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Forensic medicine Flashcards

4298964301	Forensic Medicine	The application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime. Uses highly devolped technologies to uncover scentific evidence of a crime,	0
4298964302	Autopsy	AKA post-martem examination A highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse. Usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist	1
4298964303	Anthropology	The study of humankind, past and present.	2
4298964304	Rigor mortis	One of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles after death, causing the limbs of the corpse to become stuff and difficult to move or manipulate In humans, it commences after about 3 or 4 hours reaches maximum stiffness after 12 hours, and gradually lessens until approximeny 48 to 60 hours after deathx	3
4298964305	Lividity	One of the signs of death A settling of the blood in the lower portion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin. When the beat stops functioning and is no longer agitating the blood, heavy red blood cells sick through the serum by action of gravity	4
4298964306	Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)	A molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses	5
4298964307	Serology	The scientific study of plasma serum and other bodily fluids The detection, classification and study of various bodily fluids such as blood, semen, fecal.	6
4298964308	Odontology	The scientific study of the structure and diseases of teeth. The application of dental knowledge to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system	7

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Forensic Medicine Flashcards

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2244066508	Abrasion	A superficial injury to the skin caused by scraping or scratching	0
2244066509	Adipocere	The insoluble, wax-like residue that develops in a decomposing human body in an aqueous environment	1
2244066510	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body after death	2
2244066511	Anaphylaxis	A severe and possibly deadly allergic reaction	3
2244144515	anatomic pathology	the branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing disease through the analysis of tissue samples	4
2244166334	aneurysm	a weakening of the wall of an artery. Either the wall of the artery bulges like a tire or a balloon ready to explode (a sacular aneurysm) or the artery has a defect that allows blood to flow not only within the lumen where it belongs but also to burrow a path between the linings in the wall of the artery (a dissecting aneurysm)	5
2244213632	anoxia	without oxygen	6
2244324524	aortic arch	the curved portion of the aorta as it leaves the heart	7
2244327356	arachnoid	the spider web-like middle membrane covering the brain	8
2244333715	arson	the setting of a fire with the intent to destroy property	9
2244336615	arteriosclerosis	hardening of the arteries-- including deposits of the cholesterol and calcium on the inner lining of the artery that impedes the free flow of blood or the deposits of calcium in the wall of the artery making it hard and brittle	10
2244356776	arrhythmia	a disorder of the rhythmic beating of the heart	11
2244359117	asphyxia	a lack of oxygen in the body that usually results from an interruption of breathing	12
2244364194	autolysis	the breaking down of organs and tissues in the body undergoing a decompositional change	13
2244374065	autopsy	surgical examination of the body after death	14
2244376872	battered child syndrome	the collection of physical injuries typically sustained by a child under constant abuse	15
2244379976	biopsy	examination of a sample of tissue from the body	16
2244387469	bolus	a mass of partially chewed food that becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe during swallowing	17
2244389823	brain death	the irreversible cesssation of the electrical activity in the brain	18
2244392596	bumper fracture	characteristic injury that occurs when a pedestrian is struck by a vehicle involving breaks to the fibula tibia or both	19
2244402781	cadaveric spasm	phenomenon in which the muscles particularly those of the hand contract forcibly at the moment of death	20
2244441207	cellular death	death of the cells within an oranism	21
2244442551	central nervous system	the part of the nervous system made out of the brain and the spinal cord	22
2244447268	chain of custody	tracking system designed to maintain records of who handles and examines evidence during the investigation of a death	23
2244462010	choking game	a dangerous fad among children and teenagers in which participants test how long they can deprive their brains of oxygen before passing out	24
2244481737	cold case	a criminal investigation that has not yet been solved	25
2244486517	congenital defect	a defect or disease present at the time of birth usually a genetic disorder	26
2244490453	coroner	an official responsible for investigating a death that is not the result of natural causes	27
2244503163	contusion	a blunt force injury that causes bleeding in the skin it is usually described as a bruise or a black and blue mark	28
2244507945	criminalistics	application of scientific techniques in he collection and analysis of evidence in a criminal case	29
2244513235	cytopathology	diagnosis of disease by examination of indivual cells instead of tissue specimen	30
2244518210	defense wound	cuts or slashes found in the arms hands or fingers of a dead person that are suggestive of a struggle w a persons attacker	31
2244522331	dermatopathology	the study of the causes and course of skin diseases	32
2244527189	dicing injury	small abrasions and cuts especially on the face caused by shattered window glass due to a car crash	33
2244533247	diener	autopsy assistant comes from the german word "diener" which means servant	34
2244536133	dry floater	a decomposed body found on land and exposed to air	35
2244537832	dura mater	the thick and dense tough membrane directly beneath the skull covering the brain	36
2244541445	entrance wound	a perforating injury caused by the entrance of a foreign object such as a bullet or knife or even electricity into the body	37
2244553389	epidural hemorrhage	bleeding in the area between the skull and the outer layer of the membrane that surrounds the brain	38
2244556643	exit wound	the injury caused when a foreign object (bullet knife) exits the body	39
2244559103	exhume	to remove a body which has been buried from the grave for an autopsy examination	40
2245005652	failure to thrive	a condition in which has been buried from the grave for an autopsy examination	41
2245010121	foramen madnum	the large hole at the base of the skull where the base of the brain continues as the spinal cord, exits the skull and moves down the body through the center of the vertebral bones of the spine	42
2245019759	forensic anthropologist	a physical anthropologist who evaluates skeletal remains to help determine the identification and possibly the cause and manner of death	43
2245036223	forensic entomologist	a type of forensic scientist the studies the association between insects and the human corpse	44
2245039496	forensic odontologist	a subspecialty of dentistry involved in postmortem identifications comparing dental Xrays taken during life w those taken after death. the forensic odontologist is also an expert in evaluating bite mark evidence	45
2245050501	hemolysis	the breakdown of red blood cells	46
2245054284	hesitation wound	a parallel superficial cut found on the wrists or neck of a deceased body made by the person himself and herself	47
2245075672	immersion changes	features of a deceased body such as wrinkled hands and fluid within the body that are characteristic of drowning.	48
2245095353	impale	to pierce with a pointed object	49
2245126642	infanticide	killing a baby	50
2245128945	jurisprudence	the study of law and the legal system	51
2245139877	laceration	the blunt force injury that causes tearing of the tissues	52
2245142657	leptomeninges	the almost inseparable combination of the delicate middle arachnoid (spider web membrane) and the transparent inner membrane covering the brain the pia mater	53
2245149744	ligature	a cord that can be used to bind a person	54
2245151157	livor mortis	purplish red discoloration of the skin of a deceased person that results from the settling of blood in the lower regions of the body	55
2245193708	manner of death	the circumstances of how the circumstances of how a patient died	56
2245197790	macerated	decomposition in a fetus that has died before birth in the sterile environment of its mother's uterus	57
2245208774	marbling	a change in the appearance of the skin of a deceased person after death characterized by a greenish discoloration around the umbilicus	58
2245215932	meninges	the covering of the brain inside the skull. inflammation or infection of these membranes is known as meningitis	59
2245224912	munchausen syndrome	psychological condition in which a person fakes the symptoms of a serious illness with the intention of gaining the attention and sympathy of others	60
2245247925	myocardial infarction	damage to the heart muscle due to a lack of blood from the coronary artery	61
2245249578	neglect	failure to provide levels of care required to meet a dependent person's needs	62
2245255531	neuropathologist	a specialist who studies diseases of the nervous system	63
2245260149	parenchyma	the specialized tissues forming the substance of an organ	64
2245262732	pericardium	the dense fibrous membrane that enclosesthe heart	65
2245273802	persistent vegetative state	vegetable	66
2245276398	pia mater	the transparent innermost membrane covering the brain	67
2245280721	postmortem interval	time of death	68
2245282413	postmortem lividity	the settling of the blood in the body after death which results in a blue/ purple discoloration of the skin	69
2245287236	presumptive identification	preliminary determination off the identity of a deceased person on the basis of items found w the body	70
2245293422	provsional anatomic diagnosis	a listing made of the autopsy to an individual's death	71
2245298208	pulmonary embolism	usually a blood clot that arises in some other blood vessel that travels back through the heart and into the pulmonary artery blocking it completely.	72

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Forensic Medicine Flashcards

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3861816797	Dentally Identified	Certain of the match beyond all reasonable doubt	0
3861820652	Highly Probable	No data information mismatch, but information considered insufficient to be totally sure.	1
3861824495	Probable	Plenty of accurate matches between the charts but there is a non-disqualifying inconsistency.	2
3861829044	Possible	No disqualifying mismatch, but insufficient data to be completely confident of the identification.	3
3861835126	Not identified	Incompatible inconsistencies between the antemortem and postmortem data. A mismatch.	4
3862065499	Class 1 PVS	Evidence provided by one or more well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials.	5
3862065500	Class 2 PVS	Evidence provided by one or more well-designed clinical studies.	6
3862066640	Class 3 PVS	Evidence provided by expert opinion, non-randomized historical controls, or one or more case reports.	7

