom founded along the Niger River. It grew wealthy from its deposits of gold along with its taxation of trade through the region. Its most important city was Timbuktu	7
7747409595	Ibn Battuta	Muslim scholar from Morocco who traveled to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Middle East, India, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China.	8
7747409601	Mansa Musa	African King who made a pilgrimage to Mecca and caused inflation by passing out gold along his route. He built mosques and spread Islam from his kingcom	9
7747409596	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao	10
7747409597	Zimbawe	powerful East AFrican kingdom that grew wealthy from trade with Swahili city-states and Indian Ocean traders. It was known for its large stone wall used for defensive purposes.	11
7747409602	Swahili	A synchretic language that developed along Africa's East coast from a combination of Arabic and Bantu.	12
7747409603	Griot	African religious leaders that passed histories down through generations through oral story-telling and songs.	13
7747409598	Tatars	Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact	14
7747409599	Trung Sisters	leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society	15
7747409600	Golden Horde	one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th c	16
7747409604	Silk Road Trade system		17
7747409605	Sand roads		18
7747409606	Indian Ocean Maritime Trade		19
7747409607	Inca and Rome both had	extensive road systems	20
7747409608	Bantu Migrations		21
7747409609	terraced farming	A similarity in the Tong and Inca empires. Designed to solve the problem of growing food in mountainous regions.	22
7747409610	Marco Polo	traveler/merchant from Italy who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan and wrote an exaggerated account of his journey in his book "Travels."	23
7747409611	Chinampas	Raised fields constructed in lakes by Aztecs to increase agricultural yields.	24
7747409612	Quipus	Inca system of record keeping using knots in several strands of strings worn around the waist	25
7747409613	Chichen Itza	Large Mayan temple complex which included a ceremonial ball court.	26
7747409614	Pax Mongolica	Allowed for renewed opening of trade routes in Central Asia	27
7747409615	Dhow		28
7747409616	longship		29

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AP World History Midterm Review Flashcards

