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Chapter 10: Causes of Change Flashcards

3577699366	heat	the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.	0
3577699367	enthalpy	the sum of the internal energy of a system plus the product of the system's volume multiplied by the pressure that the system exerts on its surroundings.	1
3577699368	temperature	a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.	2
3577699847	thermodynamics	the branch of science concerned with the energy changes that accompany chemical and physical changes.	3
3577700262	calorimetry	the measurement of heat-related constants, such as specific heat or latent heat.	4
3577700263	calorimeter	a device used to measure the heat absorbed or released in a chemical or physical change.	5
3577700625	Hess's law	the law that states that the amount of heat released or absorbed in a chemical reaction does not depend on the number of steps in the reaction.	6
3577700873	entropy	a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system.	7
3577700874	Gibbs energy	the energy in a system that is available for work.	8

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Maths Flashcards

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2726706403	trapezium	A quadrilateral (4-sided shape) with one pair of parallel sides	0
2726706725	quadrilaterals	4 sided polygon	1
2726707250	parallelogram	A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides	2
2726707966	rhombus	A parallelogram with four equal sides	3
2726708518	rectangle	A parallelogram with four right angles	4
2726708716	square	4 equal sides. 90 degree angles.	5
2726710550	isosceles	A triangle that has 2 equal sides.	6
2726710704	equilateral	A triangle that has all three sides the same length.	7
2726711088	scalene	A triangle with no equal sides	8
2726711316	triangle	a three-sided polygon	9
2726711793	right angled triangle	A triangle with a right angle	10
2726711970	protractor	A tool used to measure angles	11
2726712156	radius	A straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere.	12
2726712317	diameter	A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.	13
2726712598	circumference	The distance around a circle	14
2726712850	arc	the shape of part of a circle	15
2726713642	sector	The part of a circle that looks like a piece of pie. A sector is bounded by 2 radii and an arc of the circle.	16
2726714152	parallel	If two or more lines, streets, etc. are parallel, the distance between them is the same all along their length	17
2726714729	perpendicular	At an angle of 90˚ to a given line, plane, or surface.	18
2726714925	vertical	standing or pointing straight up or at an angle of 90° to a horizontal surface or line	19
2726716229	horizontal	Going straight across from side to side	20
2726716603	acute angle	An angle less than 90 degrees	21
2726716855	right angle	90 degree angle	22
2726717134	obtuse angle	An angle between 90 and 180 degrees	23
2726717179	straight angle	An angle of 180 degrees	24
2726717349	reflex angle	Between 180 and 360 degrees	25
2726717965	pentagon	5 sided polygon	26
2726718176	hexagon	6 sided polygon	27
2726718282	heptagon	A polygon with 7 sides.	28
2726718376	octagon	8 sided polygon	29
2726719058	nonagon	A polygon with 9 sides	30
2726719150	decagon	10 sided polygon	31
2726719259	hendecagon	11 sided polygon	32
2726719359	dodecagon	12 sided polygon	33

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Emergency Care 13 Edition Chapter 1 Flashcards

Introduction to Emergency Medical Care

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3260259627	A system for telephone access to report emergencies	9 1 1 system	0
3260268244	The earliest documented emergency medical service was in:	France in the 1790's	1
3260273183	Quality Improvement	A process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that requires improvement.	2
3260324675	In 1966, the __________ charged the U.S. _________ with developing EMS standards and helping the states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care.	National Highway Safety Act ( NHSA) ; Department of Transportation ( DOT)	3
3260337755	Medical Director	A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system.	4
3260565742	Medical Direction	Oversight of the patient-care aspects of EMS system by the Medical Director.	5
3260575785	Designated Agent	An EMT or other person authorized by a Medical Director to give Medications and provide emergency care.	6
3260594727	Off- Line medical direction	Standing Orders issued by the Medical Director that allows EMT to give certain Medication or perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Director or another Physician.	7
3260614301	On-line medical direction	Orders from the On- duty Physician given directly to the EMT in the field by radio or telephone.	8
3260627157	Protocols	List of steps, such as assessment and interventions, to be taken in different situations.	9
3260639500	Standing Orders	A policy or protocols issued by a Medical Director, that authorize EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.	10
3260659599	Evidence-based	Description of medical techniques or safety and efficacy rather than merely supposition and tradition.	11
3260673303	Patient outcomes	The long-term survival of patients.	12
3260691904	Who publishes curricula for the EMR, EMT, AEMT, and Paramedic levels?	The U.S. Department of Transportation	13
3260725284	The Categories and standards of an EMS system established by the NHTSA are:	Regulation and Policy, Resource Management, Human Resources and Training, Trauma systems, Public Information and Education, Communication, Transportation, Facilities, Evaluation, Medical Direction,	14
3260780893	4 Levels Of EMS Certification:	Emergency Medical Responder - EMR Emergency Medical Technician- EMT Advanced Emergency Medical Technician- AEMT Paramedic	15
3260768135	Six Type of Specialty Hospitals:	Trauma Centers Poison Control Centers Stroke Centers Pediatric Centers Burn Centers Cardiac Centers	16
3260800105	Responsibility of an EMT:	Personal Safety Safety of crew, patient and bystanders Patient Assessment Patient Care Lifting and moving Transport Transfer of care Patient Advocacy	17
3260850038	The major emphasis of EMT education deals with_____ of the ill or injured patient in the prehospital setting.	Immediate life-threatening care	18
3260867819	Patient care provided by the EMT should be based on:	Assessment findings	19
3260917264	An example of ensuring continuity during the transfer of care of the patient would be:	Providing pertinent patient information to the hospital staff.	20