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HOSA Forensic Medicine Flashcards

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2268098099	Odontology	dentistry; study of the biology and repair of teeth	0
2268098100	Dentition	complement of teeth of an individual	1
2268098101	Bite Marks	usually horse-shoe shaped pattern left in inanimate objects or the tissue of a victim	2
2268098102	Negligence	failure to treat the patient at the highest level of care and competency	3
2268098103	Prognosis	predicted outcome of a patient's condition	4
2268098104	Primary Dentition	the 20 baby teeth	5
2268098105	Permanent Dentition	the 32 adult teeth	6
2268098106	Maxilla	upper jaw	7
2268098107	Mandible	lower jaw	8
2268098108	Enamel	outer covering of the crown of the tooth	9
2268098109	Cementum	outer covering of the roof of the tooth	10
2268098110	Sharpey's Fibers	specialized fibers that connect both the tooth and the alveolar bone to the periodontal ligament	11
2268098111	Periodontal Ligaments	specialized connective tissue ligament that holds the tooth in the alveolus	12
2268098112	Alveolus	bony socket in either the maxilla or mandible that holds the tooth	13
2268098113	Pulp	neurovascular tissue in the center of the tooth	14
2268098114	Commissure	corner of the mouth	15
2268098115	Ramus of the Mandible	vertical portion of the lower jaw that communicates with the skull	16
2268098116	Vestibule	circular space formed by the meeting of the jaw and the cheeks	17
2268098117	Avulsed	expelled or removed	18
2268098118	Antemortem	before death	19
2268098119	Perimortem	at or around the time of death	20
2268098120	Dedicated Dimensional Standard	labeled ruler that is used in all analyses and photographs for a given bite mark case	21
2268098121	Standard of Care	medical or psychological treatment guideline; can be general or specific; specifies appropriate treatment based on scientific evidence and collaboration between medical and/or psychological professionals involved in the treatment of a given condition	22
2268098122	Forensic Toxicology	examination of all aspects of toxicology (the study of drugs and poisons that may have legal implications)	23
2268098123	Postmortem Drug Testing	examination performed on blood, urine, and/or body tissues to determine if drugs were a contributing factor in a death	24
2268098124	Contraband	in forensic toxicology and drug testing facilities refers to suspected controlled	25
2268098125	Vitreous Humor	ocular fluid (fluid in the eye) that is often utilized as a sample for testing in postmortem toxicology	26
2268098126	Workplace Drug Testing	examination performed on primary blood and urine from employees or job applicants for drug content	27
2268098127	NIDA	national institute of drug abuse	28
2268098128	Accuracy	ability of a measurement to match the value of the quantity measured; correctness	29
2268098129	Amphetamine	controlled substance along with its analogs , such as methamphetamine that creates a state of wakefulness, euphoria, and excitatory condition (stimulation)	30
2268098130	Hallucinogen	psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or alters sensory experiences	31
2268098131	Narcotic	addictive substance that reduces pains, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor	32
2268098132	Cannabinoids	term applied to marijuana and parts of the plant cannabis sativa in which tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active agent	33
2268098133	Phencyclidine	PCP; drug originally developed as a surgical anesthetic that was discontinued due to adverse patients reactions; abusers of the drug often experience severe psychiatric manifestations	34
2268098134	Cyanide	CN; highly toxic chemical especially in the form of gas (hydrogen cyanine)	35
2268098135	Chain of Custody	documented process the evidence goes through from the point of gathering to the final presentation in the court; intended to assure that there has been no tampering or altering the evidence	36
2268098136	Gas Chromatography	gas flowing through a coated tube separates compounds by their size, weight, and chemical reactivity with the coating of the tube or column	37
2268098137	Immunoassays	tests utilizing antibodies that react with the drug or substance that recognizes the antibody	38
2268098138	Fluorescence	property of a product producing light when acted upon by radiant energy	39
2268098139	Chemiluminescence	process by which light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction	40
2268098140	TLC	wet chemical test known as thin layer chromatography	41
2268098141	Ultraviolet	area of the light spectrum just past visible violet and before the x-ray region	42
2268098142	Enhancement	rendering an impression more visible through physical, photographic, chemical, or digital methods	43
2268098143	Retention Time	time required for a substance to travel from the injection port to the detector in a gas or liquid chromatographic system	44
2268098144	Mass Spectrometry	technique based of the detection of vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative analysis	45
2268098145	Chemical Ionization	a type of mass spectrometry in which a molecule reacts under relatively low energy with a reagent gas rather than fragmenting extensively	46
2268098146	NIST	national institute of standards and technology	47
2268098147	LC-MS	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a technique that replaces a gas chromatograph with a liquid chromatograph	48
2268098148	AAS	atomic absorption spectroscopy; technique for metal analysis utilizing the reduction of a metal in a solution to an atom, usually by a flame	49
2268098149	NAA	neutron activation analysis; technique for metal analysis utilizing the characteristics of emitted radiation for the detection and quantitation of metals	50
2268098150	Nucleus	cellular organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope; it encloses the chromosomes during the interphase	51
2268098151	ICP-MS	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy; modern technique for metal analysis that utilizes radio frequency energy for the detection and quantitation of metals	52
2268098152	Isotopes	chemical element that exits in alternate forms containing identical numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons	53
2268098153	Toxicogenomics	field of science that deals with how genomes respond to toxins	54
2268098154	LD50	quantity of a substance that kills 50 percent of the population	55
2268098155	GC-MS	acronym for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry	56
2268098156	Who was the first to use fingerprinting as a method of identification on a large scale?	Sir William Hershel-1856	57
2268098157	Who was the first to devise a method of classification based on fingerprints?	Dr. Henry Faulds-1880	58
2268098158	Who's was the first official use of a fingerprint in the United States?	Gilbert Thompson-1882	59
2268098159	What were Sir Francis Galton's calculations of the odds of two individual fingerprints being the same?	1 in 64 billion	60
2268098160	Who began the first fingerprint files?	Juan Vucetich -1891	61
2268098161	When was the first criminal fingerprint identification made?	1892	62
2268098162	When was the introduction of fingerprints for criminal identification in England and Wales?	1901	63
2268098163	What is the classification system for fingerprinting used in all English speaking countries called?	Henry Classification System	64
2268098164	What does AFIS stand for?	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	65
2268098165	What does the AFIS do?	Provides: -Automated fingerprint search -latent print searching capability -electronic image storage -electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses 24/7	66
2268098166	What does the acronym CPIN stand for? How does it work?	C-Commonwealth P-Photo I-Imaging N-Network A computer network that extends PA and is used to record and store digital photos of crime suspects	67
2268098167	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	68
2268098168	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	69
2268098169	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	70
2268098170	Entomology	the study of insects.	71
2268098171	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	72
2268098172	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	73
2268098173	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	74
2268098174	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	75
2268098175	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	76
2268098176	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	77
2268098177	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	78
2268098178	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	79
2268098179	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	80
2268098180	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	81
2268098181	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	82
2268098182	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	83
2268098183	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	84
2268098184	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	85
2268098185	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	86
2268098186	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	87
2268098187	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	88
2268098188	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	89
2268098189	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	90
2268098190	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	91
2268098191	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	92
2268098192	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	93
2268098193	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	94
2268098194	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	95
2268098195	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	96
2268098196	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	97
2268098197	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	98
2268098198	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	99
2268098199	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	100
2268098200	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	101
2268098201	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	102
2268098202	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	103
2268098203	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	104
2268098204	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	105
2268098205	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	106
2268098206	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	107
2268098207	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	108
2268098208	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	109
2268098209	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	110
2268098210	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	111
2268098211	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	112
2268098212	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	113
2268098213	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	114
2268098214	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	115
2268098215	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	116
2268098216	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	117
2268098217	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	118
2268098218	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	119
2268098219	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	120
2268098220	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	121
2268098221	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	122
2268098222	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	123
2268098223	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	124
2268098224	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	125
2268098225	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	126
2268098226	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	127
2268098227	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	128
2268098228	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	129
2268098229	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	130
2268098230	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	131
2268098231	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	132
2268098232	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	133
2268098233	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	134
2268098234	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	135
2268098235	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	136
2268098236	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	137
2268098237	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	138
2268098238	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	139
2268098239	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	140
2268098240	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	141
2268098241	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	142
2268098242	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	143
2268098243	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	144
2268098244	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	145
2268098245	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	146
2268098246	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	147
2268098247	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	148
2268098248	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	149
2268098249	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	150
2268098250	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	151
2268098251	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	152
2268098252	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	153
2268098253	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	154
2268098254	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	155
2268098255	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	156
2268098256	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	157
2268098257	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	158
2268098258	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	159
2268098259	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	160
2268098260	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	161
2268098261	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	162
2268098262	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	163
2268098263	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	164
2268098264	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	165
2268098265	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	166
2268098266	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	167
2268098267	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	168
2268098268	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	169
2268098269	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	170
2268098270	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	171
2268098271	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	172
2268098272	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	173
2268098273	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	174
2268098274	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	175
2268098275	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	176
2268098276	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	177
2268098277	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	178
2268098278	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	179
2268098279	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	180
2268098280	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	181
2268098281	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	182
2268098282	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	183
2268098283	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	184
2268098284	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	185
2268098285	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	186
2268098286	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	187
2268098287	Pathology	The study of disease	188
2268098288	Biopsy	Examination of a tissue sample	189
2268098289	Theory	A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena	190
2268098290	Autopsy	An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.	191
2268098291	Cytopathology	study of the diseases of cells	192
2268098292	Clinical pathology	Involves the analysis and interpretation of the chemical, hormonal, and biochemical components of body fluids to determine whether a disease is present	193
2268098293	Microbiology	Involves the testing and diagnosis of material to determine which infectious organism is infecting or investing the patient	194
2268098294	Histopathology	Microscopic analysis of diseased tissue	195
2268098295	Hematopathology	Diagnosis blood disease And blood forming organs	196
2268098296	Neuropathologist	Focuses on disease of the nervous system	197
2268098297	Dermatopathology	Focuses on skin diseases	198
2268098298	Forensic pathology	Main effort is to determine the cause of death and the circumstances of how the death occurred	199
2268098299	Coroner	Word comes a from the Anglo-Norman word corouner, a word derived from coroune ("crown"). May not be physician/ pathologist. Usually decides if an autopsy is needed then hires a hospital/ forensic pathologist to perform. Is given past medical records and injuries	200
2268098300	Medical Examiner	Forensic pathologist (death investigator) Does not work from a medical chart. Examining clothes is very important in establishing how the death occurred	201
2268098301	CT	Computed tomography	202
2268098302	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	203
2268098303	Postmortem interval	Time of death	204
2268098304	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body; normal temp is approx 98.6° and this is maintained 1-3 hours after death then the body begins to cool at a rate of approx 1° per hour	205
2268098305	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body; occurs when the heart stops beating, the blood stops circulating and stagnates.	206
2268098306	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the body; begins 20 minutes after death with the smaller muscles of the jaw then continues over the next 6-12 hours and over the next 12-24 hours disappears ually in the same way it appeared	207
2268098307	Postmortem lividity	the setting of the blood in the body after death, which results in a blue/purple discoloration of the skin	208
2268098308	Contusion	A black or blue injury	209
2268098309	Cadaveric spasm	The muscles contract forcibly at the moment of death	210
2268098310	Autolysis	Self loosen; occurs inside the body and affects internal organs, including the brain.	211
2268098311	Marbling	Greenish discoloration begins around the belly button and the numerous veins beneath the skin become visible and may also show greenish discoloration	212
2268098312	Mummification	The skin shrinks and dries, occurs under specific environmental conditions	213
2268098313	Adipocere	Waxy fat; happens with bodies under water	214
2268098314	Floaters	Decomposed bodies ; wet floaters found in water and dry floaters are found on land	215
2268098315	Macerated	softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture	216
2268098316	Skeletonization	The end result of decomp.. Accelerated by bugs who have infested the body.	217
2268098317	Forensic entomologist	Person who studies bugs; can determine the approximate postmortem interval based on the type and stage of the insect larvae present	218
2268098318	Presumptive ID	Identification found on a persons unidentifiable body that is not considered an ID. A positive ID must be made, usually done by friends or relatives.	219
2268098319	Forensic odontologist	Forensic dentist; can examine and x-ray the teeth and compare to files of the deceaseds local dentist.	220
2268098320	Forensic anthropologist	Person who studies bones; can help determine the age, sex, race, and approx height. PHYSICAL anthro can reconstruct an accurate face from a skull.	221
2268098321	Manner of death	How death occurred; 5 possibilities - natural -accidental -suicide -homicide -undetermined	222
2268098322	Pericardium	Firbrous sac that encloses the heart. Opened during an autopsy to remove the heart.	223
2268098323	Arteriosclerosis	Hardening of the arteries	224
2268098324	Myocardial Infarction	The blockage of blood to the heart resulting I'm the death of the heart muscle	225
2268098325	Small intestines	Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum	226
2268098326	Meninges	Membranes that surround the brain.	227
2268098327	Dura mater	(Meninges) lies just beneath the internal surface of the skull; firm, touch, and fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the brain.	228
2268098328	Epidural hemmorhage	Hemorrhage due to trauma between the dura mater and the skull	229
2268098329	Subdural hemorrhage	Blood lies below the dura mater	230
2268098330	Arachnoid	Two filmy, thin, transparent membranes that cover the brain directly below the mater	231
2268098331	Pia mater	The transparent innermost membrane covering the brain	232
2268098332	Leptomenginges	The almost inseparable combination of the delicate middle arachnoid (spider-web like membrane) and the transparent inner membrane covering the brain, the pia mater	233
2268098333	Provisional anatomic diagnoses	A listing made of the autopsy findings made by a forensic pathologist	234

