| CourseNotes

AP World History Chapter 1:From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Flashcards

2792289816	Paleolithic Age	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	0
2792293397	Homo sapiens (sapiens)	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period	1
2792294075	Neolithic Age	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	2
2792298241	hunting and gathering	The original human economy ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries	3
2792300758	Neolithic revolution	The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture	4
2792306943	Bronze Age	From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E., when iron began to replace it	5
2792312475	Slash and burn agriculture	A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted	6
2792312476	Band	A level of social organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis	7
2792313170	Catal Hüyük	An early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho; had greater degree of social stratification	8
2792313343	civilization	Societies distinguished by Reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups	9
2792313521	Fertile Crescent	A crescent-shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East that extends from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf. The center of the Neolithic development of agriculture (from 7000 bc), and the cradle of the Assyrian, Sumerian, and Babylonian civilizations	10
2792326807	cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	11
2792327595	nomads	Cattle- and sheep-herding societies usually found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as barbarian by civilized societies	12
2792330240	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	13
2792333339	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organized areas into city-states	14
2792334699	ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamia temple complexes	15
2792336591	city-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban based king	16
2792339736	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.	17
2792356737	Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.)	The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law	18
2792358392	pharaoh	Title of kings of ancient Egypt	19
2792358639	pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt, used as burial sites for pharaohs	20
2792359954	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	21
2792362273	Hammurabi's Code	Established rules of procedure for courts of law and regulated property and the duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes	22
2792365523	Indus River	River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization	23
2792370126	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	Major urban complexes of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	24
2792372239	Huang He River	Also known as the Yellow River, site of sedentary agriculture in China	25
2792373174	Shang Dynasty	First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists	26
2792374497	oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing	27
2792378095	ideographs	Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	28
2792379417	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	29
2792382792	monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single God; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization	30
2792388991	polytheism	The worship of many gods or deities	31

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pagent ch 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

916886621	Calvinism	Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on teaching forms John Calvin. Believe in predestination	0
916886622	Predestination	only the "elect" were destined for salvation, although they thought it to be irreversible, they led sanctified lives to prove they were of the "elect"	1
916886623	conversion	intense religious expressions that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect" or "visible saints"	2
916886624	Separatists	sect of Puritans that wanted to break away from the Church of England	3
916886625	Great Migration	migration of 70,000 refugees form England to N. American colonies, mostly in New England and the Caribbean	4
916886626	antinomianism	belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; notably espoused by Anne Hutchinson	5
916886627	Fundamental Orders	drafted by settlers in Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing democratically controlled government	6
916886628	Pequot War	clashes between settlers and Pequot Indians in CT River Valley. Ended in the slaughter of Pequots and Narragansett allies by Puritans	7
916886629	King Phillip's War	series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip on English settlements in New England; slowed the westward migration of English	8
916886630	English Civil War	armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of Pro-parliament leading to Charles I execution	9
916886631	Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution	relatively peaceful overthrow of Catholic monarch, James I, replacing him with William III and Mary II	10
916886632	salutary neglect	relaxed control over colonial trade and weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from Glorious Revolution to French and Indian War	11
916886633	patroonships	vast tracts of land along Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing 50 settlers to the property	12
916886634	Quakers	religious group known for their tolerance, emphasis on peace, and idealistic Indian policy, who settled heavily in PA in the 17th and 18th centuries	13
916886635	blue laws	designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality.	14
916886636	Martin Luther	German theologian; posted his 95 theses of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517, which Denounced priests and popes, said Bible was God's word; launched Protestant Reformation-Puritanism	15
916886637	John Calvin	from Geneva; elaborated Luther's ideas-Calvinism	16
916886638	Massasoit	Wampanoag chieftain, Massasoit, signed a treaty with Plymouth Pilgrims because they could not afford to fight	17
916886639	Metacom (King Philip)	Massasoit's son; launched attacks on villages in New England, started the King Philip's War	18
916886640	William and Mary	Dutch-borne William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, took over after Glorious Revolution when James II was overthrown	19
916886641	Peter Stuyvesant	directors-general who took over Swedish forts and became New Netherlands	20
916886642	Henry Hudson	English explorer, ventured in Delaware and New York Bay and sailed down the Hudson river; made a claim on the land for the Dutch	21
916886643	Duke of York	New Netherlands was taken over and named after him (New York)	22

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pagent Chapter 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

