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Campbell AP Biology 8th edition chapter 9 Flashcards

3323655087	proton-motive force	the potential energy stored in the form of a proton electron chemical gradient	0
3323655088	oxidative phosphorylation	the production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transporation	1
3323655089	oxidation	the complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction	2
3323655090	substrate level phosphorylation	the enzyme catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group	3
3323655091	facultative anaerobe	an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present	4
3323655092	anaerobic respiration	a catabolic pathway in which in organic molecules other than oxygen accept electrons	5
3323655093	ATP synthase	a complex of several membrane proteins that functions in electron transport chains; produces ATP by using the H+ gradient	6
3323655094	beta oxidation	a metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to 2-carbon fragments	7
3323655095	cellular respiration	catabolic pathways of aerobic and anarobic respiration	8
3323655096	chemiosmosis	an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a semi-permeable membrane	9
3323655097	alcohol fermentation	glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol	10
3323655098	aerobic respiration	a catabolic pathway for organic molecules	11
3323655099	acetyl CoA	entry compound for the critic acid cycle in cellular respiration	12
3323655100	cytochrome	an iron-containing protein that is a component of electron transport claims in the mitochondria and chloroplasts	13
3323655101	electron transport chain	sequence of electron carrier molecules	14
3323655102	kreb's cycle (citric acid)	chemical cycle involving 8 steps	15
3323655103	fermentation	a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP	16
3323655104	NAD+	a coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized and reduced reactions (oxidized form)	17
3323655105	lactic acid fermentation	glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate	18
3323655106	glycolysis	a series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate; occurs in cytosol	19
3323655107	reducing agent	the electron donor in a redox reaction	20
3323655108	reduction	the complete or partial addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reduction	21
3323655109	redox reaction	chemical reaction involving the complete or partial transfer of 1 or more electrons	22
3323655110	oxidizing agent	the electron acceptor in a redox reaction	23
3334158605	NADH	a coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized and reduced reactions (reduced form)	24

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Campbell AP Biology 8th edition chapter 9 Flashcards

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3323655087	proton-motive force	the potential energy stored in the form of a proton electron chemical gradient	0
3323655088	oxidative phosphorylation	the production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transporation	1
3323655089	oxidation	the complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction	2
3323655090	substrate level phosphorylation	the enzyme catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group	3
3323655091	facultative anaerobe	an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present	4
3323655092	anaerobic respiration	a catabolic pathway in which in organic molecules other than oxygen accept electrons	5
3323655093	ATP synthase	a complex of several membrane proteins that functions in electron transport chains; produces ATP by using the H+ gradient	6
3323655094	beta oxidation	a metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to 2-carbon fragments	7
3323655095	cellular respiration	catabolic pathways of aerobic and anarobic respiration	8
3323655096	chemiosmosis	an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a semi-permeable membrane	9
3323655097	alcohol fermentation	glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol	10
3323655098	aerobic respiration	a catabolic pathway for organic molecules	11
3323655099	acetyl CoA	entry compound for the critic acid cycle in cellular respiration	12
3323655100	cytochrome	an iron-containing protein that is a component of electron transport claims in the mitochondria and chloroplasts	13
3323655101	electron transport chain	sequence of electron carrier molecules	14
3323655102	kreb's cycle (citric acid)	chemical cycle involving 8 steps	15
3323655103	fermentation	a catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP	16
3323655104	NAD+	a coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized and reduced reactions (oxidized form)	17
3323655105	lactic acid fermentation	glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate	18
3323655106	glycolysis	a series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate; occurs in cytosol	19
3323655107	reducing agent	the electron donor in a redox reaction	20
3323655108	reduction	the complete or partial addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reduction	21
3323655109	redox reaction	chemical reaction involving the complete or partial transfer of 1 or more electrons	22
3323655110	oxidizing agent	the electron acceptor in a redox reaction	23
3334158605	NADH	a coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized and reduced reactions (reduced form)	24

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Virus Flashcards

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3851515673	DNA Viruses	Hep, Herpes, Adenoviridae, Poxviridae	0
3851521756	Virus inner shell called, made of	Capsid (holds DNA or RNA), protein	1
3851523547	Steps for Self-Replication	Adsorption, Penetration and Uncoating, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release (exocytosis or lysis(	2
3851531036	Envelope of virus is made of	lipid bilayer	3
3851555669	Acyclovir and Valacyclovir: Effective against	Herpes virus	4
3851556901	Acyclovir and Valacyclovir: Which viruses	Varicella zoster, Epstein Barr	5
3851558663	Acyclovir and Valacyclovir: How aadministered	topical, systemic	6
3851561029	Acyclovir and Valacyclovir: MOA	Inhibits DNA replication	7
3851564610	Acyclovir and Valacyclovir: Inhibits what enzyme?	DNA polymerase	8
3851566617	Valacyclovir is converted in	Intestines and liver	9
3851574731	Amantadine and Rimantadine: Use	Influenza A	10
3851577973	Amantadine and Rimantadine: MOA	Block un-coating and block assembly of vital components	11
3851581848	Amantadine and Rimantadine: Adverse Effects	CNS, OD- seizures	12
3851587138	Famiciclovir and Peniciclovir: Use	Cold sores (Herpes Zoster/Genital Herpes)	13
3851591832	What 2 drugs are activated within infected cells and then inhibit viral DNA synthesis/replication?	Acyclovir (Valacyclovir) and Penicyclovir (Famiciclovir)	14
3851602331	Adverse Effects Famiciclovir and Peniciclovir	Irritation over site (topical), Some HA, dizziness, GI (oral)	15
3851611962	Protease Inhibitors	Inhibit HIV protease	16
3851613407	Protease Inhibitors MOA	prevent cleavage of polypeptide precursors, prevents maturation	17
3851616951	Protease Inhibitors Adverse Effects	Lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome	18
3851632698	Protease inhibitors: Combine with __ to have therapeutic effect at a lower dose	Ritonair	19
3851636979	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Use	HIV-1	20
3851638586	Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: MOA	Act on HIV reverse transcriptase (reduce proliferation, halt progress)	21
3851652289	NRTI: inhibit, act as a	RNA to DNA, false nucleic acid	22
3851660814	NNRTI: act on	different site for same enzyme	23
3851662240	RTI Adverse effect	blood dyscrasias (anemia and zidovudine)	24
3851664171	NRTI Adverse Effect	Myopathies, peripheral neuropathies	25
3851665656	NNRTI Adverse Effect	Skin rashes	26
3851670993	Ribavarin Use	RSV (respiratory syncythial virus), Influenza A and B, Hep C (combine with interferons)	27
3851673590	Ribavarin MOA	Inhalation, Impair mRNA synthesis	28
3851675001	Ribavarin Adverse Effects	Conjunctivitis- contact with eyes	29
3851681414	Interferons activate __ to limit excess cell division	lymphocytes and cytotoxic cells	30
3851684714	Type 1 Interferons (alpha and beta) combat	Virus	31
3851686941	Type 2 (gamma) produces__ and combats __	T lymphocytes, inflammation	32
3851693869	Role of Oncogenes	Interferons inhibit specific gene regulatory segments of tumor cells, this stops excess proliferation and lack of cell differentiation (anti-cancer)	33
3851696602	Type 1 Interferons helpful for	Helpful for Hep B and C, MS type 1	34
3851705347	Adverse effects interferons	Flu-like, behavioral	35
3851707643	Vaccines are __-like	antigen	36
3851709192	HIV and AIDS belong to __ family	retrovirus	37
3851711035	HIV 1 or 2 is more prevalent	1	38
3851712722	HIV has what neurological involvement?	neuropathies, myopathies	39
3851712723	Tx	HAART	40
3851713847	HAART example	2 RTI and 1 protease inhibitor	41
3851716802	HAART reduces	viral load	42
3851720056	even if viral load decreases, there can still be some in __ and other reservoirs	T cells	43

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Purdue HTM 341 Exam 1 Flashcards