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Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Chapter 34 Flashcards

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

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2757490822	vertebrates	Animals with backbones	0
2757490823	Chordates	an animal phylum that has a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and gill slits at some time in its life cycle	1
2757490824	notochord	a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates	2
2757490825	lancets	Invertebrate chordates that are small, fish-like creatures that live on the ocean bottom	3
2757490826	pharyngeal slits	Slits used for filter feeding in primitive chordates and have been adapted for other functions in more highly evolved chordates; a common feature of all chordates.	4
2757490827	pharyngeal clefts	In chordate embryos, grooves that separate a series of pouches along the sides of the pharynx and may develop into pharyngeal slits.	5
2757490828	Chordate characteristics	dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches, tail posterior to anus	6
2757490829	tunicates	Members of the subphylum Urochordata, sessile marine chordates that lack a backbone.	7
2757490830	craniates	Chordates with a head, have a skull, brain, eyes, sensory organs, and the neural crest, a collection of cells near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo	8
2757490831	neural crest	A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm; the cells migrate to various parts of the embryo and form the pigment cells in the skin, bones of the skull, the teeth, the adrenal glands, and parts of the peripheral nervous system.	9
2757490832	Conodonts	slender, soft bodied vertebrates with prominent eyes that were controlled by numerous muscles and armored; extinct	10
2757490833	gnathostomes	jawed vertebrates	11
2757490834	acanthodians	Group of jawed fishes, characterized by large spines in their fins.	12
2757490835	lateral line system	sensitive receptor system that enables fish to detect gentle currents and vibrations in the water	13
2757490836	chondrichthyans	member of the class Chondrichthyes, vertebrates with skeletons made mostly of cartilage, such as sharks and rays	14
2757490837	placoderms	extinct lineage of armored vertebrates	15
2757490838	oviparous	egg-laying	16
2757490839	ovoviviparous	producing living young from eggs that hatch within the body	17
2757490840	viviparous	producing living young (not eggs)	18
2757490841	cloaca	a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or sperm leave the body	19
2757490842	operculum	Movable flap that covers and protects the gills in fishes	20
2757490843	swim bladder	an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy	21
2757490844	ray- finned fishes	bony fishes, including trout, bass, perch, and tuna. their fins are supported by thin, flexible skeletal rays	22
2757490845	lobe-fins	a bony fish with strong, muscular fins supported by bones; extinct except for one species, the coelacanth	23
2757490846	tetrapods	vertebrate animals having four feet, legs or leglike appendages	24
2757490847	amphibians	vertebrates that live in water and on land, smooth skin covers body, lay eggs, cold blooded	25
2757490848	amniotes	member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo; mammals, birds+reptiles	26
2757490849	amniotic egg	A shelled, water-retaining egg that enables reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals to complete their life cycles on dry land	27
2757490850	reptile	any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms	28
2757490851	endothermic	(of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with absorption of heat	29
2757490852	parareptiles	First major group of reptiles to emerge, mostly large, stocky quadrupedal herbivores; died out in the late Triassic period	30
2757490853	diapsids	Reptiles possessing a skull with two pairs of openings behind each eye socket; includes squamates, birds, crocodiles, and dinosaurs	31
2757490854	lepidosaurs	The reptilian group that includes lizards, snakes, and two species of New Zealand animals called tuataras.	32
2757490855	ectothermic	of animals except birds and mammals	33
2757490856	archosaurs	The reptilian group that includes crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, and birds.	34
2757490857	Pterosaurs	Winged reptiles that lived during the time of dinosaurs.	35
2757490858	dinosaurs	An extremely diverse group of ancient reptiles varying in body shape, size, and habitat.	36
2757490859	theropods	A group of relatively small, bipedal, carnivorous dinosaurs.	37
2757490860	ratites	ostrich, kiwi, emu; flightless birds	38
2757490861	mammals	vertebrates that live on land, fur or hair covers body, live birth, warm blooded	39
2757490862	synapsids	have single opning in the outer layer of the skull just behind eye socket	40
2757490863	Monotremes	mammals that lay eggs	41
2757490864	marsupials	Mammals whose immature offspring complete their development in an external pouch.	42
2757490865	placenta	the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus	43
2757490866	Eutherians	placental mammals	44
2757490867	opposable thumb	An arrangement of the fingers such that the thumb can touch the ventral surface of the fingertips of all four fingers.	45
2757490868	anthropoids	A member of a primate group made up of the apes (gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo), monkeys, and humans.	46
2757490869	hominins	the members of the human lineage after it split with the chimpanzee lineage	47
2757490870	paleoanthropology	the scientific study of human fossils	48