1703109956	Martin Luther	German friar. Nailed protests against catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517. They denounced the authority of popes and priests. Declared the bible was the only source of God's word.	0
1703109957	The protestant Reformation	Time of religious reform that spread across europe dividing people and kindling spiritual fervor.	1
1703109958	Who did the Protestant Reformation greatly "inspire"?	John Calvin.	2
1703109959	Calvinism	founder: john Calvin became the dominant theological credo of American settelers; New England puritans, scottish presbyterians, french huguenots, and dutch reformed church god was an all-powerful and all-good and all-knowing (predestination) humans cause of original sin were weak and wicked	3
1703109960	calvinism doctrine was called the	institutes of the christian religion	4
1703109961	Predestination	Calvinists thought that god was all-knowing and knew who was going to heaven (the elect) and hell since the moment of creation and good works could not save.	5
1703109962	The "elects" role	Could not count on their predestination salvation and lead sinful lives.	6
1703109963	Conversion	The elect sought for this which is a receipt of god's free gift of saving grace. An intense, identifiable personal experience in which god revealed to the elect their destiny and thereafter were expected to lead sanctified lives, demonstrating their holy behavior being "visible saints."	7
1703109964	"visible saints"	persons who felt the stirrings of grace in their souls and could demonstrate its presence to their fellow Puritans	8
1703109965	King Henry VIII	broke ties with the roman catholic church making himself head of the church of england (anglican church) during the time of the Reformation 1530s	9
1703109966	How did Puritans come about?	After King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church he would have been content with keeping Roman rituals/creeds but English religious reformers wanted to purify the English church, these were the Puritans	10
1703109967	Why were many New England Puritans from the woolen district?	because landlords were enclosing land for sheep grazing forcing many small farmers to leave	11
1703109968	Calvinism's role during the Reformation	fed on the social unrest and provided spiritual comfort to the economically disadvantaged	12
1703109969	Puritans grew unhappy with the slow progress of the Reformation because they wanted to see...	the church of england fully de-Catholicized	13
1703109970	the most devote Puritans believed that...	only visible saints should be admitted to church membership but the church enrolled all, meaning the saints had to share pews with the damned	14
1703109971	because of the admittance to all in the Church of england..	tiny group of dedicated puritans called Seperatists formed	15
1703109972	Seperatists	vowed to break away from the church of England entirely	16
1703109973	King James I	Head of both church and state of England 1603-1635. Perceived that if his subjects could defy him as their spiritual leader they would someday defy his as a political leader. So he harassed the Separatists off the land .	17
1703109974	at first Seperatists went to ____ for a safe haven.	Holland (1608)	18
1703109975	why did seperatists leave holland?	because of the "dutchification" of their children	19
1703109976	from holland where did Separatists go and why?	America because they wanted to live and die as Englishmen as purified protestants	20
1703109977	How did the Separatists get to America?	they negotiated with the Virginia Company and took the Mayflower to America	21
1703109978	Were Separatists the majority on the Mayflower?	No, they were less than half	22
1703109979	Who was the Captain of the Mayflower? And what did he do?	Captain Myles Standish of "Captain Shrimp" (cause he was stocky.) He later rendered indispensable service as an Indian fighter and negotiator.	23
1703277440	Where did the pilgrims choose to settle and what was the problem?	Plymouth Rock -- it was outside the domain of the Virginia Company therefore they became squatters	24
1703277441	Did the pilgrims first land at Plymouth Rock?	No	25
1703277442	squatters	without legal right to the land and without specific authority to establish a government	26
1703277443	What was the Mayflower Compact and what was so important about it?	-set an invaluable precedent for later written constitutions. -NOT a constitution. -An agreement to from a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon. -A step towards self government. men would soon make laws in open discussion town meetings	27
1705418266	mayflower compact leads to what and why is it important?	the New England Town Meeting because it is a direct democracy	28
1703277444	What was the Pilgrim's first winter like?	It was rough. About half died yet no one left when the Mayflower left in the spring	29
1703277445	The first Thanksgiving	believed god made his children prosperous - pilgrims 2nd autumn 1621 good harvests	30
1703277446	3 things that made the Plymouth colony more economically stable were...	fur, fish & lumber	31
1703277447	What were 2 Plymouth mainstays & why?	Bible- sustenance for the soul Beaver- sustenance for the body	32
1703277448	what did the Plymouth colony prove?	that the English could maintain themselves in an uninviting region	33
1703277449	who was the prominent Plymouth leader for 30 elections?	William Bradford	34
1703277450	What were William Bradford's worries?	that non-puritan settlers might corrupt their godly experiment	35
1703277451	What eventually happened to the Plymouth colony?	Since it was small in number it joined with its giant neighbor; Massachusetts Bay Colony	36
1703853234	moderate puritans sought to...	reform the English Church from within	37
1703853235	Moderate Puritans slowly gained ____ especially in ____.	support in Parliament	38
1703853236	What change did King Charles I do?	he dismissed Parliament and called for anti-puritan persecutions of the Archbishop William Laud	39
1703853237	After Charles I's actions what happened?	non-Separatist puritans fearing their faith secures a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company	40
1703853238	The Massachusetts Bay Company was used as a what, why and where?	a constitution because it was out of the royal authority in the Massachusetts Bay Colony	41
1703853239	The Massachusetts Bay Colony started off on...	a larger scale than any other New England colony	42
1703853240	During the _____, _____ sent 70.000 from England to America however...	Great Migration, Turmoil however not all were puritans and only 20,000 went to the Massachusetts Bay Company, most went to the West Indies	43
1704419267	John Winthrop	-migrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony -colony's 1st governor (served 19 yrs) -believed it was a religious calling to serve	44
1704419268	Why and what did Massachusetts prosper in?	-the resources and skill from settlers - trading, fishing & shipbuilding became big industries	45
1704419269	Due to Massachusetts' fish and ship industries...	Massachusetts became the biggest and most influencial of the new England outposts	46
1704419270	What was Winthrop's influential speech and what did it mean?	-"we shall be as a city upon a hill" - colonists believed that they had a covenant with god to built a holy city that would be a model for humankind - Massachusetts prospered from this motivation	47
1704419271	franchise voting was extended to ____ after the colonists arrival in Massachusetts.	"free men" adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregation -no women and un-churched men	48
1704419272	what will the Puritan congregation eventually become?	the Congregation church	49
1704419273	town governments were more inclusive than franchise in Massachusetts	-they included all male property owners -discussed local issues -voted by majority	50
1704419274	was Massachusetts Bay a democracy? why/why not	no because governor Winthrop distrusted the "commons" and thought it was the "meanest and worst" form of governmet	51
1704419275	What was the representative assembly called in Massachusetts?	General Court	52
1704419276	who were freemen in Massachusetts Bay?	puritans"visible saints"	53