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2189308578	Profit	Profit= Revenue-Expenses OR Taxes+ NI	0
2189311106	Basic Control Process	1.Establish performance standards from the goals of the operation 2. Establish methods to monitor actual results 3. Compare results with standards 4. Take action to improve or maintain performance	1
2189316632	Solving control problems	1. Be aware that the problem exists 2. Determine the cause of the problem 3. Identify the possible solutions to the problem 4. Implement the most appropriate solutions 5. Follow-up to insure the success of the solutions	2
2189320246	Management control alternatives	1. Focus control accountability 2. Establish standards 3. Establish procedures 4. Training 5. Set good example 6. Observe and correct employee action 7. Establish consequences for poor performance 8. Establish rewards for good performance 9. Require records and reports 10. Prepare and follow budgets	3
2189327136	Standards in business environment	1. Financial 2. Quality 3. Quantity	4
2189330786	Selection and design of the alternatives should be based upon what?	1. Controls must work 2. Controls should closely correspond to the overall goals of the operation 3. Control should be easily understandable to management and to whom it applies. 4. Controls do not unduly interfere with each other 5. Controls must be cost effective 6. Control should be consistent with the desired normal operation 7. Controls must act quick enough to affect performance	5
2189336067	Cost control definition.	is the establishment and maintenance of cost at an acceptable level given the operation's objectives, sales, human resources, equipment, environment and other operational factors.	6
2189340096	Source of standards?	History, industry results, sister unit results and self-generated	7
2189343974	Cost$	cost$=revenue x cost%	8
2189346048	Controllable costs	are costs over which one has influence	9
2189346803	Uncontrollable costs	are costs over which one doesn't have influence	10
2189348225	three basic cost behaviors	variable, fixed, semi-variable	11
2189350091	Variable costs	costs in which the total cost changes in the same portion as changes in business volume. Monitor through %	12
2189420554	Fixed costs	are costs in which the total cost doesn't change with variations in business volume. Monitor through $	13
2189461625	Semi-Variable costs	is a cost that is composed of both a fixed and variable component. Monitor through both $ & %	14
2189477002	Methods to find total labor costs	1. Min/Max method 2. Regression analysis 3. Scatter Gram Analysis	15
2189482879	Max/Min Method	Step1. Find which months have highest and lowest revenues. Record values and find the difference. Step2. VC%=Change in cost/change in revenue Step3. Total cost-variable cost=FxC	16
2189489100	Regression analysis	Find the toady of x(revenue), y(cost), (xy) and (x^2)... Just look in the book 2-15. This shit sucks.	17
2189519710	Scatter gram	Plot the revenue values on x skis and the labor costs along the y axis. The point at which the line intersects the vertical axis is the estimated fixed cost component.	18
2189523417	Operating leverage	The mix of variable and fixed costs is called operating leverage. when revenues increase, operations with a higher operating leverage have the greater increase in profit. When revenues are declining, having high operating leverage is undesirable. There are two primary factors in the selection of operating leverage 1. forecast of revenues 2. attitudes toward risk. leverage of an operation is affected by 2 primary factors 1. the nature of the industry and 2. mgmt policy	19
2189589693	Direct Cost	is a cost that has been incurred for the benefit of a single department	20
2189590629	indirect costs	costs that are incur for the benefit of more than one department	21
2189591750	Common allocation methods	each department receives an equal amount or dividing the cost among the departments according to # of employees, revenue, area measured in ft^2, departmental direct cost, or departmental employee turnover.	22
2189596973	Square footage	look on page 2-25	23
2189605187	Revenue	look on page 2-26	24
2189608232	direct cost	look on page 2-27	25
2189619554	Benefits of using the uniform system for income statements	1. make comparisons with other operational practical 2. leads to consistent accounting practices 3. save time in developing an accounting system	26
2189622028	Prime cost	sum of cost of sales and labor costs	27
2189623847	Cost % ?	Cost % = cost $ / total sales	28
2189623848	Sales % ?	Sales % = sales $ / total sales	29
2189625799	food cost % ?	Food cost % = food cost $ / food sales	30
2189626847	Beverage cost % ?	Beverage cost % = beverage cost $ / beverage sales	31
2189701405	Analysis of the P&L provides several benefits for management:	1. Document mgmt.'s success in meeting financial goals 2. helps identify problem areas 3.helps identify areas performing well 4. provides a guide to determining the depth of the problems 5. sets priorities for manager's day 6. helps establish goals for future periods	32
2189708304	Analyzing an income statement	1. determine overall financial success of the operation 2. determine overal performance of revenue and cost categories 3. determine performance represented by individual lines 4. search for explanation of results	33
2189715490	income statement analysis process:	1. Look at the bottom line! 2. Revenue 3. Cost behavior (vc, fc, svc) 4. Ask why?	34
2189742460	Cost volume profit	Break even analysis	35
2189744876	CVP for graphic and algebraic methods	rely on three facts: 1. fc for the period in question 2. average unit vc for the period 3. average price of products/services for the period	36
2189748742	CM	CM=Price-VC	37
2189752106	BEu	BEu= FxC/CM	38
2189753314	Pu	Pu=Profic/CM	39
2189754981	Su	Su=(FxC+Profit)/CM	40
2189757114	S$	S$= Su x Average price or S$= (FxC+ Profit) / CR	41
2189758089	VR	VR= VC/Price	42
2189762907	CR	CR= CM/Price	43
2189764398	Already have VR OR CR?	1= VR+ CR	44
2189788611	NIBT	NI/(1- Tax rate)	45
2189821258	Change in Su=?	Change in Su= (Change in FxC+ Change in pf)/cm	46
2189823580	Change in S$=?	Change in S$= (Change in FxC+ Change in pf)/cr	47
2189825111	Goal for menu planning	Select products that will meet the needs and desires of the operation's clients and the financial goals of the operation. Decide upon the appropriate production method, delivery method, service style, price and position of the item on the menu.	48
2189840095	average menu mix percentage=	(1/#of items)x 70%	49

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the twenties Flashcards

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3276365265	what political party were all the presidents in this decade	republican	0
3276368359	who was fighting in the Russian Revolution	reds vs. whites	1
3276369874	who led the reds in the Russian revolution	Lenin (communist party)	2
3276371446	when was the red scare	1919-1920	3
3276374342	what caused the red scare	communist revolutions abroad, Russian Revolution, strikes because shortage of jobs	4
3276377457	xenophobia	fear of foreigners	5
3276379772	what revolution did lenin call for	revolution of workers	6
3276384006	schenk vs USA	says the government can restrict the 1st amendment right to freedom of speech in time of war, constitutional rights are not absolute	7
3276393319	who was the supreme court justice in schenk vs. usa	oliver wendell holmes	8
3276397587	oliver wendell holmes	who is this	9
3276405166	Palmer Raids	attorney general A. Mitchell Palmer arrests several thousand suspected communists	10
3276407517	what prompted the Palmer Raids	red scare and bombings in several cities	11
3276409210	A. Mitchell Palmer	who is this	12
3276416641	Sacco and Vanzetti	italian immigrants accused for murder and robbery, convicted and executed by the electric chair	13
3276419766	who are the poster boys for xenophobia	Sacco and Vanzetti	14
3276423232	who was the judge in the Sacco and Vanzetti trial	Judge Thayer	15
3276423233	Sacco and Vanzetti	who is this	16
3276430967	what did the 1921 and 1924 immigration acts do	set quotas on number of immigrants from areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa	17
3276436331	what part of Europe were any number of immigrants allowed to come from	western Europe	18
3276444637	Boston Police Strike 1919	governor Calvin Coolidge sent National Guard into Boston after striking police officers were fired	19
3276449415	can emergency services go on strike	no it is illegal	20
3276451025	Calvin Coolidge	who is this	21
3276456721	why were union movements weakened during the twenties	higher wages, mass production industries that aren't skilled based, management hostile to labor unions, have to pay union dues, red scare	22
3276462713	who are the three presidents in the twenties	Harding, Coolidge, Hoover	23
3276464988	what were the main republican policies	pro big business, reject progressive era forms	24
3276468023	what was the democratic party split between	rural populists and urban progressives	25
3276473858	who wins the 1920 election	Harding	26
3276475531	what is Harding's campaign slogan	"return to normalcy" (before WWI and progressives)	27
3276479191	what was Harding's main policies	reduce the role of the government in the economy, higher tarrifs, lower taxes, isolationism	28
3276481133	The Poker Cabinet	Harding's cabinet that included old buddies	29
3276490990	Teapot Dome Affair	Secretary of Interior Albert Fall sold government oil leases for personal gain	30
3276515480	which president was involved with Teapot Dome Affair	harding	31
3276517627	who is the 1st cabinet member to go to prison	Albert Fall	32
3276530850	why did the USA not join the league of nations	Harding pushed for isolationism, article in treaty stated that if one country in the league is attacked then the rest of the members have to fight for them	33
3276544893	Washington Naval Conference 1921	several nations agree to limit size of navies (saves them $$$)	34
3276548372	what countries were involved in the Washington Naval Conference	Great Britain, France, USA, Japan, Italy	35
3276554966	what president did the Washington naval conference occur under	harding	36
3276556029	president Harding	who is this	37
3276563492	1920 election map	what election map is this	38
3276569286	who takes over when Harding dies in 1923	Calvin Coolidge	39
3276574119	what type of appointments does Coolidge make to the supreme court	conservative appointments	40
3276575395	who wins 1924 election	coolidge	41
3276577532	who runs as a progressive in 1924 election	Lafollete	42
3276577533	1924 election map	which election is this	43
3276586673	what type of government does Coolidge believe in	Laissez Faire or "the business of government is business"	44
3276590211	who is secretary of treasury under Coolidge	Andrew Mellon	45
3276592527	who does Coolidge cut taxes on	corporations and the wealthy	46
3276593796	Coolidge's foreign policy	mostly isolationists except still police officer in western hemisphere, control most latin american countries foreign policies (informal imperialism/dollar policy)	47
3276606331	where does Coolidge send marines in 1927	nicaraugua	48
3276606332	why does Coolidge send marines into nicauragua	to put down rebellion led by Augusto Sandino	49
3276609751	Augusto Sandino	who is this	50
3276621104	Nicaragua 1927	where are these marines	51
3276632287	Sadinistas	whose flag is this	52
3276642788	why does Coolidge choose not to run in 1928	doesn't like being president	53
3276645138	who wins 1928 election	Herbert Hoover	54
3276648599	what was Hoover's previous role before he was president	secretary of commerce under Harding/Coolidge	55
3276649923	Herbert Hoover	who is this	56
3276654836	1928 election	which election map is this	57
3276659571	why does the consumer economy boom	increased consumer borrowing and spending	58
3276660987	what are installment plans	buying things on credit	59
3276664334	examples of new electric products in the 1920s	vacuum cleaners, irons, oven	60
3276667349	what was the major electrical company in 1920s	general electric	61
3276669856	why did farmers suffer during the 1920s	mechanization, rising production cost, overproduction	62
3276673918	Henry Ford w/ the first car he made	what is this	63
3276687769	what company leads in the automobile industry	Ford Motor Company	64
3276728397	why was Ford Motor Company so succesful	used the assembly line to produce cars cheaper so lower classes could buy them	65
3276740779	how often were Ford cars built	one every 24 seconds (built half the world's car 1907-1924)	66
3276746945	what industries did the automobile business impact	steel, sheet glass, rubber, petroleum	67
3276759807	how many people could fit in the runabout car	2	68
3276761195	how many people could fit in the touring car	4	69
3276812206	why was it called the roaring twenties	there was a roaring pace of change	70
3276814916	why did roadside attractions begin to pop up	people were beginning to travel long distances in cars	71
3276816742	examples of new roadside attractions	gas stations, roads, diners, motels	72
3276824544	what were flappers characterized as	rebellious women with short hair, makeup, and short skirts	73
3276825841	Clara Bow	role model for many flappers, and actress	74
3276827700	Clara Bow	who is this	75
3276832019	how did most women vote	like their male counterparts	76
3276834199	what was the popular dance in the 1920's	the charleston	77
3276834200	the charleston	what dance is this	78
3276840393	what did the industrial growth result in	increase in suburbs	79
3276843640	Charles Lindbergh	first man to fly the Atlantic Solo (did it in 33.5 Hours and landed in Paris)	80
3276846934	what was Charles Lindbergh's plane called	Spirit of St. Louis	81
3276849451	what was Charles Lindbergh's nickname	"Lucky Lindy"	82
3276852504	Charles Lindbergh	who is this	83
3276860009	Amelia Earhart	first woman to solo fly the Atlantic	84
3276861126	Amelia Earhart	who is this	85
3276863161	Jack Dempsey	heavy weight champion of the world	86
3276864277	Jack Dempsey	who is this	87
3276866718	Lou Gherig	baseball player for the Yankees in the 1920's and 1930's	88
3276871921	Babe Ruth	home run king for Yankees, hit 66 home runs in one season	89
3276878055	what was Babe Ruth's nickname	"Sultan of Swat"	90
3276879685	how long did Babe Ruth's home run record last	40 years	91
3276880801	Gertrude Ederle	first woman to swim the english channel (broke men's record by 2 hours)	92
3276890802	Babe Dridrikison Zaharias	woman Olympic track star and golfer	93
3276896352	Bobby Jones	famous golfer	94
3276900809	Knute Rockne	football star and coach at Notre Dame	95
3276910328	Red Grange	football player that makes pro football big	96
3276914975	Helen Wills	women's tennis champ	97
3276919568	Big Bill Tilden	men's tennis champ	98
3276949417	when did movies begin to have sound	1927	99
3276949418	what was the first "talkie"	The Jazz Singer w/ Al Jolson	100
3276966571	Charlie Chaplin	silent movie star and talkie film "the little tramp"	101
3276977338	what was the 1st radio station	KDKA	102
3276977339	who founded jazz	Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington	103
3276992332	W.C Handy	father of the blues, born in Florence AL	104
3277000120	what was a famous piano song	Gherswin's Rhapsody in Blue	105
3277031077	who were famous artists in the 1920s	Edward Hopper, Georgia O'Keefe	106
3277034881	what were most pieces of art characterized by	yellow and red bright colors in response to WWI	107
3277037976	Lost Generation of Writers	writers who were disillusioned with american society in the 1920's	108
3277047543	popular writers in 1920s	Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald	109
3277049573	where was Fitzgerald's wife Zelda from	Montgomery	110
3277052190	Harlem Renaissance	blacks using arts to express black pride	111
3277054416	Langston Hughes	black poet	112
3277059877	Volstead Act	law enforcement act of Prohibition	113
3277060891	bootleggers	people who supplied illegal alcohol	114
3277062376	speakeasies	illegal bars	115
3277064017	how did gangs make money in the 1920s	bootlegging wiskey	116
3277068629	Al Capone	famous Chicago gangster	117
3277080552	where did gangsters import alcohol from	canada	118
3277081608	St. Valentines Day Massacre	Al Capone's men gunned down rival gang	119
3277086373	Elliot Ness	treasury agent that convicts Capone for tax evasion in 1932	120
3277098015	Fundamentalism	christian movement in 1920s	121
3277102513	Billy Sunday	preacher who broadcasts his sermons every week	122
3277105814	Aimee Semple McPherson	another preacher who broadcast her ideas	123
3277112823	Scopes Trial	John Scopes found guilty for teaching evolution in school	124
3277120268	who was scopes defended by and prosecuted by	defended by Clarence Darrow, prosecuted by Williams Jennings Bryan	125
3277126434	where was the KKK centered in 1920s	midwest	126
3277128372	who were the KKK against	immigrants, catholics, jewish, blacks (because stole their jobs during war)	127
3277130983	what was motto for KKK	"save our land, join the klan"	128
3277132669	who had largest KKK membership in 1920s	Indiana	129
3277135621	Birth of A Nation	a film based on a clansman	130
3277138831	Marcus Garvey	black who encouraged blacks to emigrate to Africa and establish their own country and government, created Universal Negro Improvement Association	131
3277147655	what was the first cartoon	Mickey Mouse as steamboat Willie	132
3277169834	Adkins vs. Children's hospital	gave women minimum wage in DC	133
3277171144	welfare capitalism	a system of labor relations that stressed management's responsibility for employees well being	134
3277180871	Sheppard-Towner Federal Maternity and Infancy Act	first federally funded health care legislation	135
3277189723	American Civil Liberties Union	formed during red scare to protect free speech rights	136
3277191936	National Orgins Act	established quota for immigrants	137
3277216131	soft power	the exercise of popular cultural influence	138