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Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Chapter 32 Flashcards

An Overview of Animal Diversity
32.1 Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers
32.2 The history of animals spans more than half a billion years
32.3 Animals can be characterized by body plans
32.4 New views of animal phylogeny are emerging from molecular data

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2255036304	tissues	groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism	0
2255041406	structure of animals	- multicellular eukaryotes - lack cell walls - body held together by proteins called collagen - sexual reproduction - diploid stage	1
2255047415	Four defining features of animals body plan	1) type of body symmetry 2) presence/absence of a fluid-filled body cavity 3) embryo development 4) number of tissue types in embryos	2
2255036305	cleavage	a succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between the divisions	3
2255036306	blastula	The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development	4
2255062447	blastocoel	the hollow cavity formed during the blastula stage	5
2255036307	gastrulation	the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells - are the embryonic tissues that will develop into the adult body	6
2255036308	gastrula	double-walled stage of the embryo resulting from invagination of the blastula	7
2255036309	larva	the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose	8
2255036310	metamorphosis	the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals	9
2255036311	Ediacaran biota	An early group of soft-bodied, multicellular eukaryotes known from fossils that range in age from 565 million to 545 million years old.	10
2255036312	Cambrian explosion	A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 545 to 525 million years ago.	11
2255036313	body plan	In animals, a set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole—the living animal.	12
2255036314	radial symmetry	body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body -- no sides, back, front - only has a top and bottom side	13
2255036315	bilateral symmetry	the property of being symmetrical about a vertical plane - two sided symmetry	14
2255036316	dorsal	top	15
2255036317	ventral	bottom	16
2255036318	anterior	front	17
2255036319	posterior	back	18
2255036320	cephalization	concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body - head development	19
2255036321	endoderm	the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems	20
2335005506	endoderm formation	- epidermis of skin - epithelial lining of mouth and anus - cornea and lens of eye - nervous system	21
2255036322	ectoderm	The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye	22
2335010290	ectoderm formation	- skeletal system - muscular system - muscular layer of stomach and intestine - lining of body cavity - notochord	23
2255036323	diploblastic	Having two germ layers.	24
2255036324	mesoderm	the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue	25
2335015509	mesoderm formation	- epithelial lining of digestive tract - epithelial lining of respiratory system - lining of urinary bladder and reproductive system - liver	26
2255036325	triploblastic	Possessing three germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Most eumetazoans are triploblastic.	27
2255036326	body cavity	A fluid or air-containing space between the digestive tract and the body wall.	28
2255036327	coelom	body cavity lined by tissue on both sides, derived from mesoderm	29
2255036328	coelomates	An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm). - earthworm	30
2255036329	pseudocoelomates	An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm. - roundworm	31
2255036330	acoelomates	A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall. - planarians	32
2255036331	protostome development	In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the mouth from the blastopore; often also characterized by spiral cleavage and by the body cavity forming when solid masses of mesoderm split.	33
2255036332	deuterostome development	animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore of a blastula	34
2255036333	spiral cleavage	A type of embryonic development in protostomes, in which the planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo; smaller cells are centered over the grooves between larger, underlying cells.	35
2255036334	determinate cleavage	A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early.	36
2255036335	blastopore	The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes	37
2255036336	radial cleavage	A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in that the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other.	38
2255036337	indeterminate cleavage	A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.	39
2255036338	archenteron	The endoderm-lined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.	40
2255036339	Protostome Development Cleavage	spiral and determinate	41
2255036340	Deutrostome Development Cleavage	radial and indeterminate	42
2255036341	Protosome Coelom Formation	solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom	43
2255036342	Deuterostome Coelom Formation	folds of archenteron form coelon	44
2255036343	Protostome blastospore fate	mouth developments from blastopore	45
2255036344	Deuterostome blastopore fate	anus develops from blastopore	46
2255036345	eumetazoans	Member of a clade of animals with true tissues.	47
2255036346	All animals share a...	common ancestor	48
2255036347	Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with...	true tissues	49
2255036348	Sponges are...	basal animals	50
2255036349	Most animal phyla belong to the clade...	Bilateria	51
2255036350	Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clade...	Deuterostomia	52
2255036351	bilaterians	member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers.	53
2255036352	ecdysozoans	Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Many ecdysozoans are molting animals.	54
2255036353	lophotrochozoans	refers to animals in the taxa who either develop a lophophore or go through the trochophore larva stage	55
2255036354	lophophore	A horseshoe-shaped or circular fold of the body wall bearing ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth.	56
2255036355	trochophore larva	Distinctive larval stage observed in some lophotrochozoan animals, including some annelids and molluscs.	57