1704419277	what was the purpose of the government in Massachusetts Bay according to the doctrine of the Covenant?	to enforce god's laws to believers and nonbelievers	54
1704419278	who paid taxes in Massachusetts Bay?	both believers and nonbelievers	55
1704419279	how did Massachusetts Bay influence church membership?	publicly interrogating people who claimed to have experienced conversion	56
1704419280	John Cotton	-came to Massachusetts Bay to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England -used his great knowledge to enforce religious rules -religiously devoted (pious)	57
1704419281	the puritan congregation in Massachusetts Bay had the right to...	hire or fire a minister and set his salary	58
1704419282	why were clergy men not allowed to hold political office in Massachusetts Bay?	they did not want to be like England and allow another unholy religious/government union -> in a way endorsed separation of church and state	59
1704419283	Puritans believed in a calling to do ____ on Earth.	god's work	60
1704419284	"Protestant ethic"	serious commitment to work and to engagement in worldly pursuits -however they also enjoyed simple pleasures	61
1705418267	to make sure pleasures stayed simple in Massachusetts Bay as well as other places...	laws were passed - for example a couple was finned for kissing in public	62
1705418268	why is Connecticut called the "blue law state"	strict simple pursuits regulation laws were written on blue paper	63
1705418269	what was hellfire that the Puritans believed in?	a hell where sinners shriveled and shrieked in vain for divine mercy	64
1705418270	The Bay Colony at first had social harmony but	quakers who flouted the authority of the puritan clergy were persecuted	65
1705418271	what woma challenged Puritan orthodoxy?	Anne Hutchinson	66
1705418272	What was Anne Hutchinson theory called?	antinomianism	67
1705418273	What was Anne Hutchinson's antionomianism?	she claimed that a holy life was no sure sing of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the lay of God of man.	68
1705418274	What happened to Anne Hutchinson?	-put on trial she boasted that her beliefs were from a direct revelation from God. -high heresy - magistrates had to banish her - she went to Rhode island (the safe haven state) then later New York were she was killed by Indians	69
1705418275	What man was a extreme separatist in the The Bay Colony?	Roger Williams	70
1705418276	What did Roger Williams proclaim?	- should make a clean break from the corrupt Church of England -challenged the legality of the Bay Colony's charter condemning the taking away of Indian land without proper compensation -denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior	71
1705418277	What happened to Roger Williams?	the authorities ordered him banished to England but he fled to Rhode Island	72
1705418278	What did Roger Williams do once he got to Rhode Island?	-he built a baptist church -established complete religious freedom even to Jews and Catholics -demanded no oaths regarding religious belief -no compulsory attendance at worship -no taxes to support a state church -sheltered abused quakers (although he disagreed with their views)	73
1705418279	in Rhode Island at first there was simple manhood suffrage but then...	it was narrowed to just land owning males	74
1705418280	Rhode island consisted of	malcontents, exiles, people who couldn't stand the stifling religious atmosphere of The Bay Colony	75
1705418281	the puritan clergy in Boston called Rhode island...	the "sewer state"	76
1705418282	Rhode Island became ____ &_____ being planted by dissenters and exiles	individualistic and independent	77
1705418283	Rhode Island began as a squatter state but finally...	established rights to soil when is secures a charter from Parliament in 1644	78
1705418284	Was land near Connecticut river fertile?	yes	79
1705418285	boston puritans led by ____ swarmed into ____	thomas hooker -- Hartford	80
1705418286	after 3 years the settlers of the Connecticut river colony created ...	the Fundamental Orders	81
1705418287	why is the Fundamental orders important in history?	it is the first modern written constitution in the western hemisphere	82
1705418288	at new haven a new settlement began to arise founded by puritans who wanted	an even closer church government alliance than in Massachusetts but they didn't have a charter so they were squatters. at first king Charles II would not give a charter but after distress a charter was issued to Connecticut that merged New Haven with more democratic settlements in the Connecticut valley	83
1705418289	Massachusetts bay formally purchased ____ in 1677 from ___ after ____.	maine from sir Fernando Gorges after failure to colonize	84
1705418290	Massachusetts Bay absorbed _____ through ____ but ____.	New Hampshire through interpretation of the Massachusetts charter but was NH was made a royal colony when the king was annoyed by the greediness	85
1705418291	the spread of english settlements inevitably led to...	clashed with the Indians weaken by epidemic from the English	86
1705418292	too weak to resist the _____ at first befriended the settlers	Wampanoag Indians	87
1705418293	Wampanoag Cheif	Massaoit	88
1705418294	what was the treaty that Massaoit signed?	it was with the Plymouth pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving	89
1705418295	as more settlers arrived in the Connecticut river valley...	peaceful relations with Indians were disturbed	90
1705418296	hostilities exploded between the English and the _______ in the Connecticut river valley	Pequot tribe	91
1705418297	Pequot War	English militiamen and their Narragansett Indian allies set fire to the Indian wigwams and shot the fleeing survivors annihilated the Pequot tribe starting 40 yrs of uneasy peace between puritans and indians	92
1705418298	what does the Pequot War lead to?	King Philips war	93
1705418299	puritans tried to convert some Indians to ...	christianity in "praying towns"	94
1705418300	the indians last resort against the english was ____	intribal unity created by Metacom aka king philip (massasoits son)	95
1705418301	King Philip's war	indian alliance attacked English settlements -slowed westward expansion of English -greatly reduced the number and threat of Indains	96
1705418302	what was the 4 colonial union?	New England Confederation	97
1705418303	What was the New England Confederation's primary purpose?	Defense against foes (indians, french, dutch)	98
1705418304	the New England Confederation said that each colony regardless of size ____ which angered ___ because___.	recieved only 2 votes which angered the Massachusetts Bay because they were the most populous.	99
1705418305	the New England Confederation was primarily made of...	Puritan colonies ; 2 Massachusetts (bay colony & Plymouth) and 3 Connecticut (new haven & scattered settlements)	100
1705418306	the New England Confederation rejected Rhode Island & Maine because	it had too many undesirable characters	101
1705418307	although weak, the New England Confederation was an important step to	colonial unity and the gaining of experience of choosing representatives	102
1705418308	at first England paid little attention to its colonies because ____ but after ____	of power struggles but after King Charles II took crown he asserted a tight grip on the colonies killing Puritan hopes of purifying the church	103
1705418309	Defiance in Massachusetts led to punishment from England through...	-giving rival Connecticut a sea-to-sea charter legalizing squatter settlements -outcasts in Rhode Island receives a charter giving kingly sanction to the most religiously tolerant government -the bay colony's charter was revoked	104
1705418310	by the king of england the ____ was created which included all of new england (even NY and NJ eventually)	Dominion of New England	105
1705418311	The New England Confederation was for	-defense against indians - to promote the administration of the Navigaiton Laws	106
1705418312	Navigation Laws	they sought to stitch England's overseas possessions more tightly to the motherland by throttling american trade with countries not ruled bu the english crown	107
1705418313	What happened because of the Navigation Laws?	Americans smuggled	108