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forensic medicine Flashcards

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5019810331	drowning-type of death	asphyxial death	0
5019810931	types of drowning	typical and atypical	1
5019813343	typical drowning	wet drowning	2
5019814334	fresh water drowning features	haemodilition hypervolemia hyper kalemia hyponatremia anoxia ventricular fibrillation death in 4-5 mins	3
5019817124	sea water drowning features	pulmonary edema hypervolemia cardiac shock 8-12 mins	4
5019818453	atypical drowning	dry drowning immersion syndrome unconscious patient secondary drowning	5
5019820452	immersion syndrome	hydrocution/ vagal inhibition	6
5019821594	causes of secondary drowning	cerebral hypoxia pulmonary edema metabolic acidosis electrolyte imbalance aspiration pneumonitis fibrosing alveolitis	7
5019824249	features of drowning	cutis ansserena washer woman's hand froth and fluid cadaveric spasm	8
5019825871	features of drowning internal	empysema aqueosum plateauff's haemorrhage diatom test getter test	9
5019827043	empysema aqueosum	AM	10
5019827384	edema aqueosum	PM	11
5019827910	diatom (algae)	acid disgestion test	12
5019828614	getter's test	chloride content	13
5019829403	salt water drowning	getter's +	14
5019829816	getter's not effective in	dry drowing cardiac defect later time of death	15
5019831358	MC cause of drowning	Accidental	16

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HOSA Forensic Medicine 2014 Flashcards