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Campbell Biology: 9th Edition (Chapter 33) Flashcards

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1744601627	Invertebrates	Animals without backbone	0
1744602521	Sponges	Sessile animals that lack true tissues.	1
1744603125	Suspension feeders	Trap particles that pass through the internal channels of their body (e.g sponges)	2
1744604793	Cnidaria	Includes corals, jellies and hydras. Have dipoblastic, radially symmetrical body plan that includes gastrovascular cavity with a single opening (serves as anus and mouth)	3
1744605367	Acoel flatworms	Have simple nervous system and a saclike gut.	4
1744606166	Acoela	A separate lineage that diverged before the three main bilaterian clades	5
1744607763	Trichoplax adhaerens	Only species in phylum Placozoa. Can reproduce by dividing into two individuals or by budding off many multicellular individuals.	6
1744610150	Ctenophores	Diploblastic and radially symmetrical like cnidarians, suggesting that both phyla diverged from other animals very early.	7
1744612471	Lophotrochozoans	Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Acanthocephala, Cycliophora, Nemertea, Annelida, Mollusca	8
1744615648	Flatworms	Have bilateral symmetry and a central nervous system that processes information from sensory structures. Have no body cavity or organs for circulation	9
1744616241	Ectoprocts	Live a sessile colonies and are covered by a tough exoskeleton	10
1744616960	Rotifers	Have specialized organ systems, including an alimentary canal.	11
1744617367	Alimentary canal	A digestive tract with a mouth and an anus.	12
1744618648	Brachiopods	Have a unique stalk that anchors them to their substrate, as well as a crown of cilia called a lophophore.	13
1744620595	Acanthocephalans	Called spiny-headed worms because of the curved hooks on the proboscis at the anterior end of their body.	14
1744621586	Nemerteans	Swim through water or burrow in sand, extending a unique proboscis to capture prey.	15
1744622652	Annelids	Distinguished from other worms by their body segmentation.	16
1744623655	Molluscs	Have a soft body that in many species is protected by a hard shell.	17
1744627807	Ecdysozoa	Loricifera, Priapula, Onychopora, Nematoda, Tardigrada, Arthropoda.	18
1744629021	Loriciferans	Tiny animals that inhabit the deep-sea bottom.	19
1744630302	Priapulans	Are worms with a large, rounded proboscis at the anterior end.	20
1744631403	Onychophorans	Also called velvet worms, originated during the Cambrian explosion.	21
1744633075	Nematodes	Have a tough cuticle that coats the body. Enormously abundant and diverse in the soil and in aquatic habitats.	22
1744635655	Tardigrades	Sometimes called water bears for their rounded shape, stubby appendages, and lumbering bearlike gait.	23
1744636703	Arthropods	Have a segmented exoskeleton and jointed appendages.	24
1744637599	Deuterostomia	Hemichordata, Chordata, Echinodermata	25
1744639331	Hemichordates	Have gill slits and a dorsal nerve cord.	26
1744643538	Echinoderms	Are marine animals in the deuterostome clade that are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae but not as adults. They move and feed by using a network of internal canals to pump water to different parts of their body.	27
1744643539	Suspension feeders	Capture food particles suspended in the water that passes through their body.	28
1744644511	Spongocoel	Pores of a central cavity.	29
1744644819	Osculum	Larger opening that the spongocoel.	30
1744646889	Choanocytes	Finger-like projections that form a "collar" around the flagellum.	31
1744648466	Mesohyl	Gelatinous region that separates the two layers of cells of a sponge.	32
1744650328	Amoebocytes	Named for their use of pseudopodia. These cells move through the mesohyl have many functions.	33
1744663888	Nematocysts	Contain a stinging thread that can penetrate the body wall of the cnidarian's prey.	34
1744666717	Hermaphrodites	Functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing sperm and eggs.	35
1744666718	Gastrovascular cavity	A sac with a central digestive compartment	36
1744666719	Polyps	Cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of their body and extend their tentacles to wait for prey.	37
1744666720	Medusa	Moves freely in the water by a combination of passive drifting and contractions of its bell-shaped body.	38
1744666721	Cnidocytes	Cells unique to cnidarians that function in defense and prey capture.	39
1744666722	Cnidae	Capsule-like organelles that are capable of exploding outward.	40
1744666723	Hydra	Reproduces asexually by budding, forming outgrowths that pinch off from the parent and live independently.	41
1744668917	Scyphozoans	Their predominant stage in their life cycle is the medusa.	42
1744670500	Cubozoans	Have a box-staged medusa stage.	43