1705418314	Sent from England to impose English authority and promote mercantilism was ...	sir Edmund Andros	109
1705418315	sir Edmund Andros was disliked for his	-open affiliation with the Church of England -taxation with representation -enforcement of the Navigation Laws -suppressant of smuggling	110
1705418316	The Glorious Revolution in England was ____ and led to the _____ in america.	the overthrowing of the dislikes Catholic James II with the replacement of Protestant Dutch William III and Mary II and led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England in America.	111
1705418317	the collapse of the Dominion of New England led to Massachusetts becoming	a royal colony with a new charter and new royal governer and voting to all male property owners rather than just church members	112
1705418318	After the collapse of the Dominion of New England monarchs relaxed theri grip on colonial trade beginning a period of...	"salutary neglect"	113
1705418319	although it was during salutary neglect english officals still remained in the colonies and....	blocked rise of local leaders to positions of polirical power by there presence	114
1705418320	with help from the English, the dutch (netherlands) gained independence from	spain	115
1705418321	the Dutch later challenged the British during rhe	Anglo-Dutch naval wars	116
1705418322	The Dutch East India Company hired _____ to explore parts of America and he landed in the ____	Henry Hudson landed in delaware bay, New York Bay area and explores the Hudson river hoping for a shortcut through the continent but instead just filed a Dutch claim to the land	117
1705418323	New York was called	New Netherlands	118
1705418324	New York City was "bought" from the ____ for	Indians who actually didn't own it for worthless trinkets	119
1705418325	NYC was called	New Amsterdam	120
1707397180	Who was new Amsterdam run by/for and in the interest of?	By/for the Dutch company and in the interest of stockholders	121
1707397181	What were the investors like in new Amsterdam?	No religious freedom, no free speech, no democratic practices, harsh and tyrannical	122
1707397182	In new Amsterdam what happened to religious dissenters and Quakers?	Religious dissenters were regarded with suspicion and Quakers were abused	123
1707397183	Because of aggravated colonists in new amsterdam...	A limited lawmaking body was created	124
1707397184	Patroonships	Feudal estates fronting the Hudson River that were granted to promoters who agreed to settle 50 people on them	125
1707397185	Why did new Amsterdam have so many languages spoken?	It was a seaport. A lot of trading and interaction.	126
1707397186	What was wrong with new Amsterdam?	Directors General were incompetent , company shareholders demanded there dividend at the expense of the colony's welfare, Indians did horrible massacres	127
1707397187	How did Wall Street form?	In defense from Indian yet acts a wall was erected	128
1707397188	Why didn't New England colonies protect them selves from Dutch growth?	They tried but Massachusetts didn't agree and they were the majority	129
1707397189	Swedish role in America.	During their golden age They set up new swede along the Delaware river. But the Dutch got mad and invaded led by peter Stuyvesant (Swedish) in a bloodless raid and absorbed Swedish colonists	130
1707397190	How did England take over Dutch areas?	English colonies surrounded new Netherlands and English colonists were interlaced. Charles II granted the area this brother, the duke of York, and in a simple takeover due to the weak peter Stuyvesant, new Netherlands became New York under English control.	131
1707467611	New York after the Dutch left...	An autocratic spirit survived and increased when English governors granted immense acreage to their favorites which discouraged European immigrants from coming	132
1707480420	How did the Dutch leave their mark?	Placed names on the land Brooklyn, hells gate, Harlem Gambrel roofed architecture Great social customs and folkways such as easter eggs Santa Claus, waffles, sauerkraut , bowling, sleighing, skating, golf	133
1707528540	Quakers	Dissenters in England who were offensive to both religious and civil authorities by not paying taxes to the church	134
1707549375	What were the Quakers also known as	The religious society of friends	135
1709677786	Qualities of Quakers	Believed they were all children in the sight of god. Did not think of some as "betters" Addresses all people the same way Refused military service Advocates of passive resistance Although they seemed stubborn and unreasonable they were simple devoted democratic people	136
1709731310	Where did dome Quakers flee to before William penn?	Rhode Island , North Carolina, and New Jersey.	137
1709727103	William Penn	Attracted to the quaker faith at 16. Persecuted by this feeling he later sought to create a refuge for his fellow Quakers. After securing a charter of fertile land from the king calling it Pennsylvania.	138
1709762778	What colony was the most advertised? And how?	Pennsylvania. It's founder William Penn distributed truthful pamphlets welcoming all different types of citizens as well as offering a liberal land policy	139
1709770308	What helped the start of the Pennsylvania colony?	There were many squatters already settled there along the Delaware river	140
1709779771	What does Philadelphia mean? And why was it notable?	City of brotherly love. It was the most planned city having wide and attractive streets.	141
1709788663	Penn bought land from the ___ including ____.	Indians including chief Tammany, later patron saint of New York's Tammany hall	142
1709819693	How was Penn's treatment of the Indians? So what happened? What eventually happened to this treatment?	Very fair. Some southern tribes migrates seeking the Quaker haven. When non Quakers came from Europe they undermined the fair treatment.	143
1709851025	What was government/ society like in Quaker Pennsylvania?	Representative assembly elected by the landowners. No tax supported church. Freedom of worship except to Catholics and Jews (as forced by England). Death penalty only for treason and murder. No military defense. No restrictions on immigration. Dislikes black slavery.	144
1709859887	Because of the qualities of Quaker Pennsylvania...	It attracted a mix of ethnic qualities receiving religious misfits from neighbors.	145
1709866926	Did the Quakers follow "blue laws" if so what were they?	Yes they prohibited ungodly revelers(people who enjoy themselves in a lively fashion.)	146
1709886843	Pennsylvania quakers were shrewd business people so philidelphia became...	A large exporter of grains and other foods. Later becoming the 3rd most populous colony	147
1710219785	How did New Jersey become? What happened to west and east jersey?	When two noble proprietors received the area from the duke of York. West jersey was sold to a group of Quakers. East jersey was also acquired by the Quakers, But the 2 colonies were eventually combined I to a royal colony by the crown.	148
1710235946	Delaware	Harbored some Quakers and was closely associated with Penn's colony. Was granted it's own assembly in 1703.	149
1710240772	Who were the middle colonies?	New York New Jersey Delaware Pennsylvania	150
1710254900	What was similar about the middle colonies?	Fertile soil All except Delaware were called the bread colonies because of its high export of grain. Rivers were influential	151
1710265861	Industry in the middle colonies	Forests = lumbering and shipbuilding Rivers and harbors stimulated commerce and the growth of seaports expect ally in NY and Philadelphia	152
1710291367	Benefits of the middle consoles	Pollution ethnically mixed Religious toleration from the Quakers Land more easily acquired -> economic and social democracy prevailed but less in aristocratic NY	153
1710296202	Benjamin Franklin	Was born in puritanical Boston but entered Philadelphia at 17	154
1710312116	Philadelphia at the time Benjamin Franklin entered.	Population was growing fast Transportation and communication improving. British continued their hands off policy leaving colonists to own their own local governments, run their own churches and develop inter colonial trade networks.	155