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Forensic Medicine: Forensic Pathology Flashcards

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2555930304	Abrasions	scraping of the skin surface, only epidermis is affected but can bleed	0
2555930305	Brush Abrasion	angular contact with rough surface, skin tags	1
2555930306	Bruises	leaking of blood from damaged vessels, intact epidermis, red purple, blue brown, green brown, yellow	2
2555930307	Tramline Bruising	caused by rectangular objects or cylindrical objects , central pallor with surrounding bruising	3
2555930308	Intradermal Bruising	sharply defined bleeding into the suspidermal layer caused by a patterned object	4
2555930309	Microscopy	haemosiderin can be found in bruises aprox 48 hours	5
2555930310	Laceration	tearing of the skin due to blunt force trauma	6
2555930311	Blunt Force Truma	Abraisons, bruises, lacerations	7
2555930312	Sharp Force Trauma	incised wounds, slash wound, stab wound	8
2555930313	Incised wound	caused by anything with a sharp edge	9
2555930314	Slash Wound	longer than it is deep	10
2555930315	Stab Wound	deeper than it is long	11
2555930316	Atherosclerosis	hardening of the arteries, build up of fatty plaque on the inside of the arteries, reduces the diameter of the artery and bloodflow	12
2555930317	Cardiac Enlargement	mismatch between muscle mass and blood supply, caused by high blood pressure or heart valve diseal	13
2555930318	Heart	made of myocardium muscle, divided into four chambers, ventricles & atria	14
2555930319	Blood Supply To The Heart	3 main arteries, circumflex, left anterior descending, right corrany artery	15
2555930320	Arteries	thick walled, high pressure, elastic, smooth muscle, carries blood away from the heart	16
2555930321	Veins	thinner walled, low pressure, carries blood towards the heart, valves, deoxygenated	17
2555930322	Gas Exchange	oxygen is inhaled into air passages, diffusion into blood vessels in alveolus wall, exchange for carbon dioxide from blood, carbon dioxide exhaled	18
2555930323	Airways	nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchi, branches, alveoli, lungs	19
2555930324	Suffocation	lack of oxygen in the environment or from obstruction of the air passages	20
2555930325	Smothering	closing the external respiratory orifices or by blocking up the cavities of the nose and mouth	21
2555930326	Early Post Mortem Changes	rigor mortis, lividity/hypostasis, body temperature	22
2555930327	Later Post Mortem Changes	putrefaction, adipocere, mummification, skeletalisation, damage by predators	23
2555930328	Rigor Mortis	breakdown of glycogen in muscle, build up of ADP, muscle fibres remain in contracted state	24
2555930329	Timing of Rigor	very variable, temp of surroundings, physical activity before death, warm & flaccid 3 hours, warm & stiff 3-8 hours, cold & stiff 8-36 hours, cold & flaccid more than 36 hours	25
2555930330	Hypostasis	pooling of blood in dependent parts of the body due to gravity, variable in colour	26
2555930331	Body Temperature	37, falls until reaches temp of surroundings, time of death = 37-body temperature + 3	27
2555930332	Putrefaction	red/black discolouration, skin blistering, gaseous, purging of fluid, insect activity, variable time scale	28
2555930333	Mummification	can take months or years and last for years, drying of surface or body	29
2555930334	Adipocere	white fatty change to the body, can develop in a number of weeks, few months	30
2555930335	Skeletalisation	may take as little as a few months	31
2556033805	Body Fluids	blood, saliva, semen	32
2556035033	Presumptive Colour Tests For Blood Stains	iron serves as a catalyst for an oxidation reaction, phenolphthalein test, colourless to pink	33
2556036831	Fluorescence Based Presumptive Tests For Blood	spray area of interest, observe & document in darkness, luminal blue	34
2556039658	Confirmatory Tests	crystal tests, targets the non protein heme groups	35
2556040470	Species Identification	precipitin test, based on antibody/antigen complex formation	36
2556041300	Presumptive test for semen	visual and alternative light tests, acid phosphate test	37
2556041769	Acid Phosphate Test	detects protein in the seminal fluid, is not a test for sperm, intense purple colour, removes phosphates from proteins	38
2556043230	Confirmation tests for semen	christmas tree stain, semen strip test, prostate specific antigen	39
2556044343	presumptive starch iodine test	starch appears blue as amylase breaks down starch blue disappears	40
2556045693	confirmatory tests for saliva	based on antibody that is specific for the amylase variant that is present in human saliva	41
2556060181	Forensic Pathologist	duty to investigate all sudden & unexplained deaths aswell as deaths in suspicious circumstances	42
2556064211	Purpose of Autopsy	ascertain the cause of death, help exclude suspicious circumstances, help determine circumstances surrounding the death, identification	43
2556068918	External Exam	rigor mortis, hypostasis, general features, injuries	44
2556069589	Internal Exam	removal of major organs, examination of each organ, body cavities, skeleton	45
2556073937	Further Investigations	toxicology, histology, neuropathology, immunology	46
2574010964	Defence Wounds	back of forearm, wrist, hand, palm of hand, thigh, shins	47
2574016834	Description of stab wounds	direction, depth, approximate force, internal structures damaged	48