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2110120892	Odontology	dentistry; study of the biology and repair of teeth	0
2110120893	Dentition	complement of teeth of an individual	1
2110120894	Bite Marks	usually horse-shoe shaped pattern left in inanimate objects or the tissue of a victim	2
2110120895	Negligence	failure to treat the patient at the highest level of care and competency	3
2110120896	Prognosis	predicted outcome of a patient's condition	4
2110120897	Primary Dentition	the 20 baby teeth	5
2110120898	Permanent Dentition	the 32 adult teeth	6
2110120899	Maxilla	upper jaw	7
2110120900	Mandible	lower jaw	8
2110120901	Enamel	outer covering of the crown of the tooth	9
2110120902	Cementum	outer covering of the roof of the tooth	10
2110120903	Sharpey's Fibers	specialized fibers that connect both the tooth and the alveolar bone to the periodontal ligament	11
2110120904	Periodontal Ligaments	specialized connective tissue ligament that holds the tooth in the alveolus	12
2110120905	Alveolus	bony socket in either the maxilla or mandible that holds the tooth	13
2110120906	Pulp	neurovascular tissue in the center of the tooth	14
2110120907	Commissure	corner of the mouth	15
2110120908	Ramus of the Mandible	vertical portion of the lower jaw that communicates with the skull	16
2110120909	Vestibule	circular space formed by the meeting of the jaw and the cheeks	17
2110120910	Avulsed	expelled or removed	18
2110120911	Antemortem	before death	19
2110120912	Perimortem	at or around the time of death	20
2110120913	Dedicated Dimensional Standard	labeled ruler that is used in all analyses and photographs for a given bite mark case	21
2110120914	Standard of Care	medical or psychological treatment guideline; can be general or specific; specifies appropriate treatment based on scientific evidence and collaboration between medical and/or psychological professionals involved in the treatment of a given condition	22
2110120915	Forensic Toxicology	examination of all aspects of toxicology (the study of drugs and poisons that may have legal implications)	23
2110120916	Postmortem Drug Testing	examination performed on blood, urine, and/or body tissues to determine if drugs were a contributing factor in a death	24
2110120917	Contraband	in forensic toxicology and drug testing facilities refers to suspected controlled	25
2110120918	Vitreous Humor	ocular fluid (fluid in the eye) that is often utilized as a sample for testing in postmortem toxicology	26
2110120919	Workplace Drug Testing	examination performed on primary blood and urine from employees or job applicants for drug content	27
2110120920	NIDA	national institute of drug abuse	28
2110120921	Accuracy	ability of a measurement to match the value of the quantity measured; correctness	29
2110120922	Amphetamine	controlled substance along with its analogs , such as methamphetamine that creates a state of wakefulness, euphoria, and excitatory condition (stimulation)	30
2110120923	Hallucinogen	psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or alters sensory experiences	31
2110120924	Narcotic	addictive substance that reduces pains, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor	32
2110120925	Cannabinoids	term applied to marijuana and parts of the plant cannabis sativa in which tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active agent	33
2110120926	Phencyclidine	PCP; drug originally developed as a surgical anesthetic that was discontinued due to adverse patients reactions; abusers of the drug often experience severe psychiatric manifestations	34
2110120927	Cyanide	CN; highly toxic chemical especially in the form of gas (hydrogen cyanine)	35
2110120928	Chain of Custody	documented process the evidence goes through from the point of gathering to the final presentation in the court; intended to assure that there has been no tampering or altering the evidence	36
2110120929	Gas Chromatography	gas flowing through a coated tube separates compounds by their size, weight, and chemical reactivity with the coating of the tube or column	37
2110120930	Immunoassays	tests utilizing antibodies that react with the drug or substance that recognizes the antibody	38
2110120931	Fluorescence	property of a product producing light when acted upon by radiant energy	39
2110120932	Chemiluminescence	process by which light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction	40
2110120933	TLC	wet chemical test known as thin layer chromatography	41
2110120934	Ultraviolet	area of the light spectrum just past visible violet and before the x-ray region	42
2110120935	Enhancement	rendering an impression more visible through physical, photographic, chemical, or digital methods	43
2110120936	Retention Time	time required for a substance to travel from the injection port to the detector in a gas or liquid chromatographic system	44
2110120937	Mass Spectrometry	technique based of the detection of vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative analysis	45
2110120938	Chemical Ionization	a type of mass spectrometry in which a molecule reacts under relatively low energy with a reagent gas rather than fragmenting extensively	46
2110120939	NIST	national institute of standards and technology	47
2110120940	LC-MS	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a technique that replaces a gas chromatograph with a liquid chromatograph	48
2110120941	AAS	atomic absorption spectroscopy; technique for metal analysis utilizing the reduction of a metal in a solution to an atom, usually by a flame	49
2110120942	NAA	neutron activation analysis; technique for metal analysis utilizing the characteristics of emitted radiation for the detection and quantitation of metals	50
2110120943	Nucleus	cellular organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope; it encloses the chromosomes during the interphase	51
2110120944	ICP-MS	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy; modern technique for metal analysis that utilizes radio frequency energy for the detection and quantitation of metals	52
2110120945	Isotopes	chemical element that exits in alternate forms containing identical numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons	53
2110120946	Toxicogenomics	field of science that deals with how genomes respond to toxins	54
2110120947	LD50	quantity of a substance that kills 50 percent of the population	55
2110120948	GC-MS	acronym for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry	56
2110120949	Who was the first to use fingerprinting as a method of identification on a large scale?	Sir William Hershel-1856	57
2110120950	Who was the first to devise a method of classification based on fingerprints?	Dr. Henry Faulds-1880	58
2110120951	Who's was the first official use of a fingerprint in the United States?	Gilbert Thompson-1882	59
2110120952	What were Sir Francis Galton's calculations of the odds of two individual fingerprints being the same?	1 in 64 billion	60
2110120953	Who began the first fingerprint files?	Juan Vucetich -1891	61
2110120954	When was the first criminal fingerprint identification made?	1892	62
2110120955	When was the introduction of fingerprints for criminal identification in England and Wales?	1901	63
2110120956	What is the classification system for fingerprinting used in all English speaking countries called?	Henry Classification System	64
2110120957	What does AFIS stand for?	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	65
2110120958	What does the AFIS do?	Provides: -Automated fingerprint search -latent print searching capability -electronic image storage -electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses 24/7	66
2110120959	What does the acronym CPIN stand for? How does it work?	C-Commonwealth P-Photo I-Imaging N-Network A computer network that extends PA and is used to record and store digital photos of crime suspects	67
2110120960	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	68
2110120961	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	69
2110120962	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	70
2110120963	Entomology	the study of insects.	71
2110120964	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	72
2110120965	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	73
2110120966	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	74
2110120967	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	75
2110120968	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	76
2110120969	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	77
2110120970	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	78
2110120971	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	79
2110120972	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	80
2110120973	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	81
2110120974	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	82
2110120975	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	83
2110120976	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	84
2110120977	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	85
2110120978	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	86
2110120979	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	87
2110120980	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	88
2110120981	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	89
2110120982	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	90
2110120983	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	91
2110120984	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	92
2110120985	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	93
2110120986	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	94
2110120987	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	95
2110120988	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	96
2110120989	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	97
2110120990	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	98
2110120991	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	99
2110120992	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	100
2110120993	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	101
2110120994	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	102
2110120995	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	103
2110120996	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	104
2110120997	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	105
2110120998	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	106
2110120999	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	107
2110121000	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	108
2110121001	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	109
2110121002	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	110
2110121003	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	111
2110121004	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	112
2110121005	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	113
2110121006	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	114
2110121007	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	115
2110121008	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	116
2110121009	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	117
2110121010	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	118
2110121011	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	119
2110121012	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	120
2110121013	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	121
2110121014	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	122
2110121015	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	123
2110121016	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	124
2110121017	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	125
2110121018	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	126
2110121019	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	127
2110121020	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	128
2110121021	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	129
2110121022	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	130
2110121023	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	131
2110121024	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	132
2110121025	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	133
2110121026	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	134
2110121027	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	135
2110121028	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	136
2110121029	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	137
2110121030	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	138
2110121031	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	139
2110121032	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	140
2110121033	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	141
2110121034	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	142
2110121035	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	143
2110121036	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	144
2110121037	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	145
2110121038	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	146
2110121039	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	147
2110121040	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	148
2110121041	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	149
2110121042	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	150
2110121043	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	151
2110121044	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	152
2110121045	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	153
2110121046	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	154
2110121047	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	155
2110121048	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	156
2110121049	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	157
2110121050	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	158
2110121051	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	159
2110121052	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	160
2110121053	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	161
2110121054	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	162
2110121055	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	163
2110121056	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	164
2110121057	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	165
2110121058	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	166
2110121059	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	167
2110121060	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	168
2110121061	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	169
2110121062	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	170
2110121063	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	171
2110121064	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	172
2110121065	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	173
2110121066	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	174
2110121067	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	175
2110121068	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	176
2110121069	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	177
2110121070	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	178
2110121071	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	179
2110121072	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	180
2110121073	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	181
2110121074	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	182
2110121075	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	183
2110121076	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	184
2110121077	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	185
2110121078	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	186
2110121079	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	187
2110121080	Pathology	The study of disease	188
2110121081	Biopsy	Examination of a tissue sample	189
2110121082	Theory	A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena	190
2110121083	Autopsy	An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.	191
2110121084	Cytopathology	study of the diseases of cells	192
2110121085	Clinical pathology	Involves the analysis and interpretation of the chemical, hormonal, and biochemical components of body fluids to determine whether a disease is present	193
2110121086	Microbiology	Involves the testing and diagnosis of material to determine which infectious organism is infecting or investing the patient	194
2110121087	Histopathology	Microscopic analysis of diseased tissue	195
2110121088	Hematopathology	Diagnosis blood disease And blood forming organs	196
2110121089	Neuropathologist	Focuses on disease of the nervous system	197
2110121090	Dermatopathology	Focuses on skin diseases	198
2110121091	Forensic pathology	Main effort is to determine the cause of death and the circumstances of how the death occurred	199
2110121092	Coroner	Word comes a from the Anglo-Norman word corouner, a word derived from coroune ("crown"). May not be physician/ pathologist. Usually decides if an autopsy is needed then hires a hospital/ forensic pathologist to perform. Is given past medical records and injuries	200
2110121093	Medical Examiner	Forensic pathologist (death investigator) Does not work from a medical chart. Examining clothes is very important in establishing how the death occurred	201
2110121094	CT	Computed tomography	202
2110121095	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	203
2110121096	Postmortem interval	Time of death	204
2110121097	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body; normal temp is approx 98.6° and this is maintained 1-3 hours after death then the body begins to cool at a rate of approx 1° per hour	205
2110121098	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body; occurs when the heart stops beating, the blood stops circulating and stagnates.	206
2110121099	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the body; begins 20 minutes after death with the smaller muscles of the jaw then continues over the next 6-12 hours and over the next 12-24 hours disappears ually in the same way it appeared	207
2110121100	Postmortem lividity	the setting of the blood in the body after death, which results in a blue/purple discoloration of the skin	208
2110121101	Contusion	A black or blue injury	209
2110121102	Cadaveric spasm	The muscles contract forcibly at the moment of death	210
2110121103	Autolysis	Self loosen; occurs inside the body and affects internal organs, including the brain.	211
2110121104	Marbling	Greenish discoloration begins around the belly button and the numerous veins beneath the skin become visible and may also show greenish discoloration	212
2110121105	Mummification	The skin shrinks and dries, occurs under specific environmental conditions	213
2110121106	Adipocere	Waxy fat; happens with bodies under water	214
2110121107	Floaters	Decomposed bodies ; wet floaters found in water and dry floaters are found on land	215
2110121108	Macerated	softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture	216
2110121109	Skeletonization	The end result of decomp.. Accelerated by bugs who have infested the body.	217
2110121110	Forensic entomologist	Person who studies bugs; can determine the approximate postmortem interval based on the type and stage of the insect larvae present	218
2110121111	Presumptive ID	Identification found on a persons unidentifiable body that is not considered an ID. A positive ID must be made, usually done by friends or relatives.	219
2110121112	Forensic odontologist	Forensic dentist; can examine and x-ray the teeth and compare to files of the deceaseds local dentist.	220
2110121113	Forensic anthropologist	Person who studies bones; can help determine the age, sex, race, and approx height. PHYSICAL anthro can reconstruct an accurate face from a skull.	221
2110121114	Manner of death	How death occurred; 5 possibilities - natural -accidental -suicide -homicide -undetermined	222
2110121115	Pericardium	Firbrous sac that encloses the heart. Opened during an autopsy to remove the heart.	223
2110121116	Arteriosclerosis	Hardening of the arteries	224
2110121117	Myocardial Infarction	The blockage of blood to the heart resulting I'm the death of the heart muscle	225
2110121118	Small intestines	Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum	226
2110121119	Meninges	Membranes that surround the brain.	227
2110121120	Dura mater	(Meninges) lies just beneath the internal surface of the skull; firm, touch, and fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the brain.	228
2110121121	Epidural hemmorhage	Hemorrhage due to trauma between the dura mater and the skull	229
2110121122	Subdural hemorrhage	Blood lies below the dura mater	230
2110121123	Arachnoid	Two filmy, thin, transparent membranes that cover the brain directly below the mater	231
2110121124	Pia mater	The transparent innermost membrane covering the brain	232
2110121125	Leptomenginges	The almost inseparable combination of the delicate middle arachnoid (spider-web like membrane) and the transparent inner membrane covering the brain, the pia mater	233
2110121126	Provisional anatomic diagnoses	A listing made of the autopsy findings made by a forensic pathologist	234