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pagent Chapter 2 Flashcards

Key Terms

Terms : Hide Images

2841789553	Virginia Company	A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to findgold and a water way to the Indies: confirmed all Englishmen that they would have thesame life in the New World, as they had in England, with the same rights: 3 of their shipstransported the people that would found Jamestown in 1607.	0
2841789554	Iroquois Confederacy	The Iroquois Confederacy was nearly a military power consisting of Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas.IT was founded in the late1500s.The leaders were Degana Widah and Hiawatha. The Indians lived in log houseswith relatives. Men dominated, but a person's background was determined by thewomen's family. Different groups banded together but were separate fur traders and fur suppliers. Other groups joined; they would ally with either the French or the Englishdepending on which would be the most to their advantage.	1
2841789555	Starving Time	The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to thecolonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived.The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary toobtain food in the new world.	2
2841789556	Act of Toleration	A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland:Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholicsreligion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony toshelter Catholics in the New World.	3
2841789557	Squatter	A person who settles on land without title or right: Early settlers in NorthCarolina became squatters when they put their small farms on the new land. They raisedtobacco on the land that they claimed, and tobacco later became a major cash crop for North Carolina.	4
2841789558	Primogeniture	A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received allof his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New Worldfor their financial purposes and individual wealth.	5
2841789559	Indentured Servitude	Indentured servants were Englishmen who were outcasts of their country, would work in the Americas for a certain amount of time as servants.	6
2841789560	Royal Charter	A document given to the founders of a colony by the monarch thatallows for special privileges and establishes a general relationship of one of three types:(1) Royal- direct rule of colony by monarch, (2) Corporate- Colony is run by a joint-stock company, (3) Proprietary- colony is under rule of someone chosen by the monarch. RoyalCharters guaranteed that colonists would have "rights as all Englishmen".	7
2841789561	Slave Codes	In 1661 a set of "codes" was made. It denied slaves basic fundamentalrights, and gave their owners permission to treat them as they saw fit.	8
2841789562	Yeoman	An owner and cultivator of a small farm.	9
2841789563	Proprietor	a person who was granted charters of ownership by the king: proprietarycolonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware: proprietors founded colonies from1634 until 1681:a famous proprietor is William Penn.	10
2841789564	Longhouse	The chief dwelling place of the Iroquois Indians; c. 1500s-1600s;longhouses served as a meeting place as well as the homes for many of the NativeAmericans. They also provided unity between tribes of Iroquois Confederacy.	11
2841789565	James Oglethorpe	founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist.Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his interest in prison reform.Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat.	12
2841789566	John Smith	took over the leadership role of the English Jamestownsettlement in 1608. Most people in the settlement at the time were only there for personal gain and did not want to help strengthen the settlement. Smith therefore told the people,"people who do not work do not eat." His leadership saved the Jamestown settlementfrom collapsing.	13
2841789567	Nation-state	A unified country under a ruler which share common goals and pride in anation. The rise of the nation-state began after England's defeat of the Spanish Armada.This event sparked nationalistic goals in exploration which were not thought possiblewith the commanding influence of the Spanish who may have crushed their chances of building new colonies.	14
2841789568	Slavery	the process of buying people (generally Africans) who come under the completeauthority of their owners for life, and intended to be worked heavily; became prominentin Colonial times around the mid to late 1600's ( but also to a lesser degree, concerningnatives during the early 1500's) because of the labor intensive nature of the crops beinggrown, and the desire for a profit; mainly used on southern plantations, but also a little bitin the north; brought Africans to America, who have now become an integral part of our culture.	15
2841789569	Enclosure	caused by the desire of land-owning lords to raise sheep instead of crops,lowering the needed workforce and unemploying thousands of poor former-farmers; thelords fenced off the their great quantities of land from the mid to late 1500's forcing manyfarmers out and into the cities, leading many of them to hire themselves as indenturedservants for payment of passage into the New World, and therefore supporting many of the needs of the labor-thirsty plantation owners of the New World.	16
2841789570	House of Burgess	The House of Burgeses was the first representative assembly in the New World. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly,known as the House of Burgeses. A momentous precedent was thus feebly established,for this assemblage was the first of many miniature parliaments to sprout form the soil of America.	17
2841789571	Powhatan	Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and JohnRolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas andJohn Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and Englishuntil Powhatan's death.	18
2841789572	John Rolfe	Was an Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocahontas and took her to his homeland of England. Rolfe was also the savior of the Virginia colony by perfecting the tobacco industry in North America. Rolfe died in 1622, during one of manyIndian attacks on the colony.	19
2841789573	Lord Baltimore	He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religiousfreedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.	20
2841789574	Sir Walter Raleigh	An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, he sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day NorthCarolina. It failed and is known as "The Lost Colony."	21
2841789575	Oliver Cromwell	Englishman; led the army to overthrow King Charles I and was successful in 1646. He ruled England in an almost democratic style until his death.His uprising drew English attention away from Jamestown and the other American colonies.	22
2841789576	Lord De la War	An Englishman who came to America in 1610. He brought the Indiansin the Jamestown area a declaration of war from the Virginia Company. This began thefour year Anglo-Powhatan War. He brought in "Irish tactics" to use in battle withthe Indians.	23
2841789577	Pocahontas	A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about1595-1617; her brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.	24
2841789578	Virginia Company	A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to findgold and a water way to the Indies: confirmed all Englishmen that they would have thesame life in the New World, as they had in England, with the same rights: 3 of their shipstransported the people that would found Jamestown in 1607.	25
2841789579	The Iroquois Confederacy	Was a military power consisting of Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas. IT was founded in the late1500s.The leaders were Degana Widah and Hiawatha. The Indians lived in log houseswith relatives. Men dominated, but a person's background was determined by thewomen's family. Different groups banded together but were separate fur traders and fur suppliers. Other groups joined; they would ally with either the French or the Englishdepending on which would be the most to their advantage.	26
2841789580	Starving Time:	The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.	27
2841789581	Act of Toleration:	A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the #1 colony to shelter Catholics in the New World.	28
2841789582	Squatter:	A person who settles on land without title or right. Early settlers in North Carolina became squatters when they put their small farms on the new land. They raised tobacco on the land that they claimed, and tobacco later became a major cash crop for North Carolina.	29
2841789583	Primogeniture:	A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received allof his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New Worldfor their financial purposes and individual wealth.	30
2841789584	Indentured Servitude:	These were Englishmen who were outcasts of their country, would work in the Americas for a certain amount of time as servants.	31
2841789585	Royal Charter:	A document given to the founders of a colony by the monarch that allows for special privileges and establishes a general relationship of one of three types:(1) Royal- direct rule of colony by monarch, (2) Corporate- Colony is run by a joint-stock company, (3) Proprietary- colony is under rule of someone chosen by the monarch. Royal Charters guaranteed that colonists would have "rights as all Englishmen".	32
2841789586	Slave Codes:	In 1661 a set of "codes" was made. It denied slaves basic fundamental rights, and gave their owners permission to treat them as they saw fit.	33
2841789587	Yeoman	An owner and cultivator of a small farm.	34
2841789588	Proprietor	a person who was granted charters of ownership by the king proprietary colonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware: they founded colonies from1634 until 1681:a famous proprietor is William Penn.	35
2841789589	Longhouse	The chief dwelling place of the Iroquois Indians; c. 1500s-1600s; they served as a meeting place as well as the homes for many of the Native Americans. They also provided unity between tribes of Iroquois Confederacy.	36
2841789590	James Oglethorpe	founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his interest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat.	37
2841789591	John Smith	He took over the leadership role of the English Jamestown settlement in 1608. Most people in the settlement at the time were only there for personal gain and did not want to help strengthen the settlement. He therefore told the people, "people who do not work do not eat." His leadership saved the Jamestown settlement from collapsing.	38
2841789592	Nation-state	A unified country under a ruler which share common goals and pride in a nation. The rise of the nation-state began after England's defeat of the Spanish Armada. This event sparked nationalistic goals in exploration which were not thought possible with the commanding influence of the Spanish who may have crushed their chances of building new colonies.	39
2841789593	Slavery	the process of buying people (generally Africans) who come under the complete authority of their owners for life, and intended to be worked heavily; became prominent in Colonial times around the mid to late 1600's ( but also to a lesser degree, concerning natives during the early 1500's) because of the labor intensive nature of the crops being grown, and the desire for a profit; mainly used on southern plantations, but also a little bit in the north; brought Africans to America, who have now become an integral part of our culture.	40
2841789594	Enclosure	caused by the desire of land-owning lords to raise sheep instead of crops, lowering the needed workforce and unemploying thousands of poor former-farmers; the lords fenced off the their great quantities of land from the mid to late 1500's forcing many farmers out and into the cities, leading many of them to hire themselves as indentured servants for payment of passage into the New World, and therefore supporting many of the needs of the labor-thirsty plantation owners of the New World.	41
2841789595	House of Burgeses	Was the first representative assembly in the New World. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly. A momentous precedent was thus feebly established, for this assemblage was the first of many miniature parliaments to sprout form the soil of America.	42
2841789596	Powhatan	Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, he left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until his death.	43
2841789597	John Rolfe	He was an Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocahontas and took her to his homeland of England. He was also the savior of the Virginia colony by perfecting the tobacco industry in North America. He died in 1622, during one of many Indian attacks on the colony.	44
2841789598	Lord Baltimore	He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.	45
2841789599	Sir Walter Raleigh	An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, he sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as "The Lost Colony."	46
2841789600	Oliver Cromwell	An Englishman; led the army to overthrow King Charles I and was successful in 1646. Cromwell ruled England in an almost democratic style until his death. His uprising drew English attention away from Jamestown and the other American colonies.	47
2841789601	Lord De la War	An Englishman who came to America in 1610. He brought the Indians in the Jamestown area a declaration of war from the Virginia Company. This began the four year Anglo-Powhatan War. He brought in "Irish tactics" to use in battle with the Indians.	48
2841789602	Pocahontas	A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about1595-1617; her brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.	49

