| 1473246063 | thomas paine's common sense | 1776- Paine argued for independence, directly attacking allegiance to the monarchy, refocusing hostility previously vented on Parliament. The pamphlet was published anonymously in Philadelphia. He proved himself the consummate Revolutionary rhetorician. The Common sense of the matter, it seemed, was that King George III bore the responsibility for the malevolence toward the colonist. Before Paine, few colonists thought Independence was an option. | | 0 |
| 1473246064 | stamp act congress | Meeting which nine of the thirteen colonies held in Philadelphia in 1765 to discuss the Stamp Act; claimed that admiralty courts were abusive, colonists had same rights as Englishmen, and Parliament could not tax the colonists due to lack of representation. | | 1 |
| 1473246065 | first continental congress | Delagates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and to promote independence | | 2 |
| 1473246066 | boston massacre | 1770; 5 civilians who were part of a mob killed by British soldiers; depicted as a brutal slaughter in colonial newspapers | | 3 |
| 1473246067 | open door policy | A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. | | 4 |
| 1473246068 | jonathan edwards | man associated with the great awakening | | 5 |
| 1473246069 | great awakening | early 18th century religious revival | | 6 |
| 1473246070 | great society | lyndon b. johnson's domestic economic program of the '60s that included policies of fighting poverty and racial injustice | | 7 |
| 1473246071 | know-nothing party | they were a party established in 1854 that demanded an end to immigration into the united states and were very anti-catholic and had strong support in new york and new england | | 8 |
| 1473246072 | horizontal integration | a company that buys up other businesses in the same industry is an example of ________________ | | 9 |
| 1473246073 | vertical integration | controlling production from the raw material stage through distribution to the consumer - for example, the steel industry under andrew carnegie, who owned coal mines, railroads, and steam ships as well as steel mills | | 10 |
| 1473246074 | andrew carnegie | his steel industry was an example of vertical integration because he owned coal mines, railroads, and steam ships as well as steel mills and vertical integration is controlling production from the raw material stage through distribution to the customer | | 11 |
| 1473246075 | carpetbaggers | northerners who sought economic opportunity in the south after the civil war | | 12 |
| 1473246076 | direct election of senators | was provided for in the 17th amendment | | 13 |
| 1473246077 | state legislatures | before the 17th amendment, senators were chosen by _________________, a form of indirect election | | 14 |
| 1473246078 | bill of rights | the first 10 amendments in to the constitution, effective december 1771 | | 15 |
| 1473246079 | city manager government | a professional administrator runs local government in accordance with the policies of elected officials, reflects the Progressives' emphasis on efficiency, | | 16 |
| 1473246080 | jamestown | the first permanent english colony in north america | | 17 |
| 1473246081 | after | the ratification of the constitution came ______ the declaration of independence | | 18 |
| 1473246082 | jamestown | colony that was founded in 1607, was the first permanent english colony in north america | | 19 |
| 1473246083 | sir walter raleigh | he tried to establish a colony at roanoke in the 1580s and failed | | 20 |
| 1473246084 | st. augustine | english colony founded by spain in 1565 | | 21 |
| 1473246085 | plymouth | english colony established in 1620 | | 22 |
| 1473246086 | maryland | colony founded by lord baltimore in 1634 as a religious haven for catholics | | 23 |
| 1473246087 | homestead act | offered 160 acres of public lands in the west to any citizen for a low fee, encouraged western migration | | 24 |
| 1473246088 | 1845 | year texas was annexed | | 25 |
| 1473246089 | 1846 | year of mexican war | | 26 |
| 1473246090 | oregon boundary settlement | James K. Polk, 1846-the Oregon Territory had claims on it from Spain, Russia, Britain, and the US, through the Florida Treaty of 1819, Spain gave its Oregon land to the US, Russia split its land between the US and Britain, Britain had its claims from occupation, treaties, exploration, and discovery, Americas claims were more recent than Britain's, up until the 1840's, Britain and the US stayed peacefully together, but then many American settlers moved there, many people wanted to gain full control of Oregon, the US proposed a deal to the British in the early 1840's that suggested the British border be moved west, at first the nation refused, but in 1846 they proposed he same deal and the US accepted | | 27 |
| 1473246091 | 1849 | year of california gold rush | | 28 |
| 1473246092 | truman | the taft-hartley act occurred during the ___________ administration | | 29 |
| 1473246093 | taft-hartley act | act that significantly affected labor unions that became law in 1947 over truman's veto, declared the closed shop ILLEGAL and permitted the union shop, forbade jurisdictional strikes and secondary boycotts, included the right of employers to be exempted from bargaining with unions unless they wished to, forbade unions from contributing to political campaigns and required union leaders to affirm they were not supporters of the Communist Party | | 30 |