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8442364693	Where did the idea of the first city state come from?	Sumeria	0
8442364694	The Indus River is located in what modern-day country?	Pakistan	1
8442364695	What is the name of a Sumerian temple?	Ziggurat	2
8442364696	What was the first form of writing?	Cuneiform	3
8442364697	Which is true of hunting and gathering shortly after the development of agriculture?	People tended to somewhat rely on the old techniques	4
8442364698	Hierarchy and patriarchy were found in both agrarian and _____________ societies	Pastoralist	5
8442364699	The above structure, (picture of big, temple looking building), is most closely associated with...	Urban planning in Sumeria	6
8442364700	In the first civilizations, how were monumental construction projects most connected to the process of state/empire building and political consolidation?	Monumental buildings promoted the government by displaying its power and wealth	7
8442364701	What was the significance of Hammurabi's Code?	It was the first organized law code designed to create social order	8
8442364702	What major social changes occurred causing the major religions/philosophies to come about in roughly the same period?	The emergence of new states/empires	9
8442364703	In the above painting, Confucius is presenting a baby Buddha to the Daoist teacher Laozi. This picture is an example of:	Coexistences of various belief systems in China	10
8442364704	Moksha:_____________::_______________:Buddhism	Hinduism, Nirvana	11
8442364705	In what religions did the notion of a single supreme diety (monotheism) first develop?	Judaism and Zoroastrianism	12
8442364706	Passage given: "When a prince's personal conduct..." Question: Who among the following would object the strongest to the political ideology expressed above?	Legalist	13
8442364707	Buddhism spread primarily _____________ from India by _____________.	East, trade and missionaries	14
8442364708	What group of people developed Judaism?	Hebrews	15
8442364709	What is Siddartha Guatama known for?	Founding Buddhism	16
8442364710	Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were all attempts to ______________ in China.	Establish order	17
8442364711	Which economic development between 8000 BCE & 600 BCE resulted in the most profound transformation of social structures?	Large agriculture surplus because of metal tools	18
8442364712	Some people say that women were the first farmers. Which of the following is the best evidence?	Women know about seeds, plants, and growth processes	19
8442364713	What technological innovation contributed the most to the military in Egypt, Anatolia, & Mesopotamia?	Chariots and compound bows	20
8442364714	Passage Given: excerpt from Code of Hammurabi What does the law reinforce about Babylonian civilization?	Social hierarchies	21
8442364715	Passage Given: excerpt from Code of Hammurabi What can you infer from the passage?	Agriculture was a strong focus	22
8442364716	Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution included all but...	Disappearance of hunting and gathering	23
8442364717	Changes caused by the Neolithic Revolution led to...	Establishment of farming communities which led to the development of the first cities	24
8442364718	The Vedas are the writings of the ancient_______ in India	Brahman priests	25
8442364719	What happened to the borders during Ashoka's reign?	They expanded	26
8442364720	What dynasty's official ideology was Confucianism?	Han	27
8442364721	What does the image (yin yang) best represent?	The daost view of opposites leading to harmony	28
8442364722	_____________:Confucius::Daodesing:_______________	Analects, Laozi	29
8442364723	What was Confucius' idea of a "superior man"?	Any man with outstanding moral character	30
8442364724	How did the Buddhist challenge the Hindus?	The rejection of Brahmin religious authority/caste system	31
8442364725	What is the basic principle of Confucianism?	Superiors/leaders must live morally	32
8442364726	What is filial piety best defined as?	Respect for elders	33
8442364727	Early belief systems generally reinforced _________ while also offering new rules & status to some men and women.	Existing social structures	34
8442364728	When looking at effects of Neolithic Revolution on social structures, which source is the most useful?	Ancient law codes	35
8442364729	Map Given Question: What does the map show?	Agricultural regions of early civilizations	36
8442364730	What is an example of economic effect on human societies as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?	The specialization of labor	37
8442364731	What fundamental changes allowed hunters & gatherers to have more stable food supply?	Domestication of animals	38
8442364732	Distinguish the Neolithic Age from Paleolithic Age?	Advent of agriculture	39
8442364733	All of the following are causes of cultural diffusion except...	Culture	40
8442364734	Which of the early civilizations weren't located on Africa/Asia?	Chavin	41
8442364735	True concerning Christians and Buddhists in the early period of decelopment	Shift in some followers towards a monastic life	42
8442364736	Mycenean:___________::_____________:Ancient Rome	Ancient Greece,Etruscoun	43
8442364737	Ashoka & Constantine: What is the most striking difference between relation of each of their religions to the empires they governed?	Constantine's religion was the official religion of the empire, Ashoka's religion regressed minority after death	44
8442364738	In the Han Dynasty, which group rose to the top of the social structure?	Scholars	45
8442364739	Which religion practiced monasticism?	Christianity and Buddhism	46
8442364740	Before Alexander the Great, what was the greatest source of unity in Greek civilization?	Common cultural basis	47
8442364741	Which of the following took place at roughly the same time?	Fall of Han, rise of Gupta, Roman Empire	48
8442364742	Which was not a demographic/social change that occurred during the Bronze Age shortly after the Neolithic Revolution?	Increased equality among social classes	49
8442364743	What economic development between 9000 BCE-600 BCE resulted in the most profound transformation of Social Structures?	Large agricultural surpluses resulting from metal tools	50
8442364744	Daoism influenced Chinese culture in all of the following areas except ________.	Governmental adminstration	51
8442364745	Passage Given: "When a prince's personal conduct is correct his government is effective without issuing of orders..." Question:Ideas expressed in the quotation below became an essential feature of state building in which government?	Han	52
8442364746	What non-codified belief system created a common cultural link between rural peasants & educated urban elites during the Han dynasty?	Ancestor veneration	53
8442364747	The first converts to Christianity derived primarily from...	Lower classes	54
8442364748	The Hindu concept of Samsara is best described by which statement?	A belief that one's soul is reborn many times until its pure enough to escape the cycle of rebirth	55
8442364749	Drawing Given: painting of man looking out at mountains Question: The work of art above reflects values of what Asian belief system?	Daoism	56
8442364750	All of the following were city states n Mesopotamia except...	Mohenjo-daro	57
8442364751	Graph Given: about world population growing over the years Question: The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by...	The widespread diffusion of agricultural practices	58
8442364752	Map Given: map of Africa Question:Which of the following statements about early human migration patterns is supported by the map above?	Earliest archalogical evidence for modern humans in Africa	59
8442364753	What aided the rise of Hittites to become an early empire?	Inventor and use of iron	60
8442364754	What best explains how the division of labor in human societies changed during the Neolithic Revolution?	Men tended to hunt while women were responsible for gathering edible plants. With the advent of agriculture, men became responsible for harvesting crops/women focused on child-bearing	61
8442364755	What is a major difference between the early Hebrew and Vedic religions?	Hebrew was monotheistic, while Vedic was polytheistic	62
8442364756	Moving up the social class structure increases things such as...	Influence	63
8442364757	Compared to early Hebrew law, Babylonian law...	Provided more leniency	64
8442364758	What explanation of Christianity's spread during Roman Empire is most compatible to which phenomenon during the same time period?	Spread of Buddhism in China during the Han Dynasty's decline	65
8442364759	All of the following groups conquered & dispersed various Jewish states during 600 BCE-600 CE except the...	Mauryans	66
8442364760	Which of the following is most associated with Southeast Asian trade?	Srivijaya	67
8442364761	Each of these are technological advancements of the Chinese during the Song Dynasty except...	The camel saddle	68
8442364762	What was the name of the city that linked spice islands into the Indian Ocean?	Malacca	69
8442364763	This is one change to the Social Class Structure in Europe that did not cause a peasant uprising...	Conscription acts forced on unsupportive peasants	70
8442364764	Most European peasant revolts led to what?	Military victories for the nobility, but legal changes caused change to help peasants	71
8442364765	In order to supply food, in Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs did what?	Built floating agricultural islands on the lake (chinampas)	72
8442364766	How were the classicial civilizations in South Asia & China different from the Mediterranean?	Asian civilizations formed a cultural-social synthesis that endured beyond the political dynasties of their classical age	73
8442364767	Salt was dominate in what trade network?	Trans-Saharan	74
8442364768	Which of these is true of the Silk Road between 600 BCE-600 CE?	The volume of trade increased & decreased based on the stability & vitality of the major classical empires	75
8442364769	China used silk to acquire ___________. In order to defend itself against northern invaders.	Horses	76
8442364770	Camels were used in Trans-Saharan, but also in...	Central Asia	77
8442364771	What was the duty of an emperor according to Confucian philosophy?	To act virtuously in order to act as an example for his subjects	78
8442364772	Which of the following is NOT associated with the collapse of all imperial governments between 200 CE-600 CE?	Weakening and disintegration of major belief systems	79
8442364773	A primary cause to the collapse of the Gupta Empire can be credited to...	Weakness of a decentralized state facing external threats	80
8442364774	Which development most significantly increased the volume of Mediterranean trade?	Carthage and its territories falling into Roman lands	81
8442364775	Two religions that diffused the greatest by Afro-Eurasian trade networks were...	Christianity and Buddhism	82
8442364776	Monsoons are seasonal winds that come in 6-month intervals , these primarily affect trade where?	In the Indian Ocean trade network	83
8442364777	The sail on the Daow, which was first used in the Mediterranean then in the Indian Ocean, is called a...	Lateen	84
8442364778	Rock and pillar edicts aided in the spread of which of the following?	Buddhism	85