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FORENSIC MEDICINE Flashcards

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149870159	Pathology	Concerned with determining the cause of death	0
149870160	Forensic Pathologist	A medical doctor who has completed training in anatomical pathology and who has sub-specialized in forensic pathology	1
149870161	Autopsy report	Pathological process, injury or disease that directly relates a series of events that led to a person's death; Manner of death; collection of trace evidence are all included in a(n)__________________.	2
149870162	Master's degree, 3-5 year residency, one additional year of training	Schooling for a forensic pathologist	3
149870163	$80,000-$120,000	Average salary for a forensic pathologist	4
149870164	Forensic nurse	A nurse with specialized training in forensic evidence collection, criminal procedures, legal testimony expertise and more	5
149870165	Mechanism of death	A biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with death	6
149870166	Natural, homicidal, accidental, suicidal	Four manners of death	7
149870167	Natural deaths	Caused by disease without intervention of trauma	8
149870168	Accidental deaths	Due to trauma occurring from acts no responsible person would have felt had a high probability of producing bodily injury or death	9
149870169	Homicidal deaths	Arise from acts a responsible person would have felt had a high probability of producing bodily injury or death; Someone other than the deceased took the action that caused the death	10
149870170	Suicidal deaths	Arise from acts a responsible person would have felt had a high probability of producing bodily injury or death; The deceased took the action that caused the death	11
149870171	Rigor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis	Changes that occur which can be used to estimate the time of death	12
149870172	Rigor mortis	The stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person	13
149870173	Glycogen	This chemical, normally found in the muscles, is used up and not reformed after death, causing rigor mortis	14
149870174	4	Rigor mortis is seen _________ hours after death	15
149870175	24; 36	Rigor mortis disappears between _____ and ______ hours after death	16
149870176	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from the settling of red blood cells after blood stops circulating	17
149870177	12	Lividity becomes "fixed" (does not blanch when pressure is applied) roughly _______ hours after death	18
149870178	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body, assuming the temperature is lower than body temperature	19
149870179	18º; 20º;1.5º	Rule of thumb for Algor mortis: A nearly nude body exposed to _____ºC - _____ºC is _______ºC of temperature drop per hour for the first 8 hours	20
149870180	Mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, asphyxial	5 classifications of traumatic deaths	21
149870181	Asphyxial death	Death due to lack of oxygen to the brain	22
149870182	Mechanical trauma	Occurs when applied physical force exceeds the tensile strength of the tissue to which the force is applied	23
149870183	Yawing	When a bullet enters the body sideways	24
149870184	Toxicology	Study of poisons	25
149870185	Vitreous humor	Transparent gelatinous substance filling the eyeball	26
149870186	Liver	Which organ is most heavily involved in drug metabolism?	27
149870187	Opiates	Type of drugs best known as pain relievers	28
149870188	Codeine and Morphine	___________ and _________ are two of the most known opiates	29
149870189	Synthetic opiates	Drugs made by simple modification of the morphine or codeine molecules; hydrocodone, oxymorphone, oxycodone	30
149870190	OxyCotin®	Commercial form of oxycodone that has caused many deaths	31
149870191	Amphetamines	Stimulants that create an excitatory condition characterized by elevations of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate	32
149870192	Opiates; amphetamines	__________ are depressants; __________ are stimulants	33
149870193	Cocaine	Made from the cocoa leaf; stimulant that resembles amphetamine and its abusive potential	34
149870194	Cannabinoids	Otherwise known as marijuana; produces euphoria, perceptive alterations, and memory impairment	35
149870195	Cyanide	Highly toxic substance that is found in nature; interrupts the pathway for energy pathway for energy radiation in human biochemistry, producing a quick death	36
149870196	Forensic odontology	The application of the arts and sciences of dentistry to the legal system	37
149870197	Rape, murder, child abuse, spousal abuse	Common crimes where bite marks are seen	38
149870198	Upper anterior, lower anterior	Looking at the initial entry point of a bite wound, the six _________ and six ________ should be identifiable	39
149870199	First and second bicuspids	The ________________________ are rarely seen in bite marks	40
150034744	Forensic Psychology	The application of psychological findings to legal processes	41
150034745	Pre-Trail exams	In forensic psychology, these are used to determine competency and criminal responsibility	42
150034746	Pre-sentence exams	In forensic pyschology, these are used to help the judge determine disposition for the offender	43
150034747	Sexual psychopath laws	Originated in the mid-1930's and mandated the evaluation and treatment of sexual offenders	44
150034748	People vs. Hawthorne	Court case that determined there was "no magic of an M.D. degree" and allowed properly trained psychologists to testify about a defendant's mental state	45
150034749	Hidden vs. Mutual Life	Court case that determined the Supreme Court would permit psychologists to testify	46
150034750	Jenkins vs. United States	Court case in which the federal court allowed psychologists to testify as expert witnesses in criminal matters	47
150043419	Clinical	________ psychologists are taught to evaluate their patients through interviews, psych tests and sometimes additional information from family members	48
150043420	Malingering	Exaggerating an illness to escape work	49
150043421	Projective Tests	These psychological tests are based on the notion that if an individual is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to respond to it, his or her responses will reveal aspects of his or her personality	50
150043422	Rorschach Test	The psychological test that is used to assess personality structure, dynamics, presence or absence of a thought disorder, and accuracy of reality testing	51
150853034	True	True or False: Bee and wasp stings are accidents	52
150853035	Focuses on the criminal component of the legal system with insects	Medicolegal entomology is .... what?	53
150853036	In food	Stored product insects are found... where?	54
150853037	MACET (Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, Asphyxia)	What are the classification of traumatic deaths?	55
150853038	No	Does a penetrating wound have an exit wound?	56
150853039	Yes	Does a perforating wound have an exit wound?	57
150853040	The insects that affect man and his immediate environment	Urban aspects of entomology deal with....?	58
150853041	The use of insects and their arthropod relatives that inhabit decomposing remains to aid legal investigations	What is forensic entomology?	59
150853042	Medicolegal, urban and stored product pests	What are the 3 branches of forensic entomology?	60
150853043	Removing bone marrow and digesting it with strong acids	How can you confirm drowning with bone marrow?	61
150853044	A major artery or the heart has been damaged to cause excessive blood loss	What is exsanguination?	62
150853045	Be given voluntarily and supported	For a defendant's to be valid it must....?	63
150853046	1968 in Boston (Dr. Jonas Rappeport) American Academy of Psychiatry and Law	Whn did AAPL emerge and what is it?	64
150853047	10 years	According to APA what is the new certification time limit?	65
150853048	Yes, and even competency to be executed and waive rights under the constitution	Can a psychiatrist decide whether an individual is competent for the death sentence?	66
150853049	Homicide, felonies (robbery, arson, kidnapping, etc.), false/repressed memory (esp. with children)	Which cases are usually assessed by a psychiatrist?	67