1744670921	Anthozoans	Occur only as polyps.	44
1744672560	Lophophore	A crown of ciliated tentacles that functions in feeding.	45
1744673893	Flatworms	Have thin bodies that are flattened dorsoventrally. Acoelomates	46
1744981102	Protonephridia	Networks of tubules with ciliated structures called flame bulbs that pull fluid through branched ducts opening to the outside.	47
1744981103	Planarians	Prey on smaller animals or feed on dead animals. Can reproduce asexually through fission.	48
1744981104	Trematodes	Parasitize a wide range of hosts, and most species have complex life cycles with alternating sexual and asexual stages.	49
1744981105	Tapeworms	Lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity; they simply absorb nutrients released by digestion in the host's intestine.	50
1744981106	Rotifers	Tiny animals that inhabit freshwater, marine, and damp soil habitats.	51
1744981107	Alimentary canal	A digestive tube with two openings, a mouth and an anus.	52
1744981108	Parthenogenesis	Consist only of females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs.	53
1744981109	Ectoprocts	Colonial animals that superficially resemble clumps of moss.	54
1744981110	Exoskeleton	External skeleton studded with pores through which the lophophores extend.	55
1744981111	Brachiopods	Superficially resemble clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs.	56
1744981112	Molluscs	Soft-bodied and secrete a hard protective shell made of calcium carbonate.	57
1744981113	Muscular foot	Usually used for movement.	58
1744981114	Visceral mass	Containing most of the internal organs.	59
1744981115	Mantle	Fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes a shell.	60
1744981116	Mantle cavity	Houses the gills, anus and excretory pores.	61
1744981117	Radula	A straplike organ used to scrape food.	62
1744981118	Chitons	Have an oval-shaped body and a shell composed of eight dorsal plates.	63
1744981119	Gastropods	Most are marine but there are also freshwater species.	64
1744981120	Torsion	A distinctive developmental process in which the visceral mass rotates up to 180 degrees, causing the animal's anus and mantle cavity to wind up above its head.	65
1744981121	Bivalves	Have a shell divided into two halves. Have no distinct head, and the radula has been lost. Some have eyes and sensory tentacles along the outer edge of their mantle.	66
1744981122	Cephalopods	They use their tentacles to grasp prey, which then they bite with beak-like jaws and immobilize with a poison present in their saliva. They are molluscs with closed circulatory system.	67
1744981123	Closed circulatory system	The blood remains separate from fluid in the body cavity.	68
1744981124	Parapodia	A pair of paddle-like or ridge-like structures that function in locomotion.	69
1744981125	Oligochaetes	Named for their relatively sparse chaetae.	70
1744981126	Earthworms	Eat their way through the soil, extracting nutrients as the soil passes through the alimentary canal.	71
1744981127	Leeches	Predators that feed on other invertebrates, but some are parasites that suck blood by attaching temporarily to other animals including humans.	72
1744981128	Cuticle	Tough external coat.	73
1744981129	Nematodes	Found in most aquatic habitats, in the soil, and in the moist tissue of plants.	74
1744981130	Arthropods	Have segmented bodies, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages.	75
1744981131	Open circulatory system	Fluid called hemolymph is propelled by a heart through short arteries and then into spaces called sinuses surrounding the tissues and organs.	76
1744981132	Chelicerates	Have an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen. They lack antennae and most have simple eyes.	77
1744981133	Eurypgerids	Known as water scorpions.	78
1744981134	Arachnids	Includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites.	79
1744981135	Book lungs	Stacked platelike structures contained in an internal chamber.	80
1744981136	Myriapods	Millipedes and centipedes belong to this phylum.	81
1744981137	Insects	They live in almost every terrestrial habitat and in fresh water, and flying insects fill the air.	82
1744981138	Isopods	Include terrestrial, freshwater and marine species.	83
1744981139	Decapods	Lobsters, crayfishes, crabs and shrimps are all relatively large crustaceans called..	84
1744981140	Copepods	Grazers that feed upon algae, while others are predators that eat small animals.	85
1744981141	Water vascular system	A network a of hydraulic canals branching into extensions called tube feet	86
1744981142	Tube feet	Function in locomotion and feeding.	87
1744981143	Asteroidea	Sea star and sea daisy	88
1744981144	Ophiuroidea	Brittle star.	89
1744981145	Echinoidea	Sea urchin and sand dollar	90
1744981146	Crinoidea	Sea lily and feather star	91
1744981147	Holothuroidea	Sea cucumber.	92