Powered by Quizlet.com

Physiology - Chapter 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4862679748	anatomical position	a standard position of the body: standing up, facing directly forward and arms hanging down at the sides with palms facing forward. This position is used as a reference to describe sites or motions of parts of the body.	0
4862679749	anatomy	the study of internal and external parts of the body parts	1
4862679751	frontal (coronal) plane	also called the coronal plane, runs along the long axis of the body. This plane extends laterally (side to side), dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.	2
4862679752	homeostasis	refers to the existence of a stable internal environment	3
4862679754	peritoneum	a chamber lined by a serous membrane	4
4862679755	physiology	the study of the function of parts of the body	5
4862679757	sagittal plane	runs along the long axis of the body, but it extends anteriorly and posteriorly (front and back). This plane divides the body into left and right portions.	6
4862679758	horizontal (transverse) plane	lies at right angles to the long (head-to-toe) axis of the body, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.	7
4862679760	midsagittal (median) plane	a vertical plane through the midline of the body that divides the body into right and left halves (close to sagittal plane)	8
4862679761	parasagittal plane	any plane that divides the body into left and right portions, parallel to the sagittal plane, but not directly in the midline. Thus divides the body into unequal left and right portions.	9
4862679764	anterior (ventral)	refers to the front of the human body	10
4862679765	posterior (dorsal)	further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it	11
4862679766	superior (cranial)	refer to what is above something. In the anatomical position, this is the head	12
4862679767	inferior (caudal)	refer to what is below something. In the anatomical position, these are the feet.	13
4862679768	medial (mesial)	pertaining to the middle; in or towards the middle. For example, the ________ side of the knee is the side closest to the other knee, whereas the lateral side of the knee is the outside of the knee	14
4862679769	lateral	the side of the body or a body part that is farther from the middle or center of the body	15
4862679772	proximal	situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment.	16
4862679773	distal	situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone	17
4862679774	intermediate	the relative location of an anatomical structure lying between two other structures	18
4862679775	superficial (external)	on the surface or shallow. The skin is ________ to the muscles. The cornea is on the _________ surface of the eye.	19
4862679776	deep (internal)	away from the surface or further into the body. The bones are _______ to the skin.	20
4862679777	central	at or near the center	21
4862679778	peripheral	away from the central	22
4862679779	parietal	of, relating to, attached to, or denoting the wall of the body or of a body cavity or hollow structure	23
4862679780	deep	The bones are generally located ________ to the muscles	24
4862679781	medial	The nose is ________ to the ears	25
4862679782	superior	The nose is ________ to the mouth	26
4862679783	inferior	The heels are on the ________ surface of the body	27
4862679784	superior	The thigh is ________ to the knee	28
4862679785	proximal	The thumbs are ________ to the other fingers	29
4862679786	inferior	The eyes are ________ to the eyebrows	30
4862679787	anterior	The sternum (breastbone) is ________ to the heart	31
4862679788	distal	The wrist is _______ to the elbow	32
4862679789	superficial	The skin is ________ to the muscles	33
4862679790	anterior	The surface of the human opposite the surface containing the backbone is the ________ surface	34
4862679792	lateral	In preparation for a spinal tap, Mrs. Smith was asked to lie on her side with there ________ surface exposed	35
4862679793	inferior	The stomach is ________ to the heart	36
4862679794	proximal	The knee is ________ to the thigh	37
4862679795	proximal	The foot is ________ to the knee	38
4862679796	distal	The hand is ______ to the shoulder	39
4862679797	distal	The elbow is ______ to the hand	40
4862679798	superficial	The skin is ________ to the vicera	41
4862679799	inferior	The chin is ________ to the nose	42
4862679800	lateral	The big to a is ________ to the little toe	43
4862679801	medial	The left ear is ________ to the left eye	44
4862679802	lateral	A nostril with respect to the septum separating the two nostrils is _______	45
4862679803	distal	The tip of the middle finger with reference to the palm of the hand is ________	46
4862679804	proximal	The elbow with respect to the wrist is ________	47