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Forensic Medicine Flashcards

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683281653	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	0
683281654	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	1
683281655	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	2
683281656	Entomology	the study of insects.	3
683281657	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	4
683281660	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	5
683281661	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	6
683281662	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	7
683281664	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	8
683281665	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	9
683281666	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	10
683281667	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	11
683281671	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	12
683281675	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	13
683281676	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	14
683281916	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	15
683281917	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	16
683282290	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	17
683282341	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	18
683282392	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	19
683282393	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	20
683282394	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	21
683282395	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	22
683282396	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	23
683282398	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	24
683282400	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	25
683282402	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	26
683282404	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	27
683282405	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	28
683282406	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	29
683282407	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	30
683282408	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	31
683282409	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	32
683282426	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	33
683282427	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	34
683282430	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	35
683282431	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	36
683282432	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	37
683282433	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	38
683282434	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	39
683282435	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	40
683282436	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	41
683282437	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	42
683282438	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	43
683282444	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	44
683282447	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	45
683282448	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	46
683282449	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	47
683282450	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	48
683282451	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	49
683282452	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	50
683282454	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	51
683282455	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	52
683282457	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	53
683282458	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	54
683282459	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	55
683282460	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	56
683282467	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	57
683282470	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	58
683282471	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	59
683282475	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	60
683282476	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	61
683282477	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	62
683282478	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	63
683282479	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	64
683282485	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	65
683282486	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	66
683282487	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	67
683282488	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	68
683282489	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	69
683282490	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	70
683282492	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	71
683282493	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	72
683282494	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	73
683282497	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	74
683282498	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	75
683282499	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	76
683282500	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	77
683282501	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	78
683282502	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	79
683282504	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	80
683282505	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	81
683282506	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	82
683282507	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	83
683282509	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	84
683282511	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	85
683282512	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	86
683282513	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	87
683282536	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	88
683282541	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	89
683282565	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	90
683282571	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	91
683282575	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	92
683283117	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	93
683283118	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	94
683283119	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	95
683283122	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	96
683283123	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	97
683283124	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	98
683283128	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	99
683283129	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	100
683283130	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	101
683283131	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	102
683283133	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	103
683283135	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	104
683283137	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	105
683283158	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	106
683283159	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	107
683283160	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	108
683283162	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	109
683283163	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	110
683283164	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	111
683283165	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	112
683283166	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	113
683283167	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	114
683283168	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	115
683283169	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	116
683283170	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	117
683283171	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	118
683283192	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	119

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HOSA Forensic Medicine 2014 Flashcards

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3408034325	Forensic Toxicology	examination of all aspects of toxicology (the study of drugs and poisons that may have legal implications)	0
3408034326	Postmortem Drug Testing	examination performed on blood, urine, and/or body tissues to determine if drugs were a contributing factor in a death	1
3408034327	Contraband	in forensic toxicology and drug testing facilities refers to suspected controlled	2
3408034328	Vitreous Humor	ocular fluid (fluid in the eye) that is often utilized as a sample for testing in postmortem toxicology	3
3408034329	Workplace Drug Testing	examination performed on primary blood and urine from employees or job applicants for drug content	4
3408034330	NIDA	national institute of drug abuse	5
3408034331	Accuracy	ability of a measurement to match the value of the quantity measured; correctness	6
3408034332	Amphetamine	controlled substance along with its analogs , such as methamphetamine that creates a state of wakefulness, euphoria, and excitatory condition (stimulation)	7
3408034333	Hallucinogen	psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or alters sensory experiences	8
3408034334	Narcotic	addictive substance that reduces pains, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor	9
3408034335	Cannabinoids	term applied to marijuana and parts of the plant cannabis sativa in which tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active agent	10
3408034336	Phencyclidine	PCP; drug originally developed as a surgical anesthetic that was discontinued due to adverse patients reactions; abusers of the drug often experience severe psychiatric manifestations	11
3408034337	Cyanide	CN; highly toxic chemical especially in the form of gas (hydrogen cyanine)	12
3408034338	Chain of Custody	documented process the evidence goes through from the point of gathering to the final presentation in the court; intended to assure that there has been no tampering or altering the evidence	13
3408034339	Gas Chromatography	gas flowing through a coated tube separates compounds by their size, weight, and chemical reactivity with the coating of the tube or column	14
3408034340	Immunoassays	tests utilizing antibodies that react with the drug or substance that recognizes the antibody	15
3408034341	Fluorescence	property of a product producing light when acted upon by radiant energy	16
3408034342	Chemiluminescence	process by which light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction	17
3408034343	TLC	wet chemical test known as thin layer chromatography	18
3408034344	Ultraviolet	area of the light spectrum just past visible violet and before the x-ray region	19
3408034345	Enhancement	rendering an impression more visible through physical, photographic, chemical, or digital methods	20
3408034346	Retention Time	time required for a substance to travel from the injection port to the detector in a gas or liquid chromatographic system	21
3408034347	Mass Spectrometry	technique based of the detection of vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative analysis	22
3408034348	Chemical Ionization	a type of mass spectrometry in which a molecule reacts under relatively low energy with a reagent gas rather than fragmenting extensively	23
3408034349	NIST	national institute of standards and technology	24
3408034350	LC-MS	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a technique that replaces a gas chromatograph with a liquid chromatograph	25
3408034351	AAS	atomic absorption spectroscopy; technique for metal analysis utilizing the reduction of a metal in a solution to an atom, usually by a flame	26
3408034352	NAA	neutron activation analysis; technique for metal analysis utilizing the characteristics of emitted radiation for the detection and quantitation of metals	27
3408034353	Nucleus	cellular organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope; it encloses the chromosomes during the interphase	28
3408034354	ICP-MS	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy; modern technique for metal analysis that utilizes radio frequency energy for the detection and quantitation of metals	29
3408034355	Isotopes	chemical element that exits in alternate forms containing identical numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons	30
3408034356	Toxicogenomics	field of science that deals with how genomes respond to toxins	31
3408034357	LD50	quantity of a substance that kills 50 percent of the population	32
3408034358	GC-MS	acronym for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry	33
3408034359	Who was the first to use fingerprinting as a method of identification on a large scale?	Sir William Hershel-1856	34
3408034360	Who was the first to devise a method of classification based on fingerprints?	Dr. Henry Faulds-1880	35
3408034361	Who's was the first official use of a fingerprint in the United States?	Gilbert Thompson-1882	36
3408034362	What were Sir Francis Galton's calculations of the odds of two individual fingerprints being the same?	1 in 64 billion	37
3408034363	Who began the first fingerprint files?	Juan Vucetich -1891	38
3408034364	When was the first criminal fingerprint identification made?	1892	39
3408034365	When was the introduction of fingerprints for criminal identification in England and Wales?	1901	40
3408034366	What is the classification system for fingerprinting used in all English speaking countries called?	Henry Classification System	41
3408034367	What does AFIS stand for?	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	42
3408034368	What does the AFIS do?	Provides: -Automated fingerprint search -latent print searching capability -electronic image storage -electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses 24/7	43