| 1473246094 | stimson doctrine | doctrine that stated that the US would not recognize territory acquired by force, was a direct response to Japan's invasion of Manchuria | | 31 |
| 1473246095 | cuban missile crisis | an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later. | | 32 |
| 1473246096 | bay of pigs invasion | kennedy's plan to have people who fled cuba to the US go back to cuba and lead a revolution inspiring the people to overthrow castro, failed terribly | | 33 |
| 1473246097 | bacon's rebellion | 1676 - the guy this is named after and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with the guy this is named after as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when the guy this is named after died of an illness. | | 34 |
| 1473246098 | pequot war | Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down the pequot village and 400 were killed | | 35 |
| 1473246099 | whiskey rebellion | farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey; the army, led by George Washington, put down the rebellion; showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem | | 36 |
| 1473246100 | king philip's war | 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. | | 37 |
| 1473246101 | charities | hoover responded to the depression by supporting private relief efforts by ____________ | | 38 |
| 1473246102 | loans | hoover responded to the depression by making __________ available to financial institutions, railroads, and insurance companies | | 39 |
| 1473246103 | private relief efforts | hoover's basic response to the depression was to rely on __________________ | | 40 |
| 1473246104 | reconstruction finance corporation | late in hoover's term as the depression continued to worsen, he did establish the ___________________________ to put federal money into the economy | | 41 |
| 1473246105 | reconstruction finance corporation | Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief (federal money) to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks. | | 42 |
| 1473523782 | NATO | the military alliance that confronted the soviet union and eastern european nations of the warsaw pact; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries | | 43 |
| 1473523783 | warsaw pact | A communist dictatorship alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to NATO | | 44 |
| 1473523784 | truman doctrine | committed the US to protect greece and turkey , (HT) , 1947, policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey because britain had been helping them before but was running out of money and asked us to help out | | 45 |
| 1473523785 | 1492 | year columbus lands in hispaniola | | 46 |
| 1473523786 | pueblo revolt | Pope leads Indians against Spanish colonists for forcing Indian conversions | | 47 |
| 1473523787 | france | they were more humane with the native americans and had good relations with them | | 48 |
| 1473523788 | golden age | when the dutch dominated commerce and were economically prosperous | | 49 |
| 1473523789 | smallpox and influenza | 2 diseases brought over by europeans to the US that decimated native american populations | | 50 |
| 1473523790 | southwest | the zuni and hopi civilizations were located in the _______________ | | 51 |
| 1473523791 | zuni and hopi | 2 civilizations that had large multiple family dwellings in in canyons in the southwest that they left because of drought | | 52 |
| 1473523792 | west coast | __________ Indians primarily lived by fishing, gathering, and hunting sea mammals | | 53 |
| 1473523793 | great plains | ____________ Indians were often buffalo hunters | | 54 |
| 1473523794 | iroquois confederacy | also called the great league of peace, was a loose confederacy of indian tribes, indian version of NATO | | 55 |
| 1473523795 | animals | native american hunting tribes focused on a religion of __________ | | 56 |
| 1473523796 | good harvests | native american agricultural tribes focused on a religion of _________________ | | 57 |
| 1473523797 | single | most indian groups believed in a _________ creator god who stood above all the other deities | | 58 |
| 1473523798 | no | were indians monotheistic? | | 59 |
| 1473523799 | land | to native americans, _______ was a common resource that village leaders could assign to families for use, but not to own, and most of it was seen as common to everyone | | 60 |
| 1473523800 | yes | were there class distinctions in indian tribes? | | 61 |
| 1473523801 | more | wealth was ________ distributed evenly in indian tribes than it was in europe | | 62 |
| 1473523802 | women | __________ surprisingly were often religious leaders in native american tribes | | 63 |
| 1473523803 | spanish | they were the first of the europeans to explore north america | | 64 |
| 1473523804 | juan ponce de leon | he arrived in present day florida in 1513 looking for gold and the fabled fountain of youth | | 65 |
| 1473523805 | alvar nunez cabeza de vaca | spanish explorer of the 16th century who wandered through the southwest looking for gold and was unsuccessful | | 66 |
| 1473523806 | military bases | the spanish wanted to colonize florida so they could set up _______________ to fight pirates who preyed on silver-filled ships coming out of mexico | | 67 |
| 1473523807 | southwest | spain was the most successful at colonizing the American ______________ | | 68 |