8442364779	What major social changes occurred causing major religions/philosophies to come about in roughly the same time period?	All of the above: iron technology led to higher productivity/deadlier war, increased commerce led to cultural diffusion, emergence of new empires	86
8442364780	Which of the following best describes classical India between the Mauryan & Gupta empires?	Regionalism	87
8442364781	Which of the following was not an example of environmental damage done by wealthy landowners due to excessive mobilization of resources?	Water pollution	88
8442364782	Map Given: map of Europe and Asia Question: The map above portrays the example of...	Alexander the Great	89
8442364783	China during the Han Dynasty and India during the Gupta Empire were in their "golden ages" because of...	Economic prosperity, improved science/technology, increased development of artistic forms	90
8442364784	Quote Given: Edicts Question: Emperor Ashoka's main purpose behind the above edicts was to...	Demonstrate a concern that justice should be fair	91
8442364785	One of the factors that contributed in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire was...	The decline of Rome's population due to the spread of disease	92
8442364786	Before 600 CE, the Han, Persian, and Roman Empires extended military power by...	Developing supply lines, infrastructure, defensive walls/roads	93
8442364787	Which civilization spread through systematic commercial colonization?	The Greeks	94
8442364788	What 2 cities are most alike in terms of bureaucratic adminstration?	Rome and Han	95
8442364789	What was the primary source of soldiers in the Rome Army?	Conquered people	96
8442364790	Which network of trade was influenced by climate/weather?	The Indian Ocean trade network	97
8442364791	Map Given: Map of Europe Question: Between 1176 CE & 1050 CE all factors caused the spread of Christianity, however the map empathizes...	Efforts of monks and missionaries	98
8442364792	All of the following spread as a result to Bantu migration except...	Improved navigation technology	99
8442364793	Map Given: Map of India Question: The collapse of the Gupta Empire was largely due to the...	Attack of the White Huns	100
8442364794	Early belief systems generally reinforced ___________ while also offering new roles & status to some men & women.	Existing social structures	101
8442364795	Who was the group credited with disrupting the Romans, Guptas, & Han was the...	Huns	102
8442364796	What was the non-codified belief system that created a common cultural link between rural peasants & educated urban cities during China's Han Dynasty?	Ancestor veneration	103
8442364797	The mandatory public service required in the Ince Empire was called...	Mita	104
8442364798	All of the following areas utilized free peasant agriculture except...	West Africa	105
8442364799	The result of an increased demand for luxury items in Europe was...	It created more industrial outputs in China, India, and Persia	106
8442364800	The dominant form of labor organization shown in this example of Medieval Manor was...	Free peasant agriculture	107
8442364801	Under the Sui, Tang Dynasties in China...	Gave state support	108
8442364802	Knight:Western Europe::______:_______	Samurai, Japan	109
8442364803	The dominant economic system during the European Middle Ages was called...	Feudalism	110
8442364804	_________ was the capital of Song Dynasty China, as well as serving as one of the two terminuses for the Grand Canal	Hangzou	111
8442364805	What is false concerning Afro-Eurasian trade?	Trade almost always occurred over land	112
8442364806	Mongols:___________::____________: Caliphates	Khanates, Islamic Empires	113
8442364807	All but _______ is one of the five pillars of Islam	Memorization of the Quran	114
8442364808	What was the primary reason for the splitting of the Sunni and Shia Muslims?	Disagreement concerning who should succeed Muhammed	115
8442364809	The Asian Steppes are located where?	In Central Asia	116
8442364810	Who was the first Christian emperor of Rome?	Constantine	117
8442364811	What are chinampas?	Floating plant beds invented by Aztecs	118
8442364812	New governments such as ________ was found in Western Europe/Japan were decentralized	Feudalism	119
8442364813	Who was most responsible for spreading Black Death in 13-14th centuries?	The Mongols	120
8442364814	Picture Given" Muslim Event Question: This picture represents the central event of a...	Muslim Hajj	121
8442364815	What did the camel saddle, daow ship, the stirrup & the lateen sail have in common?	All of them were devised to overcome environmental barriers to trade	122
8442364816	Internal trade in the Sui Dynasty was greatly stimulated by the...	Construction of the Grand Canal	123
8442364817	The spread of knowledge of Chinese farming techniques is an example of how...	Improvements in the printing process led to the spread of knowledge and new technologies	124
8442364818	Factors that led to an increase in agriculture along with new farming techniques were...	Diffusion of fast-ripening rice from Vietnam	125
8442364819	Han, Persian, and Gupta Empires shared what characteristic?	Sophisticated bureaucracies that aided political administartion	126
8442364820	Quote Given: "Slaves were vital to central economy..." Question: The above description of slaves in the classical period describes what?	Roman slaves	127
8442364821	Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were all attempts to...	Establish order	128
8442364822	Which religion practiced monsaticism?	Christianity and Buddhism	129
8442364823	Over the course of the Han Dynasty, which group rose to the top of social/political hierarchy?	Scholars	130
8442364824	Changes in the Neolithic Revolution led to...	The establishment of farming communities which led to the first cities	131
8442364825	Rebellion by northern tribes dissatisfied Mongol rule, followed by famine in the South, prompted ___________ to launch rebellion for the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in 1368	The Red Turban Society	132
8442364826	Neo-Confucianism became an international movement and spread to where?	Japan, Korea, Vietnam	133
8442364827	Given Quote: peasant revolt in England 1381 Question: What role did religions play in the Peasant Revolt discussed in the passage above?	Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance	134
8442364828	After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, The Catholic Church...	Increased its power and role	135
8442364829	Quanat system was developed as a result of...	The spread of certain crops from South Asia to the Middle East that required greater amounts of water than many native plant types	136
8442364830	Roman architecture was heavily influenced by and had similarities to...	Greek architecture	137
8442364831	Both Roman & Gupta experience difficulty in...	Maintaining political control over vast areas	138
8442364832	All of the following were contributing factors to the fall of the Han & Roman Empires except...	The decrease in the democratic process	139
8442364833	Map Given: Asia Question: The map above shows areas controlled by the...	Han Dynasty	140
8442364834	In spite of customs and traditions honoring motherhood, most imperial societies of the classical period were...	Patriarchies	141
8442364835	Which of the following events led directly to the spread of Buddhist missionaries to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South India, and the Mediterranean?	The conversion of Ashoka	142
8442364836	Map Given: Asia Question: What is the primary belief system spread on trade routes in this time period?	Buddhism	143
8442364837	Map Given: Asia Question: The routes pictured above were the direct cause of which exchanges?	Cotton cultivation from South Asia to Persia	144
8442364838	What social problems experienced both by Rome & Han in its final decades?	Farmers protested their loss of land to the aristocracy	145
8442364839	Picture Given: Alex's Routes Question: Which of the following was NOT a long term effect of the camp. of Alex of Macedonia pictured above?	Hellenistic culture became a permanent feature of Persia and Central Asia	146
8442364840	Which developments most LIMITED the spread of Christianity outside Europe?	The development/spread of Islam throughout Middle East and North Africa	147
8442364841	Although patriarchy was dominant in most areas, places such as West Africa and __________ tended to be more matriarchal	Southeast Asia	148
8442364842	What labor organization was primarily used by the Aztecs?	Slave/unfree	149
8442364843	Decreased invasions, more reliable transport, warmer temperatures and increased availability of labor all led to what?	Urban revival	150
8442364844	Increased agriculture and industrial productivity resulted in what?	All of the above: Increased population, increased urban and trade	151
8442364845	Of the following types of labor organization, which was most likely to be found in Asian Steppes?	Nomadic Pastoralism	152
8442364846	Quote Given: Foot-binding passage Question: The above practice described was used during the _______ Dynasty	Song	153
8442364847	As opposed to the relativity of Christianity and Buddhism, Islam was expanded primarily by...	Military conquest	154
8442364848	To assist with navigation, the ________ created ___________.	Arabs, Astrolabe	155
8442364849	Which is true of the Song Dynasty in China?	printing with movable type was developed during the dynasty	156
8442364850	What was the group most associated with the fall of the Song Dynasty?	The Mongols	157
8442364851	Sogdian diasporic communities were located primarily in...	Central Asia	158
8442364852	Which was a former Russian city that was a vital artery for the Hanseatic League?	Novgorod	159
8442364853	Which is false concerning Indian Ocean trade up to 810?	Slave trade was the primary focus	160
8442364854	The introduction of the ________ had the greatest impact on Trans-Saharan trade in the early centuries.	Camel	161
8442364855	Muslim writer who traveled throughout Islam and would report what he saw...	Ibn Battuta	162
8442364856	Picture Given: Temple-looking building Question: The above building was built by the _________ empire in the capital city of ____________.	Byzantine, Constantinople	163
8442364857	In the 9th century CE, the Tang Dynasty was weakened by conflicts between who?	Buddhism and Confucianism	164
8442364858	In 1054...	The Catholic Church split creating Orthodox faith	165
8442364859	Which groups were treated as "people of the book" in lands under Islamic Rule?	Christians and Jews	166
8442364860	What was the center of commerce/trade in the northern Adriatic Sea and eventually the Mediterranean Sea region in 1000 CE>	Venice	167
8442364861	What is the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances?	Mercantilism	168
8442364862	Which of the following described the Mongol Empire's role in Trans-Eurasian trade?	Reestablished Silk Roads between Asia and Europe	169
8442364863	Innovations in land-based trade had what long term effect on Eurasia?	Increase in production and movement of luxury items	170
8442364864	Which of the following accurately compares trade cities with trade centers in East Asia?	Cities in Northern Europe led to independently formed organizations to protect trade, East Asian commerce benefitted from centralized government	171
8442364865	What was the clearest effect of the growth in agricultural productivity?	Massive population increase	172
8442364866	Christianity was accepted/spread mostly through the ________ & _________ empires in 476 CE.	Roman and Byzantine	173