Powered by Quizlet.com

CHAPTER 6- American Pageant 16th Edition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3124283370	Huguenots	DATE: 16th/17th Century -French Protestants -followed the teachings of John Calvin -due to religious persecution, were forced to flee France to other countries.	0
3124283371	St Bartholomew's Day	DATE: 1572 -ten thousand men, women, and children Huguenots were massacred.	1
3124283372	Edict of Nantes	DATE: 1598 -gave limited toleration to French Huguenots -Religious wars ceased & France blossomed -Louis XIV took interest in North America *this is where King James II fled after Glorious Revolution	2
3124283376	Samuel de Champlain	"Father of New France;" he was a leading figure in the establishment of Canadian Quebec. Joined Huron Indian Tribe and helped them battle against the Iroquois.	3
3124283377	Coureurs de bois	Translated as "runners of the woods," they were French fur-trappers, also known as "voyageurs" (travelers), who established trading posts throughout North America. -Gift givers-succesful traders -Runners of risk, drinkers, free spenders, free lovers -Beaver trade very profitable The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways of their Native American trading partners.	4
3124283378	Voyageurs	also fur trappers	5
3124283379	Jesuits	-Catholic martyrs'- who died for faith. French Catholic missionaries (the Jesuits) tried ferociously to save the Indians for Christ and from the fur-trappers. Their efforts scorned, suffered tortures at the hands of the Indians. They made few permanent converts, but they played a vital role as explores and geographers.	6
3124283380	Robert de la Salle	Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV-Named "Louisiana"	7
3124283383	Treaty of Utrecht	DATE: 1713—Port Royal returned to France New Englanders felt....Frustration!	8
3124283384	War of Jenkins's Ear	DATE: 1739 Britain vs. Spain Small-scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and in the buffer colony, Georgia. British captain Robert Jenkins encountered Spanish revenue authorities and had one ear sliced off by sword. Jenkins aroused anger and sympathy. It merged with the much larger War of Austrian Succession aka. King George's War.	9
3124283385	King George's War (The War of the Austrian Succession)	DATE: 1744-1748 American phase of the War of the Austrian Succession, third and inconclusive struggle between France and Great Britain for mastery of the North American continent.British colonists against their French counterparts in the North. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.	10
3124283387	Ohio River Valley	The Ohio Valley was a major source of tension between the French and British. The Ohio Country was where; eventually, British colonists pushing west would someday penetrate. France saw it as the "key" to the continent (or land) they had to retain and keep others from taking. It was especially important (To the French) as they wanted to link their holdings in Canada with the ones in lower Mississippi (Valley). France was grabbing land (in Ohio Country) and there was an intense fur-trade going on.	11
3124283388	French Indian War	DATE: 1754-1763 the Seven Years War - the first global war -British were concerned about French forts being built in the Ohio Valley. The war started when Washington in the Wilds of the Ohio Valley, it then widened into the biggest conflict the world as seen. -The Algonquins, who feared British expansion into the Ohio Valley, allied with the French. The Mohawks also fought for the French while the rest of the Iroquois Nation allied with the British. The colonies fought under British commanders. Britain eventually won, and gained control of all of the remaining French possessions in Canada. RESULTS: Was Ended by the Treaty of Paris of 1763.	12
3124283389	Treaty of Paris	DATE: 1763 French power off North America Results: France-lost her Canadian possessions - A desire for revenge on Britain Spain- Play both sides, but got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England- Britain- got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, commercial dominance in India	13
3124283390	Intercolonial Congress	DATE: 1754 in Albany, NY supported by: Benjamin Franklin intercolonial congress meant to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French.	14
3124283391	Albany Plan of the Union	DATE: 1754 7 of the 13 colonies showed up purpose keep Iroquois loyal to British -achieve colonial unity -common defense against France -B.F., political cartoon "join, or Die" in Penn. Gazette -Leader of Albany Congress Results: Failed, premature colonial home rule-Devil was in the details ! Gifts to Iroquois broke off. -was the first important plan to put the colonies under a united government.	15
3124283392	results of the Seven Years war: BRITAIN	-Increases colonial Empire -Puts England into Debt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -Contempt for American Colonist - Colonies not fully "vested" -Traffic goods with Spanish and French -refused to provide troops or money ,needed to be bribed -Demanded rights and privileges but no duties or responsibilities	16
3124283393	results of the Seven Years war: COLONIES	The Colonist -military strength & confidence- new spirit of independence-Spanish threat reduced. 1. Unites them 2. Socializing experience -troops who come from different colonies "united force" 3. Bitter feelings for British. -British officers vs. raw colonial "boors" -General Wolfe colonial militia "contemptible, cowardly dogs" -Refused American militia above rank of captain-Humiliating "colonel" George Washington	17
3124283394	colonial style fighting	Indian-style gorilla tactics-irregular troops- colonials served under their own Captains "elected" leaders-loose discipline-resistance to taxes-casual/non professionals	18
3124283395	British style fighting	formation/Bayonet charge-wealth/privilege "appointed-British soldiers took over Colonials-drills/discipline (whipped/shot)-colonies should pay for own defense-tea-drinking Captains "primadonna" seen as arrogant	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pageant Chapter 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2964335294	Calvinism	Reformed theology that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. Associated with John Calvin.	0
2964335295	Predestination	Belief that God has determined which souls will preside in heaven and which will not, a decision than cannot be altered.	1
2964335296	Puritans	Protestants seeking to reform the Church of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	2
2964335297	Separatists	Those who sought to break away from the Church of England.	3
2964335298	Conversion	A radical reorientation of one's whole life away from sin and evil and toward God. This is a central element of Christ's preaching, of the Church's ministry of evangelization, and of the Sacrament of Penance.	4
2964335299	Mayflower Compact	1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.	5
2964335300	Massachusetts Bay Colony	King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area.	6
2964335301	Great Migration	70,000 refugees left England for the New World.	7
2964335302	Antinomianism	An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson.	8
2964335303	Fundamental Orders	Is considered by some as the first written Constitution. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut is a short document, but contains some principles that were later applied in creating the United States government. It states the powers of the government, and some limits within which that power is exercised.	9
2964335304	Pequot War	Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.	10
2964335305	King Phillip's War	A Native American uprising that attacked New England and New York in which helped lead to the formation of the Dominion of New England.	11
2964335306	English Civil War	Featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy.	12
2964335307	Dominion Of New England	The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros).	13
2964335308	Navigation Laws	Promoted English shipping and control colonial trade; made Americans ship all non-British items to England before going to America.	14
2964335309	Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution	England made King James II step down.	15
2964335310	Salutary Neglect	An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies.	16
2964335311	Patroonships	Estates along the Hudson River established by the Dutch.	17
2964335312	Blue Laws	Laws designed to restrict personal behavior.	18
2964335313	Martin Luther	A German theological reformer who denied papal power, and claimed the only sacraments were baptism and communion.	19
2964335314	John Calvin	A theological reformer who developed Calvinism.	20
2964335315	William Bradford	The second governor of the Plymouth colony. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.	21
2964335316	John Winthrop	The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.	22
2964335317	Anne Hutchinson	A Puritan woman who disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony.	23
2964335318	Roger Williams	He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.	24
2964335319	Massasoit	Chief of the Wampanoag tribe. Helped the Pilgrim's.	25
2964335320	Metacom (King Phillip)	Son of Massasoit. Leader of the Wampanoag's.	26
2964335321	Charles II	Son of Charles I. King of England, Ireland and Scotland. Spread Anti-Catholicism.	27
2964335322	Sir Edmund Andros	Governor of the Dominion of New England.	28
2964335323	William III	Became co-monarch of England after the Glorious (Or Bloodless)Revolution.	29
2964335324	Mary II	Ruled jointly with her husband, William III, after Glorious (Or Bloodless)Revolution.	30
2964335325	Henry Hudson	Explorer for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present day New York and called it New Netherland.	31
2964335326	Peter Stuyvesant	Known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English.	32
2964335327	Duke Of York	Brother of Charles II, namesake of New York.	33
2964335328	William Penn	A devout Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania.	34

Powered by Quizlet.com

American Pageant Ch 5 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3152176102	triangular trade	A trade between America, the West Indies, and Africa, which some colonists took advantage of after the fall of the Royal African Company, and yielded great profits to its merchants.	0
3152176103	Molasses Act	An act intended to end American trade with the French West Indies passed by Britain, which was largely overridden by smuggling and bribery.	1
3152176105	Great Awakening	A period of huge religious revival throughout the colonies, sparked by a few strong religious speakers, called the "new lights."	2
3152176107	Zenger trial	New York libel case, established the principle that truthful statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as defaming. Was a banner achievement for freedom of the press and health of democracy	3
3152176108	royal colonies	colonies where governors were appointed by King directly; often competent administrators but ran into trouble w/ colonial legislatures, who resented imposition of control from across Atlantic	4
3152176113	Jonathan Edwards	American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated the Great Awakening, a period of renewed interest in religion in America "salvation through good works" and affirmed need for complete dependence of God's grace	5
3152176114	George Whitefield	Masterful orator, rekindled the religiousness of the colonies during the Great Awakening. He was a leader of the "new lights"	6
3152176118	John Peter Zenger	A newspaper printer from New York, was arrested and tried for seditious libel for attacking the royal governor. He was acquitted with the help of his lawyer, Alexander Hamilton. This was a huge step for the freedom of the press.	7
3152176119	Old lights	Orthodox clergymen; deeply skeptical of emotionalism and theatrical antics of revivalists	8
3152176120	New lights	defended the Awakening for its role in revitalizing American religion	9

Powered by Quizlet.com

Baseball Teams (American League) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3149022214	Baltimore E	Orioles	0
3149025414	Boston E	Red Sox	1
3149034116	Chicago C	White Sox	2
3149036757	Cleveland C	Indians	3
3149038547	Detroit C	Tigers	4
3149041225	Houston W	Astros	5
3149043030	Kansas City C	Royals	6
3149044805	Los Angeles W	Angels	7
3149046555	Minnesota C	Twins	8
3149048532	New York E	Yankees	9
3149050789	Oakland W	Athletics	10
3149050790	Seattle W	Mariners	11
3149052386	Tampa Bay E	Rays	12
3149054163	Texas W	Rangers	13
3149055429	Toronto E	Blue Jays	14