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Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Chapter 32 Flashcards

An Overview of Animal Diversity

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1200541109	tissues	groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism	0
1200541110	cleavage	a succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between the divisions	1
1200541111	blastula	The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development	2
1200541112	gastrulation	the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells	3
1200541113	gastrula	double-walled stage of the embryo resulting from invagination of the blastula	4
1200541114	larva	the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose	5
1200541115	metamorphosis	the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals	6
1200541116	Ediacaran biota	An early group of soft-bodied, multicellular eukaryotes known from fossils that range in age from 565 million to 545 million years old.	7
1200541117	Cambrian explosion	A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 545 to 525 million years ago.	8
1200541118	body plan	In animals, a set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole—the living animal.	9
1200541119	radial symmetry	body plan in which body parts repeat around the center of the body	10
1200541120	bilateral symmetry	the property of being symmetrical about a vertical plane	11
1200541121	dorsal	Pertaining to the back	12
1200541122	ventral	Pertaining to the front	13
1200541123	anterior	located in front or forward	14
1200541124	posterior	Towards the back of the body	15
1200541125	cephalization	concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body	16
1200541126	endoderm	the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems	17
1200541127	ectoderm	The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye	18
1200541128	diploblastic	Having two germ layers.	19
1200541129	mesoderm	the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue	20
1200541130	triploblastic	Possessing three germ layers: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Most eumetazoans are triploblastic.	21
1200541131	body cavity	A fluid-containing space between the digestive tract and the body wall.	22
1200541132	coelom	a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity	23
1200541133	coelomates	An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavity lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).	24
1200541134	pseudocoelomates	An animal whose body cavity is lined by tissue derived from mesoderm and endoderm.	25
1200541135	acoelomates	A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall.	26
1200541136	protostome development	In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the mouth from the blastopore; often also characterized by spiral cleavage and by the body cavity forming when solid masses of mesoderm split.	27
1200541137	deuterostome	animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore of a blastula	28
1200541138	spiral cleavage	A type of embryonic development in protostomes, in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells occur obliquely to the polar axis, resulting in cells of each tier sitting in the grooves between cells of adjacent tiers.	29
1200541139	determinate cleavage	A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early.	30
1200541140	blastopore	The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes	31
1200541141	radial cleavage	A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in that the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other.	32
1200541142	indeterminate cleavage	A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.	33
1200541143	archenteron	The endoderm-lined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal.	34
1200541144	eumetazoans	Member of a clade of animals with true tissues.	35
1200541145	bilaterians	member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers.	36
1200541146	ecdysozoans	Member of a group of animal phyla identified as a clade by molecular evidence. Many ecdysozoans are molting animals.	37
1200541147	lophotrochozoans	refers to animals in the taxa who either develop a lophophore or go through the trochophore larva stage	38
1200541148	lophophore	A horseshoe-shaped or circular fold of the body wall bearing ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth.	39
1200541149	trochophore larva	Distinctive larval stage observed in some lophotrochozoan animals, including some annelids and molluscs.	40

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The American Pageant: Chapter 40 Vocab Flashcards

Chapter 40: The Resurgence of Conservatism (16 terms)
pages 1031 - 1055;
Transcribed by alexwyllie