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Chapter 12 AP World History Vocab Flashcards

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8608665652	Han Wudi	The Martial Emperor of Han Added the regions south of the Chang Jiang Political	0
8608665653	Missionaries	People who work to spread their religious beliefs Cultural	1
8608668274	Manichaeism	Religion that competed with Christianity Influenced by Zoroastrianism Cultural	2
8608668275	Smallpox	A disease that causes a high fever and often death Interaction with Environment	3
8608669673	Constantinople	Capital of the Byzantine empire Political	4
8608669674	Attila	Leader of the Huns who put pressure on the Roman Empire's borders during the 5th century Political	5
8608671233	St. Augustine	Early christian leader who writes the book City of God that instructs how Christians are to be Cultural	6
8608671234	Monsoon Winds	These carried ships on the Indian Ocean between India and Africa Interaction with Environment	7
8608674836	Expatriate Merchants	Workers from another country residing within the country on a temporary or permanent basis Economical	8
8608677090	Syncretic/Syncretism	Cultures and religions that have combined and have borrowed traits and traditions from others Cultural	9
8608677091	Dioclatian	Roman emperor who divided the empire into a West and an East section Political	10
8608678751	Visigoths	The western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic people These tribes flourished and spread throughout the late Roman Empire Political	11
8608681056	Bishop of Rome	Original title of the Pope Cultural	12
8608681057	Measles	A disease causing fever and a red rash on the skin Interaction with Environment	13
8608682244	Madagascar	Huge island nation off the southeast coast of Africa Political	14
8608683675	Nestorians	A Christian sect found in Asia Tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule Cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions Cultural	15
8608686102	Bubonic Plague	A deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas Interaction with Environment	16
8608688074	Constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith Stopped the persecution of Christians Political and Cultural	17
8608690348	Huns	Nomadic people of central Asia Political	18
8608691716	476 CE	Fall of western Roman Empire Political	19
8609363389	Mani	Sacred objects Can be used as an aid in prayer Cultural	20

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AP World History Chapter 16 Flashcards

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8843388148	Bhakti	Hindu devotional movement that flourished int he early modern era, emphasizing music, dance, poetry, and rituals as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine	0
8843388149	Catholic Counter-Reformation	An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the 16th century, thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability	1
8843388150	Condorcet and the idea of progress	The Marquis of Condorcet (1743-1794) was a French philosopher and political scientist who argue that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improvability with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason.	2
8843388151	Nicolaus Copernicus	Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543) who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos.	3
8843388152	Council of Trent	The main instrument of the Catholic Counter-Reformation (1454-1563) at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses.	4
8843388153	Charles Darwin	Highly influential English biologist continues to be seen by many as a threat to revealed religious truth.	5
8843388154	Deism	Belief in a divine being who created the cosmos but who does not intervene directly in human affairs.	6
8843388155	Edict of Nantes	1598 edict issued by French king Henry IV that granted considerable religious toleration to French Protestants and ended the French Wars of Religion	7
8843388156	European Enlightenment	European intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied the lessons of the scientific revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society.	8
8843388157	Sigmund Freud	Austrian doctor and the father of modern psychoanalysis (1856-1939); his theories about the operation of the human mind and emotions remains influential today.	9
8843388158	Galileo Galilei	Italian astronomer (1564-1642) who further developed the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic Church	10
8843388159	Huacas	Local gods of the Andes	11
8843388160	Huguenots	The Protestant minority in France	12
8843388161	Jesuits in China	Series of Jesuit missionaries in the late 16th and 17th centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success	13
8843388162	Kaozheng	Literally, "research based on evidence"; Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents	14
8843388163	Martin Luther	German priest and theologian (1483-1546) who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe	15
8843388164	Karl Marx	German philosopher (1818-1883) whose view of human history as a class struggle formed the basis of socialism	16
8843388165	Mirabai	One of India's most beloved bhakti poets (1498-1546), she helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition.	17
8843388166	Guru Nanak	The founder of Sikhism (1469-1539)	18
8843388167	Isaac Newton	English natural scientist (1643-1727) whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution	19
8843388168	Ninety-five Theses	List of ninety-five debating points about the abuses of the church, posted by Martin Luther on the door of a church in Wittenberg in 1517; the Church's strong reaction eventually drove Luther to separate from Catholic Christianity.	20
8843388169	Protestant Reformation	Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a Church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to Church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone"	21
8843388170	Matteo Ricci	The most famous Jesuit missionary in China in the early modern period; active in China from 1582-1610	22
8843388171	Scientific Revolution	Great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method.	23
8843388172	Sikhism	Religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak ca. 1500, combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women	24
8843388173	Society of Jesus	AKA Jesuits; The Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholicism through education and preaching; it soon became a leading Catholic missionary order beyond the boards of Europe.	25
8843388174	Taki Onqoy	Literally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age	26
8843388175	Thirty Years' War	Highly destructive war (1618-1648) that eventually included most of Europe; fought for the most part between Protestants and Catholics, the conflict ended with the Peace of Westphalia (1648)	27
8843388176	Voltaire	Pen name of the French philosopher Francois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778) whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion	28
8843388177	Wahhabi Islam	Major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia.	29
8843388178	Wang Yangmin	Prominent Chinese philosopher (147201529) who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection , without the extensive education of traditional Confucianism	30