| 1473523808 | santa fe | spain's first permanent settlement established in 1610 | | 69 |
| 1473523809 | new mexico | the site of the first large scale uprising by native americans against europeans | | 70 |
| 1473523810 | pueblos | name given to natives by the spanish | | 71 |
| 1473523811 | pope | the religious leader who in 1680 organized an uprising to drive the spaniards out of the santa fe colony in new mexico | | 72 |
| 1473523812 | encomienda | forced labor practice for indians that the spanish came up with, was abandoned after the pueblo revolt in new mexico when the spanish were driven out of santa fe by indians led by their leader pope for 12 years | | 73 |
| 1473523813 | de las casas | the one spaniard who recognized that his countrymen were terrible | | 74 |
| 1473523814 | black legend | the tale that the spanish unleashed unspeakable cruelty on the indians used by later settlers (especially the english) to justify their own settlements as less harsh therefore viable | | 75 |
| 1473523815 | spanish | later settlers used the black legend to justify that their settlements helped to save the indians from the ________________ | | 76 |
| 1473525415 | maryland | first state to ratify the constitution | | 77 |
| 1473761325 | land ordinance of 1785 | surveyed the northwest territory | | 78 |
| 1473761326 | attack on fort sumter | virginia, north carolina, tennessee, and arkansas seceded after the _________________ | | 79 |
| 1473761327 | vespucci | explorer from spain who explored the coast of south america | | 80 |
| 1473761328 | pilgrims | plymouth colony was founded by ___________ | | 81 |
| 1473761329 | massachusetts bay company | the massachusetts bay colony was founded by the _______________________ | | 82 |
| 1473761330 | roger williams | rhode island colony was founded by _____________ and was significant for religious toleration | | 83 |
| 1473761331 | thomas hooker | the connecticut colony was founded by _________ and was significant for the fundamental orders of connecticut | | 84 |
| 1473761332 | james oglethorope | the georgia colony was founded by ________________ as a buffer against spanish florida | | 85 |
| 1473761333 | antinomianism | an interpretation of puritan beliefs that stressed god's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with anne hutchinson | | 86 |
| 1473761334 | enumerated articles | under the english navigation acts, those commodities that could be shipped only to england or to other english colonies; originally included sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo | | 87 |
| 1473761335 | mesoamerica | "Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America | | 88 |
| 1473761336 | treaty of tordesillas | A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal | | 89 |
| 1473761337 | great awakening | religious revival movement during 1730s and 1740s; leaders were george whitefield and jonathan edwards; religious pluralism was promoted by the idea that all protestant denominations were legitimate | | 90 |
| 1473761338 | great migration | settlement of over 20k puritans in massachusetts bay and other parts of new england between 1630 and 1642 | | 91 |
| 1473761339 | half-way covenant | in 1662, puritans permitted the baptized children of church members into a "halfway" membership in the congregation and allowed them to baptize their children; they still could not vote or take communion | | 92 |
| 1473761340 | headright system | method of attracting settlers to virginia; after 1618, it gave fifty acres of land to anyone who paid for their own passage or for that of any other settlers who might be sent or brought to the colony | | 93 |
| 1473761341 | indentured servants | individuals who sold their labor for a fixed number of years in return for passage to the colonies; indentured servants were usually young, unemployed men and could be sold | | 94 |
| 1473761342 | joint-stock company | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. | | 95 |
| 1473761343 | mercantilism | economic policy that held that the strength of a nation is based on the amount of gold and silver it has; also, that the country needs a favorable balance of trade and that colonies exist for the good of the mother country as a source of raw materials and a market for manufactured goods | | 96 |
| 1473761344 | middle passage | the sea route followed by slave traders from the west coast of africa to the western hemisphere | | 97 |
| 1473761345 | proprietary colony | a colony founded as a grant of land by the king to an individual or group of individuals; maryland (1634) and carolina (1663) were proprietary colonies | | 98 |
| 1473761346 | separatists | those who wanted to break all connections with the church of england as opposed to most puritans who believed it was possible to reform the church; the puritans were part of this group | | 99 |
| 1473761347 | triangular trade | trade pattern that developed in the colonies; new england shipped rum -> west africa, west africa shipped slaves -> west indies, west indies -> molasses to new england | | 100 |
| 1473761348 | sugar act | expanded the list of enumerated articles; stricter enforcement of trade regulations | | 101 |
| 1473761349 | pontiac's rebellion | 1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed. | | 102 |