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2297198506	Proposition 13	A successful California state ballot initiative that capped the state's real estate tac at 1 percent of assessed value. The proposition radically reduced average property tax levels, decreasing revenue of the state government and signaling the political power of the "tax revolt," increasingly aligned with conservative politics.	0
2297203634	Boll weevils	Term for conservative southern Democrats who voted increasingly for Republican issues during the Carter and Reagan administrations.	1
2297206861	Supply-side economics	Economic theory that underlay Ronald Reagan's tax and spending cuts. Contrary to Keynesianism supply-side theory declared that governmental policy should aim to increase the supply of goods and services, rather than the demand for them. It held that lower taxes and decreased regulation would increase productivity by providing increased incentives to work, thus increasing productivity and the tax base.	2
2297212872	Reaganomics	Informal term for Ronald Reagan's economic policies, which focused on reducing taxes, social spending, and government regulation, while increasing outlays for defense.	3
2297218732	Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)	Reagan administration plan announced in 1983 to create a missile-defense system over American territory to block a nuclear attack, Derided as "Star Wars" by critics, the plan typifies Reagan's commitment to vigorous defense spending even as he sought to limit the size of government in domestic matters.	4
2297222541	Sandinistas	Leftwing anti-American revolutionaries in Nicaragua who launched a civil war in 1979.	5
2297224091	Contras	Anti-Sandinista fighters in the Nicaraguan civil war. The Contras were secretly supplied with American military aid, paid for with money the United States clandestinely made selling arms to Iran.	6
2297228557	Glasnost	Meaning "openness," a cornerstone along with Perestroika of Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev's reform movement in the USSR in the 1980s. These policies resulted in greater market liberalization, access to the West, and ultimately the end of communist rule.	7
2297232704	Perestroika	Meaning "restructuring," a cornerstone along with Glasnost of Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev's reform movement in the USSR in the 1980s. These policies resulted in greater market liberalization, access to the West, and ultimately the end of communist rule.	8
2297237963	Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty	Arms limitation agreement settled by Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev after several attempts. The treaty banned all intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe and marked a significant thaw in the Cold War.	9
2297241846	Iran-Contra Affair	Major political scandal of Ronald Reagan's second term. An illicit arrangement of selling "arms for hostages" with Iran and using money to support the contras in Nicaragua, the scandal deeply damaged Reagan's credibility.	10
2297245823	Moral Majority	Politcal action committee founded by evangelical Reverend Jerry Falwell in 1979 to promote traditional Christian values and oppose feminism, abortion, and gay rights. The group was a major linchpin in the resurgent religious right of the 1980s.	11
2297250756	Black Monday	October 19, 1987. Date of the largest single-day decline in the Dow Jones Industrial Average until September 2001. The downturn indicated instability in the booming business culture of the 1980s but did not lead to a serious economic recession.	12
2297258844	Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)	Organization formed from the former republics of the Soviet Union in 1991.	13
2297261467	Operation Desert Storm	U.S.-led multi-country military engagement in January and February of 1991 that drove Saddam Hussein's Iraqi army out of neighboring Kuwait. In addition to presaging the longer and more protracted Iraq War of the 2000s, the 1991 war helped undo what some called the "Vietnam Syndrome," a feeling of military uncertainty that plagued many Americans.	14
2297271892	Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)	Landmark law signed by President George H.W. Bush that prohibited discrimination against people with physical or mental handicaps. It represented a legislative triumph for champions of equal protections to all.	15

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Cold War Flashcards

The Berlin Blockade , The Berlin Airlift, The Berlin Wall, New World Order After WWII, Yalta Conference, M.A.D, Iron Curtain, Marshall Plan, Molotov Plan, Comintern, Truman Doctorine, Brinksmanship, Domino theory,