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Chapter 20 AP World History Flashcards

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6087193832	How did the emergence of Germany as a new nation-state affect the European political scene after 1870?	Germany's arrival disrupted the established order	0
6087196312	Which of the following explains how an assassination in Austria-Hungary triggered World War I?	The triple alliance and the triple entente	1
6087203918	Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Versailles?	Germany was to accept sole responsibility for the cause of WWI	2
6087205751	The new states that had been carved out of which empire were governed as mandates of the League of Nations after World War I?	The Ottoman Empire	3
6087207889	What happened to the German territory in China after World War I ended?	Japan Claimed It	4
6087212084	Which of the following describes the position of the United States after World War I?	It became Europe's main creditor.	5
6087218440	Which of the following characterized European and American culture in the 1920s?	A new consumerism	6
6087218441	Which of the following represents a response among many Latin American countries to the global repercussions of the Great Depression?	Import substitution industrialization	7
6087221919	The set of reforms packaged as the New Deal was based on the belief that	Government actions and spending programs could correct the market	8
6087221966	Which of the following was a factor in causing the Great Depression?	Speculation on the stock market	9
6087225034	Which of the following describes popular attitudes in Europe toward the prospect of war in the summer of 1914?	Widespread enthusiasm	10
6087229074	Which country was least affected by the Great Depression?	The Soviet Union	11
6098404044	Which of the following did Japan, Italy, and Germany share in the 1930s?	Aggressive ambition for conquest & empire building	12
6098404147	What drew Japan, Germany, and Italy into a political alliance by 1936-1937?	Hostility towards the Soviet Union	13
6098407623	What effect did World War II have on communism?	It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power	14
6098407624	In contrast to what transpired during World War I, Germany during World War II was able to	conquer France quickly	15
6098411038	What effect did the U.S. Marshall Plan have on European economies?	It promoted economic growth and widespread prosperity in Western Europe.	16
6098411191	Which of the following was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?	The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets	17
6098413758	Which of the following appealed to fascists?	Nationalism	18
6098416414	Japanese politics and society during the 1920s suggested that Japan favored	democratic politics and Western culture	19
6098419460	Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?	The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war.	20
6098421952	What happened to Europe's empires in Asia and Africa after the end of World War II?	European empires collapsed as colonies achieved independence.	21
6098422099	Which of the following committed the United States to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union after World War II?	The North Atlantic Treaty Organization	22
6098425684	How did the American occupation of Japan after World War II affect the Japanese economy?	It promoted rapid economic growth and generated economic prosperity.	23
6098425726	Which of the following contributed to Western European recovery after the devastation of World War II?	The ability of Western European countries to integrate their economies	24
6098429783	Which of the following strained Japan's relations with Western powers in the early 1940s?	Japanese military operations in Indochina, Malaya, and Burma	25
6098429784	Which of the following was a distinctive and central feature of the German expression of fascism?	An insistence on a racial revolution	26
6098433990	Which of the following was a reason for the popularity of the Nazi Party once it seized power in the 1930s?	Its success in bringing Germany out of the Great Depression	27

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AP World History- Period 6 Flashcards