| 1473761350 | house of representatives | members elected for 2 year terms; number of representatives for each state based on population; all revenue bills originate here | | 103 |
| 1473761351 | 2/3 | the president's veto of a law passed by congress can be overridden by a _________ vote of both houses | | 104 |
| 1473761352 | enumerated powers | they collect taxes; regulate foreign and interstate commerce, coin money, establish post offices and post roads, declare war, raise and support army and navy, make all laws necessary to carry out above ("necessary and proper clause") | | 105 |
| 1473761353 | 1808 | prior to ______, congress cannot prohibit importation of slaves | | 106 |
| 1473761354 | habeas corpus | An order to produce an arrested person before a judge. | | 107 |
| 1473761355 | legislative branch | article 1: _____________________ (congress) | | 108 |
| 1473761356 | executive branch | article 2: ______________________ (pres & VP) | | 109 |
| 1473761357 | judicial branch | article 3: _____________________ (supreme court) | | 110 |
| 1473761358 | relations with states | article 4: _________________________ | | 111 |
| 1473761359 | amendment process | article 5: _____________________________ | | 112 |
| 1473761360 | 13th amendment | this amendment abolished slavery | | 113 |
| 1473761361 | 14th amendment | this amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law, declared that all persons born in the US were citizenship, that all citizens were entilted to equal rights and their rights wer protected by due process | | 114 |
| 1473761362 | 9 | ratification of the constitution requires _____ of the 13 states to say yes | | 115 |
| 1473761363 | 15th amendment | this amendment declared that the right to vote was guaranteed irrespective of race, color, or former condition of slavery | | 116 |
| 1473761364 | 16th amendment | this amendment gave congress the power to tax income | | 117 |
| 1473761365 | 19th amendment | this amendment gave women the right to vote | | 118 |
| 1473761366 | antifederalists | poor, rural people who opposed a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the bill of rights | | 119 |
| 1473761367 | checks and balances | system that says that the power of each branch of government is limited by the other | | 120 |
| 1473761368 | compact theory of government | the idea that the constitution was a compact of sovereign states, and when the government exceeded its limited powers, the states had the right to take action - this idea is reflected in the VA and KY resolutions | | 121 |
| 1473761369 | enumeratd powers | powers specifically given to congress in the constitution, includes power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war | | 122 |
| 1473761370 | federalists | members of the wealthy enlightened ruling class who supported a strong central government and stressed the importance of maintaining the social order and the rights of property; members include GW, Hamilton, and JM | | 123 |
| 1473761371 | loose construction | constitution is broadly interpreted, recognizing that it could not possibly anticipate all future developments; relies on idea of implied power and the necessary and proper clause; came up during debate on chartering bank of US | | 124 |
| 1473761372 | protective tariff | a tax on goods imported into the country that is intended to protect manufacturing and industry from foreign competition | | 125 |
| 1473761373 | strict construction | constitution is narrowly interpreted to give the federal government only those powers specifically delegated to it | | 126 |
| 1473761374 | supremacy clause | the constitution, treaties entered into by the US, and laws passed by congress are superior to state laws | | 127 |
| 1473761375 | marbury vs. madison | court case that was the first time an act of congress was declared unconstitutional; established the principle of judicial review (court's power to determine the constitutionality of laws) | | 128 |
| 1473761376 | fletcher vs. peck | court case that wast he first time a state law was declared unconstitutional; the contract cause and property rights of the constitution overrode state law | | 129 |
| 1473761377 | dartmouth college vs. woodward | court case that said that the charter of a private corporation is protected for under the constitution | | 130 |
| 1473761378 | mcculloch vs. maryland | court case that upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the US, example of loose construction of the constitution | | 131 |
| 1473761379 | gibbons vs. ogden | court case that affirmed federal control of interstate commerce under the commerce clause of the constitution | | 132 |
| 1473761380 | monroe doctrine | this doctrine declared that europe had to stay out of western hemisphere affairs | | 133 |
| 1473761381 | corrupt bargain | Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson | | 134 |
| 1473761382 | american system | henry clay's economic program that supported a national bank, high tariffs, internal improvements, and a strong role for the federal government in the economy | | 135 |
| 1473761383 | era of good feelings | the period after the war of 1812 during monroe's presidency when there was no competition between political parties | | 136 |
| 1473761384 | war of 1812 | A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. | | 137 |
| 1473761385 | impressment | british practice of taking american sailors from american ships and forcing them into the british navy; a factor in the war of 1812 | | 138 |