Powered by Quizlet.com

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 3: Cells Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3737753138	CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)	ENCLOSES THE CELL. REGULATES MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF CELL	0
3737753139	NUCLEUS	HOUSES THE GENETIC MATERIAL & CONTROLS CELLULAR ACTIVITIES	1
3737753140	CYTOPLASM	FILL OUT THE CELLS FLUID AREA	2
3737753141	ORGANELLES	SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES INSIDE THE CELL	3
3737753142	SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE	ONLY CERTAIN SUBSTANCES CAN ENTER OR LEAVE THE CELL	4
3737753143	WHAT IS THE CELL MEMBRANE COMPOSED OF ?	MAINLY LIPIDS AND PROTEINS MAKES A PHOSPHOLIPID BILATER	5
3737753144	CYTOSKELETON	ABUNDANT PROTEIN RODS & TUBULES THAT FORM A FRAMEWORK	6
3737753145	TYPES OF ORGANELLES	1) CELL MEMBRANE 2)ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 3) RIBOSOMES 4) GOLGI APPARATUS 5) MITOCHONDRIA 6) LYSOSOMES 7) PEROXISOMES 8) MICROFILAMENTS & MICROTUBLES 9) CENTROSOME 10) CILIA & FLAGELLA 11) VESICLES 12) NUCLEUS	7
3737753146	CELL MEMBRANE (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: MEMBRANE COMPOSED OF PROTEIN & LIPID MOLECULES F: MAINTAINS INTEGRITY OF CELL & CONTROLS PASSAGE OF MATERIALS INTO & OUT OF CELL	8
3737753147	ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)	S: COMPLEX OF INTERCONNECTED MEMBRANE-BOUNDED SACS & CANALS F: TRANSPORTS MATERIAL W/I CELL PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR RIBOSOMES SYNTHESIZES LIPIDS	9
3737753148	RIBOSOMES (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: PARTICLES COMPOSED OF PROTEIN & RNA MOLECULES F: SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS	10
3737753149	GOLGI APPARATUS (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: GROUP OF FLATTEN, MEMBRANOUS SACS F: PACKAGES PROTEIN MOLECULES FOR TRANSPORT & SECRETION	11
3737753150	MITOCHONDRIA (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: MEMBRANOUS SACS W/ INNER PARTITIONS F: MAKES ENERGY (POWERHOUSE)	12
3737753151	LYSOSOMES (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: MEMBRANOUS SACS F: DIGEST WORN CELLULAR PARTS OR SUBSTANCES & SECRETIONS	13
3737753152	PEROXISOMES (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: MEMBRANOUS SACS F: HOUSES ENZYMES THAT CATALYZE DIVERSE REACTIONS BREAKDOWN OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE & FATTY ACIDS	14
3737753153	MICROFILAMENTS & MICROTUBULES (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: THIN RODS & TUBULES F: SUPPORTS CYTOPLASM HELPS MOVE SUBSTANCES & ORGANELLES W/I THE CYTOPLASM	15
3737753154	CENTROSOME (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: NONMEMBRANOUS STRUCTURE COMPOSED OF 2 RODLIKE CENTRIOLES F: HELPS DISTRIBUTE CHROMOSOMES TO NEW CELLS DURING CELL DIVISION	16
3737753155	CILIA & FLAGELLA (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: MOTILE PROJECTIONS ATTACHED BENEATH THE CELL MEMBRANE F: PROPELS FLUID OVER CELLULAR SURFACES ENABLES SPERM TO MOVE	17
3737753156	VESICLES (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: MEMBRANOUS SACS F: CONTAIN & TRANSPORT VARIOUS SUBSTANCES	18
3737753157	NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: DBL MEMBRANE THAT SEPARATES THE NUCLEAR CONTENTS FROM THE CYTOPLASM F: MAINTAINS INTEGRITY OF NUCLEUS CONTROLS PASSAGE OF MATERIALS BETWEEN NUCLEUS & CYTOPLASM	19
3737753158	NUCLEOLUS (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: DENSE, NONMEMBRANOUS BODY COMPOSED OF PROTEIN & RNA F: SITE OF RIBOSOME SYNTHESIS	20
3737753159	CHROMATIN (STRUCTURE & FUNCTION)	S: FIBERS COMPOSED OF PROTEIN & DNA F: CONTAINS INFORMATION FOR SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS	21
3737753160	DIFFUSION	TENDENCY OF MOLECULES OR IONS IN A LIQUID OR AIR SOLUTION TO MOVE FROM REGIONS OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO REGIONS OF LOWER CONCENTRATION	22
3737753161	FACILITATED DIFFUSION	SUBSTANCES NOT ABLE TO PASS THRU THE LIPID BILAYER NEED HELP OF A PROTEIN TO GET ACROSS THE MEMBRANE	23
3737753162	OSMOSIS	MOVEMENT OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE INTO AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION	24
3737753163	ISOTONIC	ANY SOLUTION THAT HAS THE SAME OSMOTIC PRESSURE (EQUAL)	25
3737753164	HYPERTONIC	SOLUTES THAT HAVE HIGHER CONCENTRATION THAN THE BODY FLUIDS	26
3737753165	HYPOTONIC	SOLUTES THAT HAVE A LOWER CONCENTRATION THAN THE BODY FLUIDS	27
3737753166	DIFFERENT TYPES OF OSMOTIC PRESSURES	1) ISOTONIC (EQUAL) 2) HYPERTONIC (MORE SOLUTE LESS FLUID) 3) HYPOTONIC (MORE FLUID LESS SOLUTE)	28
3737753167	FILTRATION	FORCES MOLECULES THROUGH THE MEMBRANE	29
3737753168	ACTIVE TRANSPORT	PROCESS THAT MOVES PARTICLES THROUGH MEMBRANES FROM A REGION OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO REGION OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION NEEDS ATP (ENERGY) USES SPECIFIC CARRIER MOLECULES EX: NA+ (SODIUM) SUGARS / AMINO ACIDS / POTASSIUM / CALCIUM & HYDROGEN IONS TRANSFERRED IN & OUT	30
3737753169	DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSPORT IN & OUT OF CELL	PASSIVE 1) DIFFUSION 2) FACILITATED TRANSPORT ACTIVE 1) ACTIVE TRANSPORT	31
3737753170	ENDOCYTOSIS	MOLECULES OR OTHER PARTICLES ARE PUT INTO VESICLES (MADE FROM CELL MEMBRANE) TO ENTER THE CELL	32
3737753171	EXOCYTOSIS	VESICLES FUSES WITH MEMBRANE & RELEASES CONTENTS OUTSIDE OF THE CELL EX: NEUROTRAMITTER RELEASE	33
3737753172	PINOCYTOSIS	MEMBRANE ENGULFS DROPLETS OF LIQUID FROM SURROUNDINGS	34
3737753173	PHAGOCYTOSIS	MEMBRANE ENGULFS PARTICLES FROM SURROUNDINGS	35