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9936607644	African National Congress	ANC; South African political party formed in 1912; strongly opposed to apartheid	0
9936607645	apartheid	"separateness"; a series of laws initiated by the Afrikaner National Party in South Africa which was designed to divide South African society by skin color and ethnicity; this system also reserved South Africa's resources for whites	1
9936607646	Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini	lived from 1900 to 1989; religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran	2
9936607647	Big Bang theory	theory which suggests that at some moment all matter in the universe was contained in a single point, which is considered the beginning of the universe	3
9936607648	Vladimir Lenin	born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; lived from 1870 to 1924; the leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and premier of the Soviet Union	4
9936607649	Central Powers	one of the two warring factions in World War I; composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; also known as the Quadruple Alliance	5
9936607650	Charles de Gaulle	lived from 1890 to 1970; French general and statesman who led French forces in World War II; served as the president of France from 1959 to 1969	6
9936607651	Che Guevara	lived from 1928 to 1967; Argentine marxist revolutionary who was a major figure in the Cuban Revolution	7
9936607652	Chiang Kai-shek	lived from 1887 to 1975; Chinese military officer who was leader of the Guomindang; fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in China	8
9936607653	Chinese Revolution	prolonged communist movement in China and lasted from 1946 to 1950; resulted in the communist takeover of mainland China	9
9936607654	Cold War	a sustained state of political and military tension between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact; dissolution of the Soviet Union was the end of this "conflict"	10
9936607655	collectivization	also known as collective farming and communal farming; system in which the holdings of several farmers are run collectively as a unit; imposed by the government in the Soviet Union	11
9936607656	command economy	a.k.a planned economy; the economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency	12
9936607657	containment	the United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad during the Cold War; a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam	13
9936607658	Cuban missile crisis	a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States; Soviet missiles moved to Cuban soil in an agreement by Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev; U.S. responds by blockading Cuba; Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy reach an agreement in which the Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba in return for an American promise not to invade Cuba	14
9936607659	cultural imperialism	the practice of promoting or imposing one's culture on another, usually between powerful societies and less-powerful ones	15
9936607660	Cultural Revolution	also known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; launched by Mao in the late 1960's; aimed to combat the capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party itself; involved new policies to bring health care and education to the countryside and reinvigorate earlier efforts at rural industrialization under local control	16
9936607661	decolonization	the process of the dissolution of colonial territories and the establishment of independent nations	17
9936607662	Deng Xiaoping	lived from 1904 to 1997; successor to Mao Zedong; reformist who sought to incorporate The People's Republic of China into the world economy; dismantled collectivized farming, state enterprises given greater authority, welcomed foreign investment; crushed democracy movement in Beijing's Tiananmen Square	18
9936607663	environmentalism	ideology which regards the environmental concerns	19
9936607664	European Economic Community	EEC; also known as the Common Market; founded in 1957; originally consisted of Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg; expanded membership to almost all of Europe, including former communist states; renamed the European Union in 1994	20
9936607665	Fascism	political ideology which was intensely nationalistic; celebrated action and placed faith in charismatic leaders; and condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism; adopted by Italy, Germany, and Japan in the years following World War I	21
9936607666	Five Year Plan	a planned economy in which a committee came together to determine rations	22
9936607667	fundamentalism	ideology which demands strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines	23
9936607668	Gamel Abdel Nasser	lived from 1918 to 1970; second President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970; planned the overthrow of the monarchy and sought to nationalize the Suez Canal	24
9936607669	UN General Assembly	one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation; oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions	25
9936607670	genocide	the systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group	26
9936607671	Getulio Vargas	lived from 1882 to 1954; ruled Brazil from 1930 to 1945; discrediting of established export elites during the Great Depression leads to his dictatorship; supported the military; took steps to modernize Brazil's urban industrial sector	27
9936607672	global warming	term which refers to the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system; viewed as a result of human emissions of greenhouse gases	28
9936607673	globalization of democracy	the spread of democracy throughout the world	29
9936607674	Great Depression	economic depression as a result of the crash of the American stock market; lasted from 1929 until World War II; causes drop in world trade, loss of investment, and businesses unable to make profit; countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products hardhit as the West consumed less; conditions resulting in the Great Depression led to widespread unemployment and social tensions	30
9936607675	Great Leap Forward	lasted from 1958 to 1960; marked Mao's response to distortions of Chinese socialism; promoted smallscale industrialization in rural areas; tried to foster widespread and practical technological education for all rather than relying on a small elite of highly trained technical experts; envisioned an immediate transition to full communism in the "people's communes" rather than waiting for industrial development to provide the material basis for that transition; massive famine which followed temporarily discredited Mao's radicalism	31
9936607676	Great Purges	also known as the Terror; period of immense paranoia in the Soviet Union of the late 1930's in which communist members accused each other being corrupted by capitalist ideals; enveloped tens of thousands of prominent communists, including all of Lenin's top associates, and millions more of ordinary peoples; based on suspicious associations in the past, denunciations by colleagues, connections to foreign countries, or bad luck; such people were arrested in the middle of the night, then tried and sentenced to either death or long harsh years in remote labor camps known as gulags; close to 1 million peoples executed between 1936 and 1941; additional 4 to 5 million people sent to the gulag, where they were forced to work in horrendous conditions and died in appalling numbers	32
9936607677	Green Revolution	a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agriculture production worldwide, particularly in the developing world	33
9936607678	Adolf Hitler	lived from 1889 to 1945; leader of the Nazi party in Germany; chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945	34
9936607679	Ho Chi Minh	lived from 1890 to 1969; Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader; was prime minister (from 1945 to 1955) and president (from 1945 to 1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam	35
9936607680	Holocaust	the mass murder of approximately six million Jews during World War II; a program of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany; led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party	36
9936607681	International Monetary Fund	IMF; established in 1944 by the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire; sought to promote market economies, free trade, and high growth rates	37
9936607682	Indian National Congress	INC; organization established in 1885; gave expression to the idea of India as a single nation; played a major role in India's independence movement from British colonial rule	38
9936607683	Iranian Cultural Revolution	lasted from 1980 to 198; a period following the Iranian Revolution where intellectuals of Iran were purged of Western and non-Islamic influences to bring it in line with Shia Islam; closed universities between 1980 and 1983, banned many books, and purged thousands of students and lecturers from schools	39
9936607684	iron curtain	the heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe	40
9936607685	Islamic renewal	also referred to as Islamic revival; refers to a renewing of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in 1970s; sought greater religious piety and a growing adoption of Islamic culture	41
9936607686	Jawaharlal Nehru	lived from 1889 to 1964; first Prime Minister of India and was a leading figure in the independence movement against British rule over India	42
9936607687	League of Arab States	a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Southwest Asia; formed in Cairo in 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (Jordan), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria; currently has 22 members	43
9936607688	League of Nations	international peacekeeping organization founded as a result of the First World World; proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson; committed to the principle of "collective security" and intended to avoid the repetition of war	44
9936607689	Mahatma Gandhi	lived from 1869 to 1948; leader of the Indian nationalist movement during British control over India; used nonviolent civil disobedience, such as hunger strikes	45
9936607690	Mao Zedong	lived from 1893 to 1976; Chinese communist revolutionary and leader of the People's Republic of China from its establishment 1949 to his death in 1976	46
9936607691	Marshall Plan	plan which sought to rebuild and reshape devastated European economies; funneled Europe some $12 billion with numerous advisers and technicians; motivated by combination of humanitarian concern, a desire to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American goods, and interest in undermining the growing appeal of European communist parties; required European nations to cooperate with one another	47
9936607692	Mikhail Gorbachev	born in 1931; last general secretary of the Soviet Union (1985 to 1991); passed reforms such as perestroika and policies such as glasnost which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union	48
9936607693	military-industrial complex	the policy and monetary relationships which exist between legislators, national armed forces, and the military industrial base that supports them; include political contributions, political approval for military spending, lobbying to support bureaucracies, and oversight of the industry; most often used in reference to the system behind the military of the United States	49
9936607694	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	lived from 1876 to 1948; founder of Pakistan and the leader of the All-India Muslim League until Pakistan's independence	50
9936607695	Munich Conference	a conference in Munich which permitted Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along German borders mainly inhabited by German speakers; territory now known as "Sudetenland"; widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany; agreement was signed in the early hours of 30 September 1938; agreement was signed by Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy; Czechoslovakia not invited to the conference	51
9936607696	Benito Mussolini	lived from 1883 to 1945; leader of the Italian National Fascist Party; prime minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943	52