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2378930306	The Berlin Blockade	Soviets close off roads to Berlin, this way they can't get any food. The soviets are daring the US to go to war	0
2378930307	The Berlin Airlift	If the US gives up, USSR takes West Berlin. US begins an airlift to bring in food/clothes/etc.	1
2378930308	The Berlin wall	Soviets make a wall around West Berlin, to keep people from running West.	2
2378930309	New World Order After WWII	USA and Russia become superpowers, other nations become bankrupted by WWII	3
2378930310	Yalta Conference	At the Yalta Conference , they agreed on self-determination. United Nations was created and it is where they decided to split up Germany	4
2378930311	M.A.D	Mutually Assured Destruction. If one country bombs another their allies will bomb each other until the planet is destroyed and alll living things are dead.	5
2378930312	Iron Curtain	(HT) , Term used by Churchill in 1946 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations	6
2378930313	truman doctrine	US gives money to countries to stay capitalist	7
2378930314	brinksmanship	pushing disaster going to edge of war	8
2378930315	domino theory	if one country became communist it will spread to the countries in contact until only us was capitalist	9
2378930316	comintern	commmunists spys live in us report to communists and tell them how its to live in a capitalist envornment	10
2378930317	NATO	North Atlantic Treaty organization Helped western European countries	11
2378930318	warsawpact	helps iron curtain countries	12
2378930319	Marshall plan	Us paid to keep europe capitalist USSR rejects it	13
2378930320	Molotov plan	soviet response aid only given to communist countries	14
2378930321	containment	when is the truman doctrine, the us made sure/tried to stop communisim from spreading	15
2378930322	cuban missle crisis	closest to ending life on earth. , The Soviet Union was secretly building nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba, which could have been used for a sneak-attack on the U.S. The U.S. blockaded Cuba until the U.S.S.R. agreed to dismantle the missile silos.	16
2378930664	Eisenhower doctorine	a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state	17
2378931042	Bay of Pigs	Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba	18
2378931704	McCarthyism	practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence	19
2378932430	dixiecrats	The States' Rights Democratic Party opposed racial integration and wanted to retain Jim Crow laws and white supremacy in the face of possible federal intervention.	20
2378933078	George Kennan	During the late 1940s, his writings inspired the Truman Doctrine and the U.S. foreign policy of "containing" the Soviet Union. His "Long Telegram" from Moscow during 1946 and the subsequent 1947 article "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" argued that the Soviet regime was inherently expansionist and that its influence had to be "contained" in areas of vital strategic importance to the United States. These texts provided justification for the Truman administration's new anti-Soviet policy. Kennan played a major role in the development of definitive Cold War programs and institutions, notably the Marshall Plan.	21

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Cold War - M.A.D. Flashcards

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1396246280	M.A.D.	a policy created in the 1950's that held that if The Soviet Union attacked the United States with nuclear weapons, the United States would fire back all of its weapons and 20-50% of the populations of both nations would be destroyed.	0
1396246282	ballistic missile	A rocket-powered missile often carrying nuclear warheads that fall and land on its ground target	1
1396246283	massive retaliation	Eisenhower's policy; it advocated the full use of American nuclear weapons to counteract even a Soviet ground attack in Europe	2
1396246284	Tsar Bomb	the largest bomb ever built in 1961. Contained 50 million tons of TNT, caused atmospheric disturbance	3
1396246285	No Cities Counterforce	Soviet cities were to no longer be targeted, only Soviet military forces.	4
1396246286	Hot line	a communication link established in 1963 to allow the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union to contact each other in times of crisis	5
1396246287	weakness	Soviets decided to never again confront US from a position of ____.	6
1396246288	desire to avoid nuclear war	What was the most important thing that the US and Russia discovered that they had in common?	7
1396246289	The War Game	Documentary-like film that depicted the build up and aftermath of a Soviet attack on Great Britain including interviews showing public nuclear thoughts at the time.Academy Award- Best Documentary in 1966, but was banned by BBC because it was to	8
1396246290	Civil Defense	An organized system of emergency measures that volunteers take to help people with disasters. The US and Soviet public thought this would do little to no good in the case of a nuclear attack	9
1396246291	broken arrow	An unexpected event involving nuclear weapons or nuclear components which might result in nuclear detonation, non-nuclear detonation, burning, or in radioactive contamination	10
1396246292	ABM	missiles that could destroy ballistic missiles in flight. This put the delicate nuclear balance at risk. Destableized MAD	11
1396246293	Nuclear Arms Race	the competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union for supremacy in nuclear warfare. Both countries tried to have the largest nuclear arsenals.	12
1396246294	SALT	negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons 1970-1971	13
1396246295	Henry Kissinger	Advisor to Presidents Nixon and Ford; he was architect of the Vietnam settlement, the diplomatic opening to China, and détente with the Soviet Union.	14
1397238017	Limited Test Banned Treaty	barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere. Testing would continue, but only underground	15
1397238018	deterrence	the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack	16
1397238019	What happened in 1966 over the coast of Spain?	Two B52s collided while refueling. Four H bombs were dropped, three were found on land and one was lost at sea. They were not detonated.	17
1397238020	Multiple Reentry Vehicles	one missile could carry 10 separate warheads, each capable of destroying a city	18
1397238021	By the height of the Arms Race, both the Soviet Union and the United States were spending ____ a day on nuclear armaments	$50 million	19
1397238022	détente	French word meaning an easing of tensions between the world's superpowers during the Cold War	20
1397238023	What was the real nuclear destabilizing element? Why?	MRVs. Because the US had them and the Soviet Union did not during the SALT talks, so they did not get discussed. They are also extremely expensive to produce.	21

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