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FORENSIC MEDICINE Flashcards

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281941958	Pathology	Concerned with determining the cause of death	0
281941959	Forensic Pathologist	A medical doctor who has completed training in anatomical pathology and who has sub-specialized in forensic pathology	1
281941960	Autopsy report	Pathological process, injury or disease that directly relates a series of events that led to a person's death; Manner of death; collection of trace evidence are all included in a(n)__________________.	2
281941961	Master's degree, 3-5 year residency, one additional year of training	Schooling for a forensic pathologist	3
281941962	$80,000-$120,000	Average salary for a forensic pathologist	4
281941963	Forensic nurse	A nurse with specialized training in forensic evidence collection, criminal procedures, legal testimony expertise and more	5
281941964	Mechanism of death	A biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with death	6
281941965	Natural, homicidal, accidental, suicidal	Four manners of death	7
281941966	Natural deaths	Caused by disease without intervention of trauma	8
281941967	Accidental deaths	Due to trauma occurring from acts no responsible person would have felt had a high probability of producing bodily injury or death	9
281941968	Homicidal deaths	Arise from acts a responsible person would have felt had a high probability of producing bodily injury or death; Someone other than the deceased took the action that caused the death	10
281941969	Suicidal deaths	Arise from acts a responsible person would have felt had a high probability of producing bodily injury or death; The deceased took the action that caused the death	11
281941970	Rigor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis	Changes that occur which can be used to estimate the time of death	12
281941971	Rigor mortis	The stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person	13
281941972	Glycogen	This chemical, normally found in the muscles, is used up and not reformed after death, causing rigor mortis	14
281941973	4	Rigor mortis is seen _________ hours after death	15
281941974	24; 36	Rigor mortis disappears between _____ and ______ hours after death	16
281941975	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from the settling of red blood cells after blood stops circulating	17
281941976	12	Lividity becomes "fixed" (does not blanch when pressure is applied) roughly _______ hours after death	18
281941977	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body, assuming the temperature is lower than body temperature	19
281941978	18º; 20º;1.5º	Rule of thumb for Algor mortis: A nearly nude body exposed to _____ºC - _____ºC is _______ºC of temperature drop per hour for the first 8 hours	20
281941980	Mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, asphyxial	5 classifications of traumatic deaths	21
281941981	Asphyxial death	Death due to lack of oxygen to the brain	22
281941982	Mechanical trauma	Occurs when applied physical force exceeds the tensile strength of the tissue to which the force is applied	23
281941983	Yawing	When a bullet enters the body sideways	24
281941984	Toxicology	Study of poisons	25
281941985	Vitreous humor	Transparent gelatinous substance filling the eyeball	26
281941986	Liver	Which organ is most heavily involved in drug metabolism?	27
281941987	Opiates	Type of drugs best known as pain relievers	28
281941988	Codeine and Morphine	___________ and _________ are two of the most known opiates	29
281941989	Synthetic opiates	Drugs made by simple modification of the morphine or codeine molecules; hydrocodone, oxymorphone, oxycodone	30
281941990	OxyCotin®	Commercial form of oxycodone that has caused many deaths	31
281941991	Amphetamines	Stimulants that create an excitatory condition characterized by elevations of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate	32
281941992	Opiates; amphetamines	__________ are depressants; __________ are stimulants	33
281941993	Cocaine	Made from the cocoa leaf; stimulant that resembles amphetamine and its abusive potential	34
281941994	Cannabinoids	Otherwise known as marijuana; produces euphoria, perceptive alterations, and memory impairment	35
281941995	Cyanide	Highly toxic substance that is found in nature; interrupts the pathway for energy pathway for energy radiation in human biochemistry, producing a quick death	36
281941996	Forensic odontology	The application of the arts and sciences of dentistry to the legal system	37
281941998	Rape, murder, child abuse, spousal abuse	Common crimes where bite marks are seen	38
281941999	Upper anterior, lower anterior	Looking at the initial entry point of a bite wound, the six _________ and six ________ should be identifiable	39
281942000	First and second bicuspids	The ________________________ are rarely seen in bite marks	40
281942001	Forensic Psychology	The application of psychological findings to legal processes	41
281942002	Pre-Trail exams	In forensic psychology, these are used to determine competency and criminal responsibility	42
281942003	Pre-sentence exams	In forensic pyschology, these are used to help the judge determine disposition for the offender	43
281942004	Sexual psychopath laws	Originated in the mid-1930's and mandated the evaluation and treatment of sexual offenders	44
281942005	People vs. Hawthorne	Court case that determined there was "no magic of an M.D. degree" and allowed properly trained psychologists to testify about a defendant's mental state	45
281942006	Hidden vs. Mutual Life	Court case that determined the Supreme Court would permit psychologists to testify	46
281942007	Jenkins vs. United States	Court case in which the federal court allowed psychologists to testify as expert witnesses in criminal matters	47
281942008	Clinical	________ psychologists are taught to evaluate their patients through interviews, psych tests and sometimes additional information from family members	48
281942009	Malingering	Exaggerating an illness to escape work	49
281942010	Projective Tests	These psychological tests are based on the notion that if an individual is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to respond to it, his or her responses will reveal aspects of his or her personality	50
281942011	Rorschach Test	The psychological test that is used to assess personality structure, dynamics, presence or absence of a thought disorder, and accuracy of reality testing	51
281942012	True	True or False: Bee and wasp stings are accidents	52
281942013	Focuses on the criminal component of the legal system with insects	Medicolegal entomology is .... what?	53
281942014	In food	Stored product insects are found... where?	54
281942015	MACET (Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, Asphyxia)	What are the classification of traumatic deaths?	55
281942016	No	Does a penetrating wound have an exit wound?	56
281942017	Yes	Does a perforating wound have an exit wound?	57
281942018	The insects that affect man and his immediate environment	Urban aspects of entomology deal with....?	58
281942019	The use of insects and their arthropod relatives that inhabit decomposing remains to aid legal investigations	What is forensic entomology?	59
281942020	Medicolegal, urban and stored product pests	What are the 3 branches of forensic entomology?	60
281942021	Removing bone marrow and digesting it with strong acids	How can you confirm drowning with bone marrow?	61
281942022	A major artery or the heart has been damaged to cause excessive blood loss	What is exsanguination?	62
281942023	Be given voluntarily and supported	For a defendant's to be valid it must....?	63
281942024	1968 in Boston (Dr. Jonas Rappeport) American Academy of Psychiatry and Law	Whn did AAPL emerge and what is it?	64
281942025	10 years	According to APA what is the new certification time limit?	65
281942026	Yes, and even competency to be executed and waive rights under the constitution	Can a psychiatrist decide whether an individual is competent for the death sentence?	66
281942027	Homicide, felonies (robbery, arson, kidnapping, etc.), false/repressed memory (esp. with children)	Which cases are usually assessed by a psychiatrist?	67

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1. General Forensic Medicine Flashcards