9936607697	Mustafa Kemal Ataturk	lived from 1881 to 1938; founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey; passed a series of reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation	53
9936607698	North American Free Trade Agreement	NAFTA; regional alliance founded in 1993 and consists of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the world's second largest free-trade zone	54
9936607699	North Atlantic Treaty Organization	NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 28 member states across North America and Europe	55
9936607700	Nazi Germany	a.k.a the Third Reich; lasted from 1933 to 1945; Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party	56
9936607701	Nelson Mandela	lived from 1918 to 2013; South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician; President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999; served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997	57
9936607702	New Deal	a series of reforms proposed by United States President Woodrow Wilson; lasted from 1933 to 1942; experimental combination of reforms seeking to restart economic growth and prevent similar failures in the future; reflected the thinking of British economist John Maynard Keynes; argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate recessions and depressions; consisted of immediate programs of public spending (for dams, highways, bridges, and parks) and long-term reforms, such as the Social Security system, minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs	58
9936607703	non-governmental organization	NGO; an organization that is neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business	59
9936607704	Nikita Khrushchev	lived from 1894 to 1971; leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and backing of the Soviet space program	60
9936607705	Osama bin Laden	lived from 1957 to 2011; Islamic militant who was the leader of the terrorist group al-Qaeda; mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks; played a key role in the US-backed effort to aid mujahideen who fought Soviet forces in Afghanistan	61
9936607706	al-Qaeda	"the base"; terrorist organization formerly headed by Osama bin Laden; behind the 9/11 attacks	62
9936607707	Palestinian Liberation Organization	PLO; an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine	63
9936607708	Pan-Arabism	an ideology proposing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab World	64
9936607709	Pan-Africanism	an ideology which encourages the unity of Africans worldwide	65
9936607710	HIV/AIDS epidemic	epidemic which was first discovered in 1981 among homosexual men and intravenous drug users in New York and San Francisco; eventually became widespread around the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa; virus attacks and destroys the immune system, which causes a fatal disorder in the immune system; spread through sexual contact with an infected person, contact with contaminated blood, and transmission from mother to child during pregnancy and breastfeeding	66
9936607711	ebola epidemic	an epidemic caused by the Ebola virus; symptoms include fever, throat and muscle pains, headaches, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys; an 2014 outbreak in West Africa has led to a reported 142 deaths	67
9936607712	influenza epidemic	an epidemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus; lasted from 1918 to 1920; resulted in 50 to 100 million deaths, ranking it one of the most deadliest natural disasters in human history	68
9936607713	perestroika	an economic program launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which freed state enterprises from government regulation, permitted small-scale private businesses, offered opportunities for private farming, and welcomed foreign investment in joint enterprises	69
9936607714	glasnost	a Soviet policy established by Mikhail Gorbachev which permitted cultural and intellectual freedoms	70
9936607715	post-modernism	a late 20th Century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism; includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism	71
9936607716	Potsdam Conference	a conference which was held from July 17 to August 2, 1945; participants include the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; gathered to decide how to punish Nazi Germany, sought to establish a post-war order, address peace treaty issues, and counter the effects of World War II	72
9936607717	Prague Spring	a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of Soviet domination; began on January 5, 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and continued until August 21 when the Soviet Union and other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms	73
9936607718	1917 Russian Revolution	a collective term for the series of revolutions in 1917 which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and the tsarist autocracy and replaced it with the communist Bolshiveks	74
9936607719	second-wave feminism	a period of feminist activity that first began in the United States in the early 1960s and eventually spread throughout the Western world; later became a worldwide movement that was strong in Europe and parts of Asia, such as Turkey and Israel; focused on sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, and various legal and de facto inequalities	75
9936607720	UN Security Council	one of the six principal organs of the United Nations; in charge of the maintenance of international peace and security; this body is able to establish peacekeeping operations, establish international sanctions, and authorize military action through resolutions; the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states	76
9936607721	space race	lasted from 1955 to 1972; a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in spaceflight capability; pioneered advancements such as artificial satellites, as well as manned and unmanned missions into outer space	77
9936607722	sphere of influence	a concept in which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the sphere; examples include European "semi-colony" of China	78
9936607723	Joseph Stalin	lived from 1878 to 1953; the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952; implemented a highly centralized command economy, which resulted in the transformation of Russian society from agrarian to industrialized; imprisoned millions in labor camps and deported many to remote areas; issued the Great Purges, in which hundreds of thousands, including many prominent communists, were executed	79
9936607724	theory of relativity	theory which is composed of special relativity and general relativity; proposed by Albert Einstein; proposes that measurements of various quantities are relative to the velocities of observers, space and time should be considered together and in relation to each other (Spacetime), and the speed of light is constant	80
9936607725	Third World	term which describes the countries that did not align with the Soviet Union or the United States	81
9936607726	total war	war which requires the mobilization of each country's entire populations	82
9936607727	transnational corporations	a.k.a multi-national corporation; an organization that owns or controls production or services facilities in one or more countries other than its home country	83
9936607728	Treaty of Versailles	treaty which formally concluded the World War I in 1919; established the conditions for a World War II; Germany losses colonial empire and 15% of its European territory, required to pay heavy reparations to the winners, had its military forces severely restricted, and had to accept sole responsibility for the war; immense German resentment created from the treaty	84
9936607729	trench warfare	type of warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery; resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing a few yards of ground during World War I	85
9936607730	Truman Doctrine	an international relations policy set by the U.S. President Harry Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947; stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere; often referred to as the beginning of the US policy of containment	86
9936607731	United Nations	organization established in 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations; attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity	87
9936607732	Vietnam War	war which occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1956 to 1975; U.S. entered the war to prevent South Vietnam from becoming communist, as a result of its containment policy; Soviet Union backed Northern Vietnamese forces in an attempt to spread communism to Southeast Asia; resulted in the unification of Vietnam under a communist government and the spread of communism to Cambodia and Laos	88
9936607733	Weimar Republic	the federal republic and semi-presidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government after World War I; lasted until the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933; faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremists and continuing contentious relationships with the victors of World War I	89
9936607734	Winston Churchill	lived from 1874 to 1965; British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955	90
9936607735	weapon of mass destruction	WMD; a weapon which has the capability to kill large numbers of people and decimate large swaths of land	91
9936607736	Woodrow Wilson	lived from 1856 to 1924; 28th President of the United States (1913-1921); leader of the Progressive Movement; famous for his Fourteen Points, which sought to avoid another worldwide conflict	92
9936607737	Fourteen Points	a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and called for postwar peace in Europe	93
9936607738	World Bank	a United Nations international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs; its primary goal is to reduce poverty	94
9936607739	World War I	war which lasted from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War; pitted the Allies (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria); resulted in an Allied victory and Treaty of Versailles, which set the stage for another world war	95
9936607740	World War II	war which lasted from 1939 to 1945; pitted the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, China and France) against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy); resulted in an Allied victory, the creation of the United Nations, and set the stage for the Cold War	96
9936607741	World Trade Organization	WTO; established in 1994 by the 123 members of GATT; took over GATT activities in 1995; developed into a forum for settling international trade disputes	97
9936607742	Yalta Conference	conference which lasted from February 4 to February 11, 1945; meeting attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea	98
9936607743	Zionist Movement	the national movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the creation of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the Land of Israel	99
9936607744	Brazilian Solution	Combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and gov't promotion of industrialization in South American countries	100
9936607745	Universal Declaration of Human Rights	A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights.	101
9936607746	nongovernmental organizations	Organizations that are not established or associated with any specific organizations. They may be recognized, however, they run on their own. Examples are Green Peace and Amnesty International.	102
9936607747	Tiananmen Square	Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.	103
9936607748	keiretsu	Japanese business groups after the post-WWII dismantling of the zaibatsu. They are Alliances of corporations each often centered around a bank. They dominate the post-WWII Japanese economy.	104
9936607749	Salvador Allende	The first Marxist politician elected president in the Americas. He was elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by a US-backed military coup in 1973.	105
9936607750	NATO	An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security.	106
9936607751	Warsaw Pact	An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO	107