| 1473761386 | kitchenc abinet | informal group of friends who advised jackson during his administration - jackson believed the "official" cabinet's main function was to carry out his orders | | 139 |
| 1473761387 | nullification | the theory that states could declare a law passed by congress "null and void"; the roots of the idea go back to jefferson's compact theory of govenrment | | 140 |
| 1473761388 | pet bank | a state bank that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the second bank of the united states | | 141 |
| 1473761389 | spoils system | A system of public government employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends. | | 142 |
| 1473761390 | war hawks | nationalist members of congress who strongly supported war with GB on the eve of the war of 1812; members include henry clay and john c calhoun | | 143 |
| 1473761391 | bleeding kansas | the virtual civil war that erupted in kansas between proslavery and free soilers as a consequence of the kansas-nebraska act | | 144 |
| 1473761392 | kansas-nebraska act | 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. | | 145 |
| 1473761393 | 54 40 or fight | slogan of democrats in election of 1844, which claimed 54, 40 as the boundary of the oregon territory, In the election of 1844, Polk used this as a campaign slogan, implying that the he would declare war if Britain did not give the United States all the Oregon territory up to its northern boundary. | | 146 |
| 1473761394 | freeport doctirne | the position on slavery taken by stephen douglas during debates with lincoln; slavery could not exist if local legislation did not accept it | | 147 |
| 1473761395 | manifest destiny | americans had the god-given right to spread their institutions and culture across the continent - the ideological justification for territorial expansion in the 1840s | | 148 |
| 1473761396 | nativism | response to increased immigration in the 1840s, reflected a fear that the US was being taken over by foreigners | | 149 |
| 1473761397 | popular sovereignty | says that the decision to permit slavery in a territory as up to the territorial legislature | | 150 |
| 1473761398 | transcendentalism | american expression of the romantic movement that emphasized the limits of reason, individual freedom and nature, represented by emerson and thoreau | | 151 |
| 1473798184 | fort sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War | | 152 |
| 1473798185 | anaconda plan | plan to cut off south's access to everything and choke them like a snake, Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south | | 153 |
| 1473798186 | antietam | A battle near a sluggish little creek, it proved to be the bloodiest single day battle in American History with over 26,000 lives lost in that single day. | | 154 |
| 1473798187 | mcclellan | After failing to capture Richmond, General _________ retreated to Washington DC. Robert E Lee, in an effort to capture D.C., advanced north and fought McClellan at the Battle of Antietam. | | 155 |
| 1473798188 | stonewall jackson | Brave commander of the Confederate Army that led troops at Bull Run. He died in the confusion at the Battle of Chancellorsville. | | 156 |
| 1473798189 | shiloh | This was battle fought by Grant in an attempt to capture the railroad of the South. The battle was fought in the west prevented the north from obtaining an easy victory. However, the Confederates strong resistance showed that they would not go quietly and the war was far from over. | | 157 |
| 1473798190 | vicksburg | Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union. | | 158 |
| 1473798191 | ulysses s grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. | | 159 |
| 1473798192 | sherman's march to the sea | After the burning of Atlanta Georgia on Nov 15 1864, sherman marched 300 miles to savannah and arrived there December 22nd 1864 with the 1st alabama cavalry regiment. | | 160 |
| 1473798193 | gettysburg | A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. Gettysburg is the war's most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, and for President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. | | 161 |
| 1473798194 | chancellorsville | A major battle in the American Civil War (1863), the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces under Joseph Hooker. General Jackson was killed by friendly fire. | | 162 |
| 1473798195 | appomattox | the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant | | 163 |
| 1473798196 | matthew brady | Civil War Photographer | | 164 |
| 1473798197 | morrill land grant act | act, the federal government had donated public land to the states for the establishment of college; as a result 69 land- grant institutions were established. | | 165 |
| 1473798198 | black codes | passed by state legislatures in 1865-66, granted former slaves right to marry, sue, testify in court, and hold property but with significant qualifications | | 166 |
| 1473798199 | border states | slave states - DL, MD, KY, MISSOURI - that remained loyal to the union; the secession of these states would have considerably strengthened the south | | 167 |