3408034369	What does the acronym CPIN stand for? How does it work?	C-Commonwealth P-Photo I-Imaging N-Network A computer network that extends PA and is used to record and store digital photos of crime suspects	44
3408034370	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	45
3408034371	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	46
3408034372	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	47
3408034373	Entomology	the study of insects.	48
3408034374	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	49
3408034375	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	50
3408034376	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	51
3408034377	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	52
3408034378	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	53
3408034379	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	54
3408034380	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	55
3408034381	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	56
3408034382	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	57
3408034383	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	58
3408034384	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	59
3408034385	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	60
3408034386	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	61
3408034387	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	62
3408034388	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	63
3408034389	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	64
3408034390	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	65
3408034391	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	66
3408034392	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	67
3408034393	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	68
3408034394	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	69
3408034395	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	70
3408034396	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	71
3408034397	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	72
3408034398	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	73
3408034399	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	74
3408034400	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	75
3408034401	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	76
3408034402	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	77
3408034403	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	78
3408034404	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	79
3408034405	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	80
3408034406	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	81
3408034407	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	82
3408034408	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	83
3408034409	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	84
3408034410	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	85
3408034411	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	86
3408034412	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	87
3408034413	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	88
3408034414	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	89
3408034415	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	90
3408034416	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	91
3408034417	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	92
3408034418	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	93
3408034419	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	94
3408034420	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	95
3408034421	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	96
3408034422	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	97
3408034423	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	98
3408034424	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	99
3408034425	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	100
3408034426	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	101
3408034427	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	102
3408034428	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	103
3408034429	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	104
3408034430	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	105
3408034431	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	106
3408034432	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	107
3408034433	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	108
3408034434	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	109
3408034435	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	110
3408034436	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	111
3408034437	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	112
3408034438	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	113
3408034439	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	114
3408034440	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	115
3408034441	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	116
3408034442	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	117
3408034443	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	118
3408034444	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	119
3408034445	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	120
3408034446	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	121
3408034447	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	122
3408034448	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	123
3408034449	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	124
3408034450	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	125
3408034451	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	126
3408034452	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	127
3408034453	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	128
3408034454	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	129
3408034455	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	130
3408034456	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	131
3408034457	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	132
3408034458	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	133
3408034459	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	134
3408034460	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	135
3408034461	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	136
3408034462	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	137
3408034463	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	138
3408034464	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	139
3408034465	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	140
3408034466	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	141
3408034467	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	142
3408034468	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	143
3408034469	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	144
3408034470	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	145
3408034471	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	146
3408034472	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	147
3408034473	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	148
3408034474	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	149
3408034475	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	150
3408034476	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	151
3408034477	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	152
3408034478	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	153
3408034479	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	154
3408034480	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	155
3408034481	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	156
3408034482	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	157
3408034483	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	158
3408034484	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	159
3408034485	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	160
3408034486	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	161
3408034487	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	162
3408034488	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	163
3408034489	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	164
3408034490	Pathology	The study of disease	165
3408034491	Biopsy	Examination of a tissue sample	166
3408034492	Theory	A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena	167
3408034493	Autopsy	An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.	168
3408034494	Cytopathology	study of the diseases of cells	169
3408034495	Clinical pathology	Involves the analysis and interpretation of the chemical, hormonal, and biochemical components of body fluids to determine whether a disease is present	170
3408034496	Microbiology	Involves the testing and diagnosis of material to determine which infectious organism is infecting or investing the patient	171
3408034497	Histopathology	Microscopic analysis of diseased tissue	172
3408034498	Hematopathology	Diagnosis blood disease And blood forming organs	173
3408034499	Neuropathologist	Focuses on disease of the nervous system	174
3408034500	Dermatopathology	Focuses on skin diseases	175
3408034501	Forensic pathology	Main effort is to determine the cause of death and the circumstances of how the death occurred	176
3408034502	Coroner	Word comes a from the Anglo-Norman word corouner, a word derived from coroune ("crown"). May not be physician/ pathologist. Usually decides if an autopsy is needed then hires a hospital/ forensic pathologist to perform. Is given past medical records and injuries	177
3408034503	Medical Examiner	Forensic pathologist (death investigator) Does not work from a medical chart. Examining clothes is very important in establishing how the death occurred	178
3408034504	CT	Computed tomography	179
3408034505	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	180
3408034506	Postmortem interval	Time of death	181
3408034507	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body; normal temp is approx 98.6° and this is maintained 1-3 hours after death then the body begins to cool at a rate of approx 1° per hour	182
3408034508	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body; occurs when the heart stops beating, the blood stops circulating and stagnates.	183
3408034509	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the body; begins 20 minutes after death with the smaller muscles of the jaw then continues over the next 6-12 hours and over the next 12-24 hours disappears ually in the same way it appeared	184
3408034510	Postmortem lividity	the setting of the blood in the body after death, which results in a blue/purple discoloration of the skin	185
3408034511	Contusion	A black or blue injury	186
3408034512	Cadaveric spasm	The muscles contract forcibly at the moment of death	187
3408034513	Autolysis	Self loosen; occurs inside the body and affects internal organs, including the brain.	188
3408034514	Marbling	Greenish discoloration begins around the belly button and the numerous veins beneath the skin become visible and may also show greenish discoloration	189
3408034515	Mummification	The skin shrinks and dries, occurs under specific environmental conditions	190
3408034516	Adipocere	Waxy fat; happens with bodies under water	191
3408034517	Floaters	Decomposed bodies ; wet floaters found in water and dry floaters are found on land	192
3408034518	Macerated	softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture	193
3408034519	Skeletonization	The end result of decomp.. Accelerated by bugs who have infested the body.	194
3408034520	Forensic entomologist	Person who studies bugs; can determine the approximate postmortem interval based on the type and stage of the insect larvae present	195
3408034521	Presumptive ID	Identification found on a persons unidentifiable body that is not considered an ID. A positive ID must be made, usually done by friends or relatives.	196
3408034522	Forensic odontologist	Forensic dentist; can examine and x-ray the teeth and compare to files of the deceaseds local dentist.	197
3408034523	Forensic anthropologist	Person who studies bones; can help determine the age, sex, race, and approx height. PHYSICAL anthro can reconstruct an accurate face from a skull.	198
3408034524	Manner of death	How death occurred; 5 possibilities - natural -accidental -suicide -homicide -undetermined	199
3408034525	Pericardium	Firbrous sac that encloses the heart. Opened during an autopsy to remove the heart.	200
3408034526	Arteriosclerosis	Hardening of the arteries	201
3408034527	Myocardial Infarction	The blockage of blood to the heart resulting I'm the death of the heart muscle	202
3408034528	Small intestines	Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum	203
3408034529	Meninges	Membranes that surround the brain.	204
3408034530	Dura mater	(Meninges) lies just beneath the internal surface of the skull; firm, touch, and fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the brain.	205
3408034531	Epidural hemmorhage	Hemorrhage due to trauma between the dura mater and the skull	206
3408034532	Subdural hemorrhage	Blood lies below the dura mater	207
3408034533	Arachnoid	Two filmy, thin, transparent membranes that cover the brain directly below the mater	208
3408034534	Pia mater	The transparent innermost membrane covering the brain	209
3408034535	Leptomenginges	The almost inseparable combination of the delicate middle arachnoid (spider-web like membrane) and the transparent inner membrane covering the brain, the pia mater	210
3408034536	Provisional anatomic diagnoses	A listing made of the autopsy findings made by a forensic pathologist	211