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3584269361	Identification of Person 1. Super imposition technique is used in a. Skull b. Pelvis c. Femur d. Ribs	0
3584271221	2. Cheiloscopy is the study of prints of a. Foot b. Fingers c. Palate d. Lips	1
3584270865	3. Palatoprints for identification of the person is performed by taking prints from which area of the hard plate a. Lateral b. Anterior c. Middle d. Posterior	2
3584270503	4. All of the followings are type of fingerprinting except a. Arch b. Loop c. Composite d. Circle e. Whorls	3
3584270548	5. Study of finger printing is a. DNA finger printing b. Dactylography c. Gene analysis d. Poroscopy e. Cheiloscopy	4
3584269863	6. Majority of finger prints in Indians are a. Loop b. Whorl c. Arch d. Composite	5
3584269864	7. Most common type in dactylography is a. Whorls b. Loops c. Composite d. Arches	6
3584269738	8. The system of Dactylography to identify individuals was first started in a. USA b. Poland c. India d. UK	7
3584271865	9. First finger loop bureau was established in a. London b. Paris c. Calcutta d. Madras	8
3584273087	10. Fingerprint Bureau was first established in a. England b. China c. India d. Singapore	9
3584272600	11. Disease which permanently alters the finger prints is a. Leprosy b. Tuberculosis c. Diabetes d. Dermatitis	10
3584272331	12. Identical twins may not have a. Same DNA finger b. Same finger print pattern c. Same blood group d. Same HLA system	11
3584271866	13. Most specific and sensitive for identification is a. Anthropometry b. Dactylography c. Skull d. Pelvis	12
3584273552	14. Most reliable method if identification of a person is a. Gustafson method b. Galton method c. Anthropometry d. Scars	13
3584274996	15. Best method for identification of a person is a. Dactylography b. Anthropometry c. Personal appearance after death d. Color change of hair	14
3584274439	16. To make a positive identification with the help of a partial finger print, the points of similarity should be at least a. 10 b. 12 c. 16 d. 20	15
3584274332	17. The fingerprint pattern may be impaired permanently in cases of a. Eczema b. Scalds c. Scabies d. Leprosy	16
3584273991	18. Which of the following statements about blood grouping is not correct? a. It can be used to resolve confusion of identity in alleged exchange of babies in maternity unit b. It is the method to conclusively fixed the paternity c. It can assist in matching fragmented human remains in mass disaster d. It can help to show whether blood stain on the weapon belongs to the suspect or victim	17
3584273553	19. Tattoo is useful in identifying body a. Living b. Dead c. Decomposed d. Burnt	18
3584276584	20. Faint letter mark can be made visible by a. Infrared photography b. Spectrophotometer c. Ordinary light d. X-ray	19
3584277085	21. Blackening and tattooing of skin and clothing can be best demonstrated by a. Luminal spray b. Infrared photography c. Ultraviolet light d. Magnifying lens	20
3584276585	22. A convict whose family or relations were not known and no biological sample was available with jail authorities, escaped from the jail. A dead body resembling the convict was found in nearby forest, but due to mutilation of face, identity could not be established. The positive identity that he is the same convict who escaped from jail can be established by a. Blood grouping b. DNA Profile c. Anthropometry d. HLA typing	21
3584277594	Teeth 23. Charting of left lower canine is A/E a. 33 in FDI b. 22 in Palmar notation c. -3 in Haderup	22
3584277595	24. Dental numbering is done by all, except a. FDI Two Digit System b. Anatomic and diagrammatic charting c. Palmar Notation d. None	23
3584278533	Age Determination 25. Best method to determine age upto 14 years is a. Ossification Centres b. Dentition c. Anthropometry d. Head Circumference	24
3584279115	26. Which of the following is true about eruption of teeth? a. Premolar appear in primary dentition b. Incisors is first to appear in secondary dentition c. 3rd molars is last to appear in primary dentition d. Canines is second last to appear in primary dentition e. Hypothyroidal delays dentition	25
3584278798	27. The period of mixed dentition is between the ages of a. 2-5 years b. 6-11 years c. 12-14 years d. 15-17 years	26
3584278787	28. Second molar erupts at a. 6 years b. 12 years c. 18-22 year d. 25-28 years	27
3584278534	29. Eruption of temporary teeth will be completed by a. One to one and half year b. Two to two and half year c. Three to four years d. Four to five years	28
3584280015	30. The first permanent tooth to appear is a. First molar b. Lateral incisor c. Upper canine d. First premolar	29
3584280680	31. A child at the age of 7 years has how many teeth? a. 16 b. 20 c. 24 d. 28	30
3584280681	32. A girl of 10 years will have ............... permanent and .................... temporary teeth a. 8, 12 b. 8, 16 c. 12, 12 d. 16, 8	31
3584280273	33. 20 permanent teeth and 8 temporary teeth are seen at the age of a. 10 years b. 11 years c. 9 years d. 12 years	32
3584280258	34. A boy has 20 permanent teeth and 8 temporary teeth. His age is likely to be a. 9 years b. 10 years c. 11 years d. 12 years	33
3584280016	35. Stack formula is for age estimation from dental pattern in a. Infants b. Adults c. 25-50 years age group d. Above 500	34
3584281620	36. The most reliable criteria in Gustafson method of age estimation is a. Attrition b. Secondary dentin deposition c. Transparency of root d. Cementum apposition	35
3584282126	37. The most reliable criteria in Gustafson's method of a. Cementum apposition b. Transparency of root c. Attrition d. Root resorption	36
3584282127	38. For age determination of 21 year old female, site for X-ray done a. Elbow and shoulder b. Wrist c. Hip and knee d. Iliac crest and clavicle	37
3584281904	39. The age of a 16 years old female is best determined by the radiograph of a. Lower end of radius and ulna b. Upper end of humerus c. Upper end of radius and ulna d. Xiphisternum	38
3584281621	40. Closure of coronal sutures starts at age of a. 20 years b. 21 years c. 30-35 years d. 50-60 years	39
3584283023	41. Best bone to asses age between 20-50 years a. Skull b. Ribs c. Sternum d. Symphysis pubis	40
3584285081	42. If angle of mandible is obtuse it means that the bone belongs to a. Adult male b. Adult female c. Young female child d. Elderly person	41
3584284831	Sex Determination 43. A female pelvis differs from male by all except a. Obtuse subpubic angle b. Broad greater sciatic foramen c. Broad lesser sciatic foramen d. Prominent muscle marking	42
3584284538	44. Skull of male differs from that of a female by all of the following except a. Capacity greater than 1500cc b. Muscular markings over occiput are less marked c. Orbits square d. Frontal eminence small	43
3584284258	45. Pre- auricular sulcus helps in detection of a. Age b. Sex c. Race d. Height e. Religion	44
3584283778	46. Differentiating feature of female pelvis is a. Subpubic angle V shaped b. Subpubic angle U shaped and obtuse c. Pre and post auricular sulcus is prominent d. Ischial tuberosity is everted and obturator foramen is large and oval e. Ischial tuberosity is everted and obturator foramen small and triangular	45
3584284259	47. Corporobasal index is useful for determination of a. Race b. Age c. Stature d. Sex	46
3584283357	48. True about female pelvis a. C- shaped pelvic cavity b. Pelvic inlet is wider posteriorly c. P. inlet is heart shaped d. Subpubic angle is 700 e. Ischiopubic index is 80 +- 5	47
3584289855	49. Sex determination from pelvis possible upto 95% accuracy from following except a. Greater sciatic notch b. Pre auricular sulcus c. Obturator foramen d. Sub pubic arch e. None	48
3584290139	50. Best specimen of bone for sex determination is a. Femur b. Pelvic c. Skull d. Mandible	49
3584290140	51. 99% sex difference can be done by all features of pelvic bones except a. Subpubic angle b. Greater sciatic notch c. Preauricular sulcus d. Pubic rami e. None	50
3584289856	52. The most reliable bones for the purpose of medullary index are the following except a. Humerus b. Tibia c. Radius d. Sternum	51
3584292976	Race Determination 53. Anteroposterior diameter of skull is minimum in a. Dolicocephaly b. Mesaticephaly c. Brachycephaly d. Trigonocephaly	52
3584293807	54. The cephalic index of Indian population is between a. 70-75 b. 75-80 c. 80-85 d. 85-90	53
3584293808	55. Cephalic index is useful for determination of a. Age b. Sex c. Race d. Religion e. Caste	54
3584293611	56. Pure Aryans have which type of skull a. Mesaticephalic b. Brachycephalic c. Dolicocephalic d. None of the above	55
3584292977	57. What would be the race of individual if skull bone having following feature rounded nasal opening, horseshoe shaped palette. Round orbit & cephalic index is above 80 a. Negro b. Mongol c. European d. Aryans	56
3584295339	58. A skull with squared orbit & rectangular palate with cephalic index 75 with broad nose, probably the race is a. Negroes b. Mongoloids c. Europeans d. Oriental	57
3584295729	59. Absent fragmented medulla of hair is seen in all except a. Mongols b. Negroid c. Causcasions d. Servocrotarians	58
3584295539	60. Fragmented medullary hair are found in a. Negros b. Mongols c. Causcasians d. Europeans	59
3584295340	Stature 61. Pearson's formula is used for a. Cephalic index b. Stature c. Race d. Age	60
3584296518	62. Multiplying factor for estimating stature from humerus is (male) a. 10-12 b. 5-6 c. 7-9 d. 9-10	61
3584296549	63. Multiplying factor of estimating from femur (male) is a. 3.6-3.8 b. 4.1-4.8 c. 4.9—5.6 d. 5.8-6.0	62
3584296519	Study 64. Study of death in all its aspects is known as a. Trichology b. Ornithology c. Odontology d. Thanatology	63

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HOSA Forensic Medicine 2014 Flashcards