| 1473798200 | compromise of 1877 | rutherford b. hayes and other republicans agreed that US troops would be withdrawn from the south, agreed to appoint a southerner to the cabinet, and pledged federal projects to the south in return for an end to democratic opposition to official counting of the electoral votes for the disputed election of 1876 | | 168 |
| 1473798201 | copperheads | northern democrats, also called peace democrats, who opposed lincoln's war policies and were concerned with the growth of presidential power | | 169 |
| 1473798202 | ex parte milligan | supreme court decision involving presidential war powers; ruled that civilians could not be tried in military courts in wartime when the federal courts were functioning | | 170 |
| 1473798203 | presidential reconstruction | put forward by johnson; repealed ordinances of secession, repudiated confederate debt; ratified the 13th amendment | | 171 |
| 1473798204 | radical reconstruction | provided for dividing states into military districts with military commanders to oversee voter registration that included adult african american males for state conventions; state conventions to draft constitutions that provided for suffrage for black men; state legislatures to ratify the 14th amendment | | 172 |
| 1473798205 | scalawags | southern white republicans who had opposed secession | | 173 |
| 1473798206 | sharecropping | common form of farming for freed slaves in the south; received a small plot of land, seed, fertilizer, tools from the landlord who decided what and how much should be planted; landlord usually took half of the harves | | 174 |
| 1473798207 | ten percent plan | lincoln's proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction that provided that the new state governments could be established in the south WHEN 10% OF THE QUALIFIED VOTERS IN 1860 TOOK AN OATH OF LOYALTY | | 175 |
| 1473798208 | plessy vs. ferguson | created separate bute qual | | 176 |
| 1473798209 | munn vs. illinois | A Supreme Court Case that allowed the government to regulate railroads | | 177 |
| 1473798210 | atlanta compromise | argument put forward by booker t washington that blacks should not focus on civil rights or social equality but should concentrate on economic self improvement | | 178 |
| 1473798211 | craft unions | labor unions whose members were SKILLED workers in a particular craft - the AFl is composed of individual ones of these | | 179 |
| 1473798212 | crime of '73 | when the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard, was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, especially farmers in debt who wanted inflation to help them and wanted the silver-backing | | 180 |
| 1473798213 | dawes act | act that changed the reservation system and granted 160 acres and US citizenship to native american heads of families who agreed to give up their tribal allegiance | | 181 |
| 1473798214 | gilded age | the name applied to the 1870s and 1880s during which national politics was characterized by party rivalries, the spoils system, and unregulated business competition | | 182 |
| 1473798215 | long vs. short haul | the cost of shipping goods a short distance was greater than over along distance; railroads charged higher rates on lines with no competition than on routes where several lines were operating | | 183 |
| 1473798216 | social gospel | A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation. | | 184 |
| 1473798217 | the grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | | 185 |
| 1473798218 | greenback party | Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress. | | 186 |
| 1473799973 | sherman anti-trust act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | | 187 |
| 1473799974 | horatio alger | Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work | | 188 |
| 1473799975 | national labor union | 1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8hr work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers | | 189 |
| 1473799976 | comstock lode | First discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada. | | 190 |
| 1474071111 | washington disarmament conference | An international conference on the limitation of naval fleet construction begins in Washington. Under the leadership of the American Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes the representatives of the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan pledge not to exceed the designated sizes of their respective naval fleets | | 191 |
| 1474071112 | london naval conference | This consisted of three major international naval conferences in London, the first in 1908-09, the second in 1930 and the third in 1935. The latter two, together with the Washington Naval Conference in 1921-22 and the Geneva Conferences (1927 and 1932), resulted in agreements between the major powers on navy vessel numbers, armaments and the rules of engagement in the inter-war period. | | 192 |
| 1474071113 | kellogg-briand pact | Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another | | 193 |
| 1474071114 | dawes plan | an attempt following World War I for the Triple Entente to collect war reparations debt from Germany | | 194 |
| 1474071115 | young plan | a program for settlement of German reparations debts after World War I written in 1929 and formally adopted in 1930. | | 195 |
| 1474071116 | clark memorandum | 1931- state department issues a new policy repudiating the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin America under the Roosevelt Corollary--> "Good Neighbor policy" | | 196 |