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AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards

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7097668149	Paleolithic Period	Began 2.5 million years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago in 8000 B.C.E. Often called the stone age, because humans used stone tools and weapons.	0
7097668150	Neolithic Revolution	A set of dramatic changes in how people lived based on the development of agriculture	1
7097668519	monotheism	To worship one god	2
7097668520	Bronze Age	A time period between 3300 and 2300 B.C.E. in which bronze became the primary metal used.	3
7097668835	Specialization of labor	Allowing people to focus on limited tasks	4
7097668836	hunter-forager	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots	5
7097669234	Nomadic pastoralism	Moving animals from one grazing land to another.	6
7097669235	patriarchal	A society dominated by men.	7
7097669508	artisans	People who made objects that were needed by others.	8
7097669509	merchants	People who buy and sell goods for a living	9
7097669510	Social stratification	Categorizing people by their wealth and belongings.	10
7097670336	Kinship group	Several related families that moved together in search of food	11
7097670337	clan	A larger group of relatives	12
7097670516	tribe	Combination of multiple clans	13
7097670517	artifacts	Objects made by people in the past.	14
7097671506	Homo sapiens sapiens	Modern Humans	15
7097671639	textiles	Items made of cloth	16
7097671640	Jericho	One of the first cities which was built on the west bank of the Jordan River.	17
7097672303	Catal Huyuk	An ancient city in present day Turkey, on a river that has dried up.	18
7097672304	Overfarming	The loss of soil fertility because the farm land has been used to much	19
7097672305	Overgrazing	The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing the grass to regrow.	20

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AP World History Emerging Empires: Assyria, Persia, Israel, Minoan, Zhou Flashcards

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7280911633	King Tiglath-Pileser I	Assyrian king under whom the Assyrians rose to power from 1360 BC to 1074 BC. conquering all of Mesopotamia and expanded the empire to include much of the Middle East including Egypt, Babylonia, Israel, and Cypress.	0
7280911634	warrior society	The Assyrians were perhaps most famous for their fearsome army. Fighting was a part of life. It was how they survived. They were known throughout the land as cruel and ruthless.	1
7280911635	Sargon II	One of the several rulers who ruled Assyria at its height from 744 BC to 612 BC.	2
7280911636	Ashurbanipal	The last great Assyrian king.	3
7280911637	Library at Nineveh	Housed the stories of Gilgamesh, the Code of Hammurabi, and more. Much of our knowledge of the Ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia comes from the remains of this.	4
7280911638	Cyrus the Great	First conquered the Median Empire in 550 BC and then went on to conquer the Lydians and the Babylonians, and founded the Persian Empire.	5
7280911639	Persian Leniency	Under Cyrus the Great, the Persians allowed the peoples they conquered to continue their lives and cultures. They could keep their customs and religion as long as they paid their taxes and obeyed the Persian rulers.	6
7280911640	Satrap	In order to maintain control of the large empire, each area had a local ruler. The local ruler was like a governor of the area.	7
7280911641	Zoroastrianism	Although each culture was allowed to keep their own religion, the Persians followed the teaching of the a particular prophet. This religion believed in one main god.	8
7280911642	Ahura Mazda	The main god of Zoroastrianism.	9
7280911643	King Darius	Persian king who wanted to conquer the Greeks who he felt were causing rebellions within his empire	10
7280911644	Canaan	The Ancient Israelites settled this land sometime between 1300 and 1200 BC.	11
7280911645	Abraham	Israel traced their descent to a nomadic clan chief who had migrated to Canaan from Mesopotamia.	12
7280911646	monotheism	the Israelites brought with them a unique cultural facet. For the first time in history, as far as we know, a religion had appeared which concerned the worship of only one god.	13
7280911647	The Ten Commandments	The Israelite religion was not just unique at that time in recognizing a single god. It also promoted an ethical system which required high standards of behavior from the people. In short, they were required to treat each other.	14
7280911648	Minoans	The first civilization to appear on European soil.	15
7280911649	Crete	One of the primary locations of the Minoans.	16
7280911650	Knossos	The largest and most sophisticated palace, a multi-storied complex of stone buildings impressive by any standards.	17
7280911651	bull-jumping	An activity pursued by the Minoans the was representative of their culture and religion.	18
7280911652	Zhou Dynasty	Ruled China from 1122 BC to 256 BC.	19
7280911653	principalities	Zhou kingdom were divided into principalities, each under a prince who was, in fact or in theory, related to the Zhou royal family.	20
7280911654	Bureaucracy	More successful princes changed the way they governed their territories--professional "government" officials ran the affairs of state for the emperors.	21
7280911655	Confucius	One of the greatest Chinese philosophers.	22

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