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3650504574	Odontology	dentistry; study of the biology and repair of teeth	0
3650504575	Dentition	complement of teeth of an individual	1
3650504576	Bite Marks	usually horse-shoe shaped pattern left in inanimate objects or the tissue of a victim	2
3650504577	Negligence	failure to treat the patient at the highest level of care and competency	3
3650504578	Prognosis	predicted outcome of a patient's condition	4
3650504579	Primary Dentition	the 20 baby teeth	5
3650504580	Permanent Dentition	the 32 adult teeth	6
3650504581	Maxilla	upper jaw	7
3650504582	Mandible	lower jaw	8
3650504583	Enamel	outer covering of the crown of the tooth	9
3650504584	Cementum	outer covering of the roof of the tooth	10
3650504585	Sharpey's Fibers	specialized fibers that connect both the tooth and the alveolar bone to the periodontal ligament	11
3650504586	Periodontal Ligaments	specialized connective tissue ligament that holds the tooth in the alveolus	12
3650504587	Alveolus	bony socket in either the maxilla or mandible that holds the tooth	13
3650504588	Pulp	neurovascular tissue in the center of the tooth	14
3650504589	Commissure	corner of the mouth	15
3650504590	Ramus of the Mandible	vertical portion of the lower jaw that communicates with the skull	16
3650504591	Vestibule	circular space formed by the meeting of the jaw and the cheeks	17
3650504592	Avulsed	expelled or removed	18
3650504593	Antemortem	before death	19
3650504594	Perimortem	at or around the time of death	20
3650504595	Dedicated Dimensional Standard	labeled ruler that is used in all analyses and photographs for a given bite mark case	21
3650504596	Standard of Care	medical or psychological treatment guideline; can be general or specific; specifies appropriate treatment based on scientific evidence and collaboration between medical and/or psychological professionals involved in the treatment of a given condition	22
3650504597	Forensic Toxicology	examination of all aspects of toxicology (the study of drugs and poisons that may have legal implications)	23
3650504598	Postmortem Drug Testing	examination performed on blood, urine, and/or body tissues to determine if drugs were a contributing factor in a death	24
3650504599	Contraband	in forensic toxicology and drug testing facilities refers to suspected controlled	25
3650504600	Vitreous Humor	ocular fluid (fluid in the eye) that is often utilized as a sample for testing in postmortem toxicology	26
3650504601	Workplace Drug Testing	examination performed on primary blood and urine from employees or job applicants for drug content	27
3650504602	NIDA	national institute of drug abuse	28
3650504603	Accuracy	ability of a measurement to match the value of the quantity measured; correctness	29
3650504604	Amphetamine	controlled substance along with its analogs , such as methamphetamine that creates a state of wakefulness, euphoria, and excitatory condition (stimulation)	30
3650504605	Hallucinogen	psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or alters sensory experiences	31
3650504606	Narcotic	addictive substance that reduces pains, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor	32
3650504607	Cannabinoids	term applied to marijuana and parts of the plant cannabis sativa in which tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active agent	33
3650504608	Phencyclidine	PCP; drug originally developed as a surgical anesthetic that was discontinued due to adverse patients reactions; abusers of the drug often experience severe psychiatric manifestations	34
3650504609	Cyanide	CN; highly toxic chemical especially in the form of gas (hydrogen cyanine)	35
3650504610	Chain of Custody	documented process the evidence goes through from the point of gathering to the final presentation in the court; intended to assure that there has been no tampering or altering the evidence	36
3650504611	Gas Chromatography	gas flowing through a coated tube separates compounds by their size, weight, and chemical reactivity with the coating of the tube or column	37
3650504612	Immunoassays	tests utilizing antibodies that react with the drug or substance that recognizes the antibody	38
3650504613	Fluorescence	property of a product producing light when acted upon by radiant energy	39
3650504614	Chemiluminescence	process by which light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction	40
3650504615	TLC	wet chemical test known as thin layer chromatography	41
3650504616	Ultraviolet	area of the light spectrum just past visible violet and before the x-ray region	42
3650504617	Enhancement	rendering an impression more visible through physical, photographic, chemical, or digital methods	43
3650504618	Retention Time	time required for a substance to travel from the injection port to the detector in a gas or liquid chromatographic system	44
3650504619	Mass Spectrometry	technique based of the detection of vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative analysis	45
3650504620	Chemical Ionization	a type of mass spectrometry in which a molecule reacts under relatively low energy with a reagent gas rather than fragmenting extensively	46
3650504621	NIST	national institute of standards and technology	47
3650504622	LC-MS	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a technique that replaces a gas chromatograph with a liquid chromatograph	48
3650504623	AAS	atomic absorption spectroscopy; technique for metal analysis utilizing the reduction of a metal in a solution to an atom, usually by a flame	49
3650504624	NAA	neutron activation analysis; technique for metal analysis utilizing the characteristics of emitted radiation for the detection and quantitation of metals	50
3650504625	Nucleus	cellular organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope; it encloses the chromosomes during the interphase	51
3650504626	ICP-MS	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy; modern technique for metal analysis that utilizes radio frequency energy for the detection and quantitation of metals	52
3650504627	Isotopes	chemical element that exits in alternate forms containing identical numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons	53
3650504628	Toxicogenomics	field of science that deals with how genomes respond to toxins	54
3650504629	LD50	quantity of a substance that kills 50 percent of the population	55
3650504630	GC-MS	acronym for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry	56
3650504631	Who was the first to use fingerprinting as a method of identification on a large scale?	Sir William Hershel-1856	57
3650504632	Who was the first to devise a method of classification based on fingerprints?	Dr. Henry Faulds-1880	58
3650504633	Who's was the first official use of a fingerprint in the United States?	Gilbert Thompson-1882	59
3650504634	What were Sir Francis Galton's calculations of the odds of two individual fingerprints being the same?	1 in 64 billion	60
3650504635	Who began the first fingerprint files?	Juan Vucetich -1891	61
3650504636	When was the first criminal fingerprint identification made?	1892	62
3650504637	When was the introduction of fingerprints for criminal identification in England and Wales?	1901	63
3650504638	What is the classification system for fingerprinting used in all English speaking countries called?	Henry Classification System	64
3650504639	What does AFIS stand for?	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	65
3650504640	What does the AFIS do?	Provides: -Automated fingerprint search -latent print searching capability -electronic image storage -electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses 24/7	66
3650504641	What does the acronym CPIN stand for? How does it work?	C-Commonwealth P-Photo I-Imaging N-Network A computer network that extends PA and is used to record and store digital photos of crime suspects	67
3650504642	Ballistics	the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, most often firearms and bullets.	68
3650504643	Odontology	in forensics, examination of bite marks and dental identification of corpses.	69
3650504644	Pathology	investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death.	70
3650504645	Entomology	the study of insects.	71
3650504646	Palynology	the study of pollen and spores.	72
3650504647	Polygraphy	the use of the "lie detector". Polygraph = lie detector	73
3650504648	Laceration	Caused by a blunt object	74
3650504649	Incised wounds	Caused by a sharp object	75
3650504650	Perforating gunshot wound	Has an entrance and an exit wound	76
3650504651	Penetrating gunshot wound	Does not have an exit wound.	77
3650504652	Mechanism of Death	Biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life	78
3650504653	Manner of Death MOD	The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.	79
3650504654	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person. The glycogen in the body is not reformed leaving muscles stiff	80
3650504655	Livor Mortis	Discoloration of the body which occurs from te settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating. Lividity becomes fixed at 12hrs	81
3650504656	Algor Mortis	Cooling of the body that occurs after death. This obviously varies greatly.	82
3650504657	Mechanical traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	83
3650504658	Non-penetrating traumas	Can be sharp or blunt. Blunt traumas are further divided into firearm and non-firearm.	84
3650504659	GSR	Gun shot residue Gun powder leftover from shooting a gun	85
3650504660	DOA	Dead on arrival, Death on Arrival	86
3650504661	Cannabis	marujuana;pot	87
3650504662	Teratogen	an agent that can cause birth defects in an embryo or fetus. two well-known examples are alcohol and thalidomide.	88
3650504663	Alkaloid	Examples are cocaine, nicotine, strychnine, caffenine, and morphine.	89
3650504664	Analgesics	drugs that relieve pain.	90
3650504665	Presumptive Test	test that presumes the presence of the questioned substanced; also called a screening test.	91
3650504666	Osteons	structures in bones that carry the blood supply.	92
3650504667	Femur	long bone found in the leg extending from the hip to the knee.	93
3650504668	Tibia	long bone found in the leg extending from the knee to the ankle.	94
3650504669	Humerus	long bone found in the arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow. upper arm	95
3650504670	Radius	long bone found in the arm extending from the elbow to the wrist.	96
3650504671	Os Pubis	area on the anterior side of the pelvis where the hip bones come together.	97
3650504672	Ventral Arc	a bony ridge that is formed on the ventral (lower) side of the female os pubis.	98
3650504673	Epiphyses	growth plates found at the ends of the long bones. they form in adolescence and fuse to the bone during early adulthood.	99
3650504674	Diaphysis	the shaft of a long bone.	100
3650504675	Iliac Crest	found on the top of the hip bone.	101
3650504676	Clavicle	also known as the collarbone; its medial ends meet in the center of the body.	102
3650504677	Sutures	immovable joints where bonesare joined together. they are visible as seams on the surface.	103
3650504678	Symphysis	a place where two bones meet and may rub together.	104
3650504679	Caucasoid	descriptor for people of European, Middle Eastern, and East Indian descent.	105
3650504680	Negroid	descriptor for people of African, Aborigine, and Melanesian descent.	106
3650504681	Monogoloid	descriptor for people of Asian, Native American, Polynesian descent.	107
3650504682	Modus Operandi (MO)	the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO.	108
3650504683	Statutory Law	legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something.	109
3650504684	Common Law or Case Law	Type of law that is formulated by judges or determined by court decisions.	110
3650504685	Civil Law	A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights.	111
3650504686	Criminal Law	Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety	112
3650504687	Misdemeanor	a minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than in a prison.	113
3650504688	Felony	a serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than one year of imprisonment up to excution.	114
3650504689	What is the two-pronged test that foresic pathologists use?	First, is the death sudden. Second, was the death expected.(i.e. if person had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease then death would have been expected even if sudden.	115
3650504690	What two methods to pathologist use to obtain DNA from victim for future DNA analysis?	A drop of blood or a hair with the blub still attached	116
3650504691	What are the three major subgroupings of forensic psychiatry?	Criminal forensic psychiatry, civil forensic psychiatry, administrative forensic psychiatry.	117
3650504692	Dactyloscopy	the study of fingerprints. the word is drived from the Greek daktulos, meaning finger.	118
3650504693	Anthropometry	the study of human body measurements. the word is derived from the Greek anthropos, meaning man.	119
3650504694	Loop	fingerprint pattern with one or more ridges entering from one side, curving, then going out on the same side entered.	120
3650504695	Delta	triangular area found in all loop and whorl patterns	121
3650504696	Core	area found near the center of all loop and whorl patterns.	122
3650504697	Whorl	fingerprint pattern with at least two deltas and a core.	123