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HOSA Forensic Medicine 2014 Flashcards

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2171702331	Odontology	dentistry; study of the biology and repair of teeth	0
2171702332	Dentition	complement of teeth of an individual	1
2171702333	Bite Marks	usually horse-shoe shaped pattern left in inanimate objects or the tissue of a victim	2
2171702334	Negligence	failure to treat the patient at the highest level of care and competency	3
2171702335	Prognosis	predicted outcome of a patient's condition	4
2171702336	Primary Dentition	the 20 baby teeth	5
2171702337	Permanent Dentition	the 32 adult teeth	6
2171702338	Maxilla	upper jaw	7
2171702339	Mandible	lower jaw	8
2171702340	Enamel	outer covering of the crown of the tooth	9
2171702341	Cementum	outer covering of the roof of the tooth	10
2171702342	Sharpey's Fibers	specialized fibers that connect both the tooth and the alveolar bone to the periodontal ligament	11
2171702343	Periodontal Ligaments	specialized connective tissue ligament that holds the tooth in the alveolus	12
2171702344	Alveolus	bony socket in either the maxilla or mandible that holds the tooth	13
2171702345	Pulp	neurovascular tissue in the center of the tooth	14
2171702346	Commissure	corner of the mouth	15
2171702347	Ramus of the Mandible	vertical portion of the lower jaw that communicates with the skull	16
2171702348	Vestibule	circular space formed by the meeting of the jaw and the cheeks	17
2171702349	Avulsed	expelled or removed	18
2171702350	Antemortem	before death	19
2171702351	Perimortem	at or around the time of death	20
2171702352	Dedicated Dimensional Standard	labeled ruler that is used in all analyses and photographs for a given bite mark case	21
2171702353	Standard of Care	medical or psychological treatment guideline; can be general or specific; specifies appropriate treatment based on scientific evidence and collaboration between medical and/or psychological professionals involved in the treatment of a given condition	22
2171702354	Forensic Toxicology	examination of all aspects of toxicology (the study of drugs and poisons that may have legal implications)	23
2171702355	Postmortem Drug Testing	examination performed on blood, urine, and/or body tissues to determine if drugs were a contributing factor in a death	24
2171702356	Contraband	in forensic toxicology and drug testing facilities refers to suspected controlled	25
2171702357	Vitreous Humor	ocular fluid (fluid in the eye) that is often utilized as a sample for testing in postmortem toxicology	26
2171702358	Workplace Drug Testing	examination performed on primary blood and urine from employees or job applicants for drug content	27
2171702359	NIDA	national institute of drug abuse	28
2171702360	Accuracy	ability of a measurement to match the value of the quantity measured; correctness	29
2171702361	Amphetamine	controlled substance along with its analogs , such as methamphetamine that creates a state of wakefulness, euphoria, and excitatory condition (stimulation)	30
2171702362	Hallucinogen	psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or alters sensory experiences	31
2171702363	Narcotic	addictive substance that reduces pains, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor	32
2171702364	Cannabinoids	term applied to marijuana and parts of the plant cannabis sativa in which tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active agent	33
2171702365	Phencyclidine	PCP; drug originally developed as a surgical anesthetic that was discontinued due to adverse patients reactions; abusers of the drug often experience severe psychiatric manifestations	34
2171702366	Cyanide	CN; highly toxic chemical especially in the form of gas (hydrogen cyanine)	35
2171702367	Chain of Custody	documented process the evidence goes through from the point of gathering to the final presentation in the court; intended to assure that there has been no tampering or altering the evidence	36
2171702368	Gas Chromatography	gas flowing through a coated tube separates compounds by their size, weight, and chemical reactivity with the coating of the tube or column	37
2171702369	Immunoassays	tests utilizing antibodies that react with the drug or substance that recognizes the antibody	38
2171702370	Fluorescence	property of a product producing light when acted upon by radiant energy	39
2171702371	Chemiluminescence	process by which light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction	40
2171702372	TLC	wet chemical test known as thin layer chromatography	41
2171702373	Ultraviolet	area of the light spectrum just past visible violet and before the x-ray region	42
2171702374	Enhancement	rendering an impression more visible through physical, photographic, chemical, or digital methods	43
2171702375	Retention Time	time required for a substance to travel from the injection port to the detector in a gas or liquid chromatographic system	44
2171702376	Mass Spectrometry	technique based of the detection of vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative analysis	45
2171702377	Chemical Ionization	a type of mass spectrometry in which a molecule reacts under relatively low energy with a reagent gas rather than fragmenting extensively	46
2171702378	NIST	national institute of standards and technology	47
2171702379	LC-MS	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a technique that replaces a gas chromatograph with a liquid chromatograph	48
2171702380	AAS	atomic absorption spectroscopy; technique for metal analysis utilizing the reduction of a metal in a solution to an atom, usually by a flame	49
2171702381	NAA	neutron activation analysis; technique for metal analysis utilizing the characteristics of emitted radiation for the detection and quantitation of metals	50
2171702382	Nucleus	cellular organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope; it encloses the chromosomes during the interphase	51
2171702383	ICP-MS	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy; modern technique for metal analysis that utilizes radio frequency energy for the detection and quantitation of metals	52
2171702384	Isotopes	chemical element that exits in alternate forms containing identical numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons	53
2171702385	Toxicogenomics	field of science that deals with how genomes respond to toxins	54
2171702386	LD50	quantity of a substance that kills 50 percent of the population	55
2171702387	GC-MS	acronym for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry	56
2171702388	Who was the first to use fingerprinting as a method of identification on a large scale?	Sir William Hershel-1856	57
2171702389	Who was the first to devise a method of classification based on fingerprints?	Dr. Henry Faulds-1880	58
2171702390	Who's was the first official use of a fingerprint in the United States?	Gilbert Thompson-1882	59
2171702391	What were Sir Francis Galton's calculations of the odds of two individual fingerprints being the same?	1 in 64 billion	60
2171702392	Who began the first fingerprint files?	Juan Vucetich -1891	61
2171702393	When was the first criminal fingerprint identification made?	1892	62
2171702394	When was the introduction of fingerprints for criminal identification in England and Wales?	1901	63
2171702395	What is the classification system for fingerprinting used in all English speaking countries called?	Henry Classification System	64
2171702396	What does AFIS stand for?	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	65
2171702397	What does the AFIS do?	Provides: -Automated fingerprint search -latent print searching capability -electronic image storage -electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses 24/7	66
2171702398	What does the acronym CPIN stand for? How does it work?	C-Commonwealth P-Photo I-Imaging N-Network A computer network that extends PA and is used to record and store digital photos of crime suspects	67
2171702399	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	68
2171702400	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	69
2171702401	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	70
2171702402	Entomology	the study of insects.	71
2171702403	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	72
2171702404	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	73
2171702405	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	74
2171702406	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	75
2171702407	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	76
2171702408	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	77
2171702409	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	78
2171702410	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	79
2171702411	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	80
2171702412	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	81
2171702413	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	82
2171702414	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	83
2171702415	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	84
2171702416	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	85
2171702417	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	86
2171702418	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	87
2171702419	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	88
2171702420	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	89
2171702421	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	90
2171702422	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	91
2171702423	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	92
2171702424	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	93
2171702425	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	94
2171702426	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	95
2171702427	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	96
2171702428	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	97
2171702429	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	98
2171702430	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	99
2171702431	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	100
2171702432	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	101
2171702433	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	102
2171702434	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	103
2171702435	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	104
2171702436	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	105
2171702437	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	106
2171702438	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	107
2171702439	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	108
2171702440	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	109
2171702441	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	110
2171702442	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	111
2171702443	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	112
2171702444	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	113
2171702445	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	114
2171702446	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	115
2171702447	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	116
2171702448	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	117
2171702449	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	118
2171702450	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	119
2171702451	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	120
2171702452	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	121
2171702453	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	122
2171702454	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	123
2171702455	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	124
2171702456	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	125
2171702457	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	126
2171702458	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	127
2171702459	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	128
2171702460	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	129
2171702461	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	130
2171702462	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	131
2171702463	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	132
2171702464	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	133
2171702465	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	134
2171702466	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	135
2171702467	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	136
2171702468	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	137
2171702469	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	138
2171702470	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	139
2171702471	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	140
2171702472	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	141
2171702473	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	142
2171702474	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	143
2171702475	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	144
2171702476	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	145
2171702477	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	146
2171702478	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	147
2171702479	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	148
2171702480	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	149
2171702481	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	150
2171702482	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	151
2171702483	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	152
2171702484	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	153
2171702485	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	154
2171702486	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	155
2171702487	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	156
2171702488	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	157
2171702489	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	158
2171702490	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	159
2171702491	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	160
2171702492	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	161
2171702493	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	162
2171702494	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	163
2171702495	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	164
2171702496	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	165
2171702497	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	166
2171702498	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	167
2171702499	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	168
2171702500	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	169
2171702501	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	170
2171702502	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	171
2171702503	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	172
2171702504	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	173
2171702505	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	174
2171702506	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	175
2171702507	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	176
2171702508	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	177
2171702509	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	178
2171702510	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	179
2171702511	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	180
2171702512	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	181
2171702513	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	182
2171702514	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	183
2171702515	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	184
2171702516	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	185
2171702517	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	186
2171702518	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	187
2171702519	Pathology	The study of disease	188
2171702520	Biopsy	Examination of a tissue sample	189
2171702521	Theory	A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena	190
2171702522	Autopsy	An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.	191
2171702523	Cytopathology	study of the diseases of cells	192
2171702524	Clinical pathology	Involves the analysis and interpretation of the chemical, hormonal, and biochemical components of body fluids to determine whether a disease is present	193
2171702525	Microbiology	Involves the testing and diagnosis of material to determine which infectious organism is infecting or investing the patient	194
2171702526	Histopathology	Microscopic analysis of diseased tissue	195
2171702527	Hematopathology	Diagnosis blood disease And blood forming organs	196
2171702528	Neuropathologist	Focuses on disease of the nervous system	197
2171702529	Dermatopathology	Focuses on skin diseases	198
2171702530	Forensic pathology	Main effort is to determine the cause of death and the circumstances of how the death occurred	199
2171702531	Coroner	Word comes a from the Anglo-Norman word corouner, a word derived from coroune ("crown"). May not be physician/ pathologist. Usually decides if an autopsy is needed then hires a hospital/ forensic pathologist to perform. Is given past medical records and injuries	200
2171702532	Medical Examiner	Forensic pathologist (death investigator) Does not work from a medical chart. Examining clothes is very important in establishing how the death occurred	201
2171702533	CT	Computed tomography	202
2171702534	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	203
2171702535	Postmortem interval	Time of death	204
2171702536	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body; normal temp is approx 98.6° and this is maintained 1-3 hours after death then the body begins to cool at a rate of approx 1° per hour	205
2171702537	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body; occurs when the heart stops beating, the blood stops circulating and stagnates.	206
2171702538	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the body; begins 20 minutes after death with the smaller muscles of the jaw then continues over the next 6-12 hours and over the next 12-24 hours disappears ually in the same way it appeared	207
2171702539	Postmortem lividity	the setting of the blood in the body after death, which results in a blue/purple discoloration of the skin	208
2171702540	Contusion	A black or blue injury	209
2171702541	Cadaveric spasm	The muscles contract forcibly at the moment of death	210
2171702542	Autolysis	Self loosen; occurs inside the body and affects internal organs, including the brain.	211
2171702543	Marbling	Greenish discoloration begins around the belly button and the numerous veins beneath the skin become visible and may also show greenish discoloration	212
2171702544	Mummification	The skin shrinks and dries, occurs under specific environmental conditions	213
2171702545	Adipocere	Waxy fat; happens with bodies under water	214
2171702546	Floaters	Decomposed bodies ; wet floaters found in water and dry floaters are found on land	215
2171702547	Macerated	softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture	216
2171702548	Skeletonization	The end result of decomp.. Accelerated by bugs who have infested the body.	217
2171702549	Forensic entomologist	Person who studies bugs; can determine the approximate postmortem interval based on the type and stage of the insect larvae present	218
2171702550	Presumptive ID	Identification found on a persons unidentifiable body that is not considered an ID. A positive ID must be made, usually done by friends or relatives.	219
2171702551	Forensic odontologist	Forensic dentist; can examine and x-ray the teeth and compare to files of the deceaseds local dentist.	220
2171702552	Forensic anthropologist	Person who studies bones; can help determine the age, sex, race, and approx height. PHYSICAL anthro can reconstruct an accurate face from a skull.	221
2171702553	Manner of death	How death occurred; 5 possibilities - natural -accidental -suicide -homicide -undetermined	222
2171702554	Pericardium	Firbrous sac that encloses the heart. Opened during an autopsy to remove the heart.	223
2171702555	Arteriosclerosis	Hardening of the arteries	224
2171702556	Myocardial Infarction	The blockage of blood to the heart resulting I'm the death of the heart muscle	225
2171702557	Small intestines	Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum	226
2171702558	Meninges	Membranes that surround the brain.	227
2171702559	Dura mater	(Meninges) lies just beneath the internal surface of the skull; firm, touch, and fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the brain.	228
2171702560	Epidural hemmorhage	Hemorrhage due to trauma between the dura mater and the skull	229
2171702561	Subdural hemorrhage	Blood lies below the dura mater	230
2171702562	Arachnoid	Two filmy, thin, transparent membranes that cover the brain directly below the mater	231
2171702563	Pia mater	The transparent innermost membrane covering the brain	232
2171702564	Leptomenginges	The almost inseparable combination of the delicate middle arachnoid (spider-web like membrane) and the transparent inner membrane covering the brain, the pia mater	233
2171702565	Provisional anatomic diagnoses	A listing made of the autopsy findings made by a forensic pathologist	234

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LPN Pediatrics Flashcards

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4503280248	Increased ICP	Bulging fontanelle, decreased consciousness, headache, seizures, and vomiting	0
4503280249	Wilm's Tumor Contradiction	Do not palpate abdomen preoperatively b/c capsule may rupture and cause tumor spillage	1
4503280250	Rheumatic Fever Damage	Occurs secondary to an infection, often strep. Cardiac valve leaflets scar, leading to valvular stenosis and regurgitation	2
4503280251	Rheumatic Fever Care	Bedrest until sed rate decreases, penicillin daily to decrease risk of strep, promote rest and decrease stress on heart	3
4503280252	Cystic Fibrosis	Increased viscosity of secretions obstruct small passageways of the organs and interferes with normal pulmonary and digestive functioning	4
4503280253	Sweat Test Analyzes	Diagnostic for C.F. that analyzes sodium and chloride content in sweat. Greater than 60 indicates C.F.	5
4503280254	Cystic Fibrosis Death	Result of resistant pulmonary organisms, fibrosis, and lung tissue destruction	6
4503280255	HIV Mother-Infant Transfer	Across the placenta. At the time of birth. Through breast milk	7
4503280256	Infant HIV Testing	Can take up to 18 month for diagnosis. Tests scheduled at birth, 3 months, 6 months, 12, 15, and 18 months	8
4503280257	Eliza Test	Test done after maternal antibodies have disappeared	9
4503280258	HIV Infant Immunizations	On schedule, except no live vaccines given	10
4503280259	Leukemia	Bone marrow infiltration by immature WBC's crowds out stem cells that are normally produced RBC's and platelets	11
4503280260	Leukemia Testing	Bone marrow aspiration is definitive test, usually obtained from iliac crest	12
4503280261	Leukemia Combination Chemo	Induction - induces remission. Intensification - Maintains remission. Maintenance and CNS Prophylaxis - eliminate leukemic cells in CNS	13
4503280262	Otitis Media	Inflammation of the middle ear. Caused by blocked Eustachian tubes which are shorter and straighter in children	14
4503280263	Myringotomy and Tympanostomy	Tubes which continually drain and ventilate the middle ear	15
4503280264	Tonsillitis	Inflammation of the tonsils from bacterial or viral infection. Strep is often the bacterial cause	16
4503280265	Viral Tonsillitis Pain Relief	Saltwater gargles, throat lozenges, anesthetic sprays and Tylenol	17
4503280266	Bacterial Tonsillitis Treatment	Antibiotics for 10 to 14 days	18
4503280267	Tonsillectomy Post-Op	Analgesics and ice collar, hemorrhage observation, dehydration prevention, expect sore throat, return to school in 10 days	19
4503280268	Types of Neural Tube Defects	Spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele	20
4503280269	Neural Tube Defect Causes	Folic acid deficiency during the first trimester of pregnancy	21
4503280270	NTD Sac Contents and Repair	Sac contains meninges, CSF, and portion of the spinal cord. Repaired within 48 hours of life	22
4503280271	NTD Infant Positions	Preoperatively - side or abdomen with saline soaked dressing. Postoperatively - prone until site is healed. Keep free of pressure and clean	23
4503280272	Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel	Clean intermittent straight catheterization is important. Bowel management program including increased fluids, high-fiber, pattern for bowel evacuation with suppositories	24
4503280273	Cleft Lip & Palate Causes	Heredity, environmental, and teratogenic factors	25
4503280274	Early Correction of Cleft	Effective clearing of the airway, feeding, normal speech patterns, and avoid orthodontic problems	26
4503280275	Cleft Pre-Op	Resp status during feeds, feed in upright position, feed slowly and burp frequently, and display acceptance of child and observe parental reaction	27
4503280276	Cleft Post-Op	Resp distress, use of special feeding devices, position on unaffected side, prevent sucking and crying for 7 days, analgesics, elbow restraints, speech therapy, good dental hygiene	28
4503280277	Pyloric Stenosis	Obstruction of lower end of stomach caused by a hypertrophy of the circular muscles of the pylorus	29
4503280278	Pyloric Stenosis Dehydration Assessment	Sunken fontanel, inelastic skin, decreased urination, and dry mucous membranes	30
4503280279	Pyloric Stenosis Symptoms	Projectile vomiting, irritability, hunger, palpable abdominal mass in RUQ, and delayed gastric emptying	31
4503280280	Pyloromyotomy Post-Op	Clear liquids given 4-6 hours after surgery, infant placed on right side, I V hydration, observe for redness, swelling and drainage, report vomiting, abdominal tenderness, or fever	32
4503280281	Infant Senses	Vision - 8 to 12 inches in front. Hearing - Well developed and recognizes mom. Smell & Taste - prefer sweet and recognizes mom. Touch - is important to facilitate trust and comfort	33
4503280282	Reyes Syndrome	Life threatening swelling of brain and liver, most often affecting children and teens. Linked to aspirin use	34
4503280283	Ritalin	Medications used for ADHD. CNS Stimulant	35
4503280284	Phenergan	Promethazine, anti-nausea, anti-emetic, antihistamine	36
4503280285	Tetracycline	Antibiotic. Do not give with milk products, do not give to pregnant women or children before age 8 or damage to tooth enamel occurs	37
4503280286	Ipecac Syrup	Induces vomiting. Certain poisons cannot be vomited without first being diluted. Call poison control	38
4503280287	Solu-Medrol	Corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation	39
4503280288	Imferon	Injection of iron, given z-track method	40
4503280289	Dilantin	Anticonvulsant. Stop use with rash. Teach importance of oral hygiene b/c of gingival hyperplasia	41
4503280290	Luminal	Anticonvulsant, Barbiturate	42
4503280291	Slo-Phyllin	Bronchodilator used with asthma	43
4503280292	Proventil	Bronchodilator albuterol for asthma, short acting	44
4503280293	ASA	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory for pain and fever relief	45
4503280294	Lanoxin	Digoxin, antiarrhythmic, heart failure, atrial fibrillation	46
4503280295	Pancreatic Enzymes	Given with meals to aid in digestion of starches, fats and proteins	47
4503280296	Epinephrine	Hormone produced by body, aka adrenaline. Dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.	48

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