3650504698	Arch	least common and simpliest fingerprint pattern. they have no delta or core. all ridges enter one side and exit the other.	124
3650504699	Visible Print	fingerprint left by a finger that has touched blood, paint, ink, or the like.	125
3650504700	Latent Print	fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed.	126
3650504701	Minutiae	in description of fingerprints, ridge characteristics.	127
3650504702	Bifurcations	common minutiae, shaped like a two-pronged fork.	128
3650504703	Locard Exchange Principle	there is always a cross transfer of evidence between suspect and victim or locale.	129
3650504704	Cuticle (Hair)	tough, clear outside covering of the hair shaft.	130
3650504705	Cortex (Hair)	middle layer of the hair shaft that provides strength; compromises most of the hair mass.	131
3650504706	Medulla (Hair)	the spongy anterior core of hair that gives it flexibilty; appears as a canal in the middle of the shaft.	132
3650504707	Keratin	A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair, skin, and nails is	133
3650504708	False Positive	a test result that comes out positive when it should not; often caused by comtamination or failure to run a control.	134
3650504709	Catalyst	a small amount of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up in the process.	135
3650504710	Viscosity	the resistance of a fluid to flow. water is low relative to syrup. heating generally lowers this of a liquid.	136
3650504711	Homopolymers	polymers made up of one type of repeating unit. each is made from one monomer only.	137
3650504712	Polyethers	a series of carbon atoms connected by oxygen atoms.	138
3650504713	Chromatography	A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.	139
3650504714	Elute	to extract one material from another, usually by means of a solvent.	140
3650504715	Designer Drug	drugs synthesized with particular pharmacological characteristics, designed for abuse and evasion of specific drug laws.	141
3650504716	Cheliloscopy	the study of lip prints, from the Greek word cheilos, meaning lip.	142
3650504717	Conchoidal Fracture	A curved fracture surface; looks like the inside of a clam shell	143
3650504718	Hemoglobin	the oxygen carrier that gives red blood cells their color. it is composed of four globen (protein) chains, each with heme group.	144
3650504719	Precipitin Test	test that distingushes between human and animal blood	145
3650504720	Chemiluminescence	the emmission of light from a chemical reaction. within an organism such as a firefly. it is called bioluminescence.	146
3650504721	Antigens	foreign substances in the body that are capable of causing disease. the presence of antigens triggers an immune response, usually the production of antibodies.	147
3650504722	Agglutinate	an allergic reaction where red blood cells clump together, usually in response to a particular antibody.	148
3650504723	Serology	the laboratory study of body fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions.	149
3650504724	Erythrocytes	red blood cells.	150
3650504725	Leukocytes	White Blood Cells	151
3650504726	ABO	a basic classification system for blood types based upon the reaction of antigens and antibodies.	152
3650504727	Taxonomy	the classification ont things in an orderly way that indicates natural relationships.	153
3650504728	Carrion	the carcass of a dead and decaying animal.	154
3650504729	Postmortem Interval (PMI)	the time elapsed since a person has died.	155
3650504730	Caliber	A measure of the inside diameter of a firearm barrel	156
3650504731	Bore	the interior diameter of a gun barrel.	157
3650504732	Gauge	A measure related to the diameter of the bore and the size of the shotshell designed for that bore	158
3650504733	Shot	lead spheres in a shotgun shell.	159
3650504734	Slug	a single shot or bullet in a shotgun shell.	160
3650504735	Striae	parallel sets of scratches on a bullet caused by unique markings in the bore of a rifled weapon.	161
3650504736	Head Stamp	numerals, letters, and symbols on the base of a cartridge showing the manufacturer, caliber, and code.	162
3650504737	Breech	portion of the gun that contains the firing mechanism.	163
3650504738	Magazine	a container that holds cartridges under spring pressure to be fed into the gun's chamber; also called a clip.	164
3650504739	Chamber	part of the firearm that contains a cartridge for firing.	165
3650504740	Blind Forgery	one made without a model of this signnature or writing being forged.	166
3650504741	Forgery	an item prepared with the intent to deceive or defraud. it can be an autograph, a book, a painting, a baseball card, a stamp, an antique, or almost anything.	167
3650504742	Simulated Forgery	one made by copying a genuine signature.	168
3650504743	Traced Forgery	one made by tracing a genuine signature.	169
3650504744	Indented Writing	impressions left under paper that has been written on.	170
3650504745	When were psychologists recognized in court?	Jenkins v United States 1962	171
3650504746	Name the 4 roles of a forensic psychologists.	1. Research: investigate legal processes and phenomena 2. Intervention (aka treatment or therapy) 3. Assessment: psychological appraisal 4. Consultation: provide information to agencies including police departments judges, attorneys and jail staff	172
3650504747	What is the most prevalent area of forensic psychology research?	Eyewitness testimony	173
3650504748	Confession.	Admission of guilt • Most damaging piece of evidence in a trial	174
3650504749	False confession.	Admission of guilt by an innocent person	175
3650504750	Name the 3 primary reasons for a false confession.	1. Publicity 2. To end punishment 3. Highly suggestible and stressed	176
3650504751	Name 2 main roles of a forensic psychologist in assessment.	1. Involves test administration 2. Testify as expert witness	177
3650504752	What are the 3 primary states when testifying as an expert witness?	1. Dangerousness: likelihood to cause emotional or physical harm 2. Competency: ability to understand nature and purpose of court proceedings 3. Insanity: legal term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a (criminal) act was not perceived to be wrong	178
3650504753	What are the 4 areas of dangerousness?	1. Violence 2. Suicide 3. Child and domestic abuse 4. Sexual abuse	179
3650504754	Name 2 way to be considered for insanity.	1. Cannot distinguish fantasy from reality 2. Subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior	180
3650504755	Name 2 possible verdicts if one is found insane.	1. Not guilty by reason of insanity 2. Not guilty by reason of temporary insanity	181
3650504756	Signature	Unique manner in which a person commits crime to emotionally fulfill himself	182
3650504757	Who was the Vampire of Sacramento? Give some background information.	• Richard Trenton Chase • Unemployed, white male, 27 years old • Lived alone, 1 block from killings • Found body parts and bloodstained blender, calendar with more dates	183
3650504758	What is Algor mortis? Time Frame	Definiton:Decrease in body temperature after death Time:Body cools at a rate of 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour for the first 12 hours then 1 degree Fahrenheit per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours	184
3650504759	What is Livor Mortis? Time Frame?	Definition:Purple/red discoloration in the dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood after cardiac activity has ceased Time:Begins between 30 minutes to 2 hours after death Usually "fixed" by 8 to 12 hours after death	185
3650504760	What are the specific types of lividity and what causes them?	Cherry red lividity: carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning and cold temperatures ~Minimal lividity: hypovolemic shock or anemia	186
3650504761	What was the first published account involving a convition based on bite marks as evidence.	Doyle v. State; Texas, 1954	187
3650504762	Pathology	The study of disease	188
3650504763	Biopsy	Examination of a tissue sample	189
3650504764	Theory	A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena	190
3650504765	Autopsy	An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.	191
3650504766	Cytopathology	study of the diseases of cells	192
3650504767	Clinical pathology	Involves the analysis and interpretation of the chemical, hormonal, and biochemical components of body fluids to determine whether a disease is present	193
3650504768	Microbiology	Involves the testing and diagnosis of material to determine which infectious organism is infecting or investing the patient	194
3650504769	Histopathology	Microscopic analysis of diseased tissue	195
3650504770	Hematopathology	Diagnosis blood disease And blood forming organs	196
3650504771	Neuropathologist	Focuses on disease of the nervous system	197
3650504772	Dermatopathology	Focuses on skin diseases	198
3650504773	Forensic pathology	Main effort is to determine the cause of death and the circumstances of how the death occurred	199
3650504774	Coroner	Word comes a from the Anglo-Norman word corouner, a word derived from coroune ("crown"). May not be physician/ pathologist. Usually decides if an autopsy is needed then hires a hospital/ forensic pathologist to perform. Is given past medical records and injuries	200
3650504775	Medical Examiner	Forensic pathologist (death investigator) Does not work from a medical chart. Examining clothes is very important in establishing how the death occurred	201
3650504776	CT	Computed tomography	202
3650504777	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	203
3650504778	Postmortem interval	Time of death	204
3650504779	Algor mortis	Cooling of the body; normal temp is approx 98.6° and this is maintained 1-3 hours after death then the body begins to cool at a rate of approx 1° per hour	205
3650504780	Livor mortis	Discoloration of the body; occurs when the heart stops beating, the blood stops circulating and stagnates.	206
3650504781	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the body; begins 20 minutes after death with the smaller muscles of the jaw then continues over the next 6-12 hours and over the next 12-24 hours disappears ually in the same way it appeared	207
3650504782	Postmortem lividity	the setting of the blood in the body after death, which results in a blue/purple discoloration of the skin	208
3650504783	Contusion	A black or blue injury	209
3650504784	Cadaveric spasm	The muscles contract forcibly at the moment of death	210
3650504785	Autolysis	Self loosen; occurs inside the body and affects internal organs, including the brain.	211
3650504786	Marbling	Greenish discoloration begins around the belly button and the numerous veins beneath the skin become visible and may also show greenish discoloration	212
3650504787	Mummification	The skin shrinks and dries, occurs under specific environmental conditions	213
3650504788	Adipocere	Waxy fat; happens with bodies under water	214
3650504789	Floaters	Decomposed bodies ; wet floaters found in water and dry floaters are found on land	215
3650504790	Macerated	softening and breaking down of skin from prolonged exposure to moisture	216
3650504791	Skeletonization	The end result of decomp.. Accelerated by bugs who have infested the body.	217
3650504792	Forensic entomologist	Person who studies bugs; can determine the approximate postmortem interval based on the type and stage of the insect larvae present	218
3650504793	Presumptive ID	Identification found on a persons unidentifiable body that is not considered an ID. A positive ID must be made, usually done by friends or relatives.	219
3650504794	Forensic odontologist	Forensic dentist; can examine and x-ray the teeth and compare to files of the deceaseds local dentist.	220
3650504795	Forensic anthropologist	Person who studies bones; can help determine the age, sex, race, and approx height. PHYSICAL anthro can reconstruct an accurate face from a skull.	221
3650504796	Manner of death	How death occurred; 5 possibilities - natural -accidental -suicide -homicide -undetermined	222
3650504797	Pericardium	Firbrous sac that encloses the heart. Opened during an autopsy to remove the heart.	223
3650504798	Arteriosclerosis	Hardening of the arteries	224
3650504799	Myocardial Infarction	The blockage of blood to the heart resulting I'm the death of the heart muscle	225
3650504800	Small intestines	Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum	226
3650504801	Meninges	Membranes that surround the brain.	227
3650504802	Dura mater	(Meninges) lies just beneath the internal surface of the skull; firm, touch, and fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the brain.	228
3650504803	Epidural hemmorhage	Hemorrhage due to trauma between the dura mater and the skull	229
3650504804	Subdural hemorrhage	Blood lies below the dura mater	230
3650504805	Arachnoid	Two filmy, thin, transparent membranes that cover the brain directly below the mater	231
3650504806	Pia mater	The transparent innermost membrane covering the brain	232
3650504807	Leptomenginges	The almost inseparable combination of the delicate middle arachnoid (spider-web like membrane) and the transparent inner membrane covering the brain, the pia mater	233
3650504808	Provisional anatomic diagnoses	A listing made of the autopsy findings made by a forensic pathologist	234

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