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the sounds of English Flashcards

Phonetic symbols of English

1151177336	about	0
1151177337	age	1
1151177338	baby	2
1151177339	bad	3
1151177340	bed	4
1151177341	sea	5
1151177342	boy	6
1151177343	cat	7
1151177344	cheese	8
1151177345	day	9
1151177346	dog	10
1151177347	eye	11
1151177348	Car	12
1151177349	foot	13
1151177350	fox	14
1151177351	gate	15
1151177352	house	16
1151177353	judge	17
1151177354	Jury	18
1151177355	letter	19
1151177356	mouth	20
1151177357	mud	21
1151177358	mum	22
1151177359	near	23
1151177360	nice	24
1151177361	nurse	25
1151177362	odd	26
1151177363	pen	27
1151177364	rat	28
1151177365	blue	29
1151177366	shoe	30
1151177367	short	31
1151177368	show	32
1151177369	sing	33
1151177370	sit	34
1151177371	Square	35
1151177372	sun	36
1151177373	tea	37
1151177374	thing	38
1151177375	mother	39
1151177376	use	40
1151177377	view	41
1151177378	wet	42
1151177379	zero	43

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DAT Biology (Chapter 2 - Cell structure) Flashcards

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2609511472	Plasma membrane	Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, glycoproteins, cholesterol etc..	0
2609523409	Fluid Mosaic Model	Scattered proteins within a flexible plasma membrane	1
2609528688	The plasma membrane is ________	selectively permeable	2
2609534497	Small non polar molecules permeability	Very permeable (O2 / hydrocarbons)	3
2609535378	Small polar molecules permeability	Permeable (H2O)	4
2609543017	Large polar/nonpolar permeability	Not permeable (Glucose)	5
2609543767	Ion permeability	Not permeable	6
2609546954	Channel proteins	Proteins function like hallway	7
2609548160	Ion channels	Ion specific passageways / Included gated ion channels in nerve muscles	8
2609553740	Porins	Channels that allow passage of certain ions and small polar molecules through the membrane	9
2609556669	Aquaporins	Dramatically increase the passage rate of H2O molecules	10
2609580939	Cholesterol increases ______ of cell membrane	rigidity / viscosity	11
2609582628	Cholesterol _____ itself inside of the cell membrane	Intercalates	12
2609584403	Nucleus is bounded by the _______	nuclear envelope	13
2609587682	Glycocalyx	carbohydrate coat that overs outer face of plasma membrane. Consists of glycolipids and glycoproteins	14
2609595705	Chromatin winds itself around globular ______ proteins	histone	15
2609598486	Globins aggregate together in DNA to form ______	nucleosomes	16
2609601285	Ribsome is composed of what two subunits	60s and 40s -------- total 80s	17
2609607946	Difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes	lysosomes contain digestive enxymes and break down waste, cellular debris, etc Peroxisomes break down Peroxide, toxic substances, and in plant modify by-products of photorespiration.	18
2609624597	Peroxisomes are called _____ in germinating seeds	Glyoxysomes	19
2609628204	Three types of protein fibers in cells	Microtubules, Intermediate filaments, microfilaments	20
2609630524	Microtubules are made of _____ and are involved in the _____	tubulin / spindle apparatus	21
2609635625	Microfilaments are made of the protein ______	actin	22
2609641675	Cilia and flagella are responsible for ______	cellular movement	23
2609642796	Cilia and flagella are made up of _______ in a _____ array	microtubules, 9+ 2	24
2609655813	Centrioles and basal bodies act as _____	microtubules organizing centers	25
2609657376	A pair of centrioles is enclosed in a ______	centrosome	26
2609660512	______ and Vesicles are fluid filled bodies	Vacuoles	27
2609663416	Central vacuoles exhibit ______ when filled, store ______ , and carry out _______ function	turgor, nutrients, lysosome	28
2609671548	Contractile vacuoles are only found in ______ and ________ out of the cell	proks, pump excess water out	29
2609690804	Smooth ER is responsible for _____ and also ______	lipid/hormone synthesis , breakdown of toxins	30
2609696518	In plants the cell wall consists of _______	cellulose	31
2609699423	In fungi the cell wall can consist of cellulose or ____	chitin	32
2609705382	Anchoring junctions are found in ______ and include ______	animals / desmosomes	33
2609710534	Tight junctions are found in ______ and are _______	animals digestive tracts / tightly stitched seems	34
2609714942	Communicating junctions transfer _____ or _____ signals	chemical or electrical	35
2609716721	Two kinds of communicating junctions	Gap junctions / plasmodesmata	36
2609721211	Gap junctions are narrow tunnels that have a protein called ______	connexins	37
2609725722	Plasmodesmata are found in _______	plant cells	38
2609727149	Animal cells have _____(3)	lysosomes, centrioles, cholesterol	39
2609728144	Plant cells have _____(3)	cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuoles	40
2609733074	Prokaryotic ribosome is made up of the following subunits	50s 30s ------ 70s	41
2609741221	Cell walls of bacteria and cyanobacteria are constructed from ______	peptidoglycans	42
2609743907	Hypertonic	high solute outside	43
2609743908	Hypotonic	low solute outside	44
2609745948	Isotonic	same solute	45
2609750627	The diffusion of solutes is called _______	dialysis	46
2609753032	When too much water moves out of the cell _____ occurs	plasmolysis	47
2609757164	Countercurrent exchange is the process when _____	two regions that have bulk flow in opp directions	48
2609766933	Receptor mediated endocytosis is a form of _____ and specific molecules called ____ bind to the receptor forming a vessicle	pinocytosis, ligands	49
2609775979	Water flows ___	towards solute	50

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DAT Biology (Chapter 1 - Chemistry) Flashcards

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2596905351	Water is the universal ______	solvent	0
2596906724	Water has a high _____	heat capacity	1
2596911216	Heat capacity is ______	the degreee to which a substance changes temperature in response to a gain or loss of heat	2
2596915277	Water _____ when it freezes	Expands	3
2596924812	_____ is the attraction between like substances	Cohesion	4
2596929083	The strong cohesion of water produces _____	high surface tension	5
2596932630	_____ is the attraction between unlike substances	adhesion	6
2596936906	Adhesion is responsible for what biological phenomenon?	Capillary action	7
2596941830	Carbon has a valence of ____	4	8
2596960528	Glucose comes in two forms ...	Alpha and beta	9
2596963729	Fructose is different from glucose in that ____	It has a 5 membered ring with two CH2's coming off	10
2596973866	Sugar bonds are called _____	glycosidic linkages	11
2596978779	Glucose + fructose =	sucrose	12
2596978780	glucose + galactose =	lactose	13
2596979696	glucose + glucose =	maltose	14
2596980915	Carbohydrates are linked via ______	dehydration condensation	15
2596984841	Starch contains what type of glucose ? F(x)?	alpha / energy storage in plants	16
2596988719	Glyocgen is _____ . f(x)?	branched alpha glucose / energy storage in animals	17
2597000219	Cellulose contains what type of glucose? F(x)?	Beta / structura molecule in plant cell walls	18
2597010825	_____ bonds are the only type of glycosidic linkage that can be broken by humans	alpha	19
2597012633	_____ bonds must be broken down by specialized organisms	beta	20
2597018641	triglycerides are made up of _____	glycerol and 3 fatty acids	21
2597024063	Saturated / monounsaturated / polyunsaturated	no DBs / 1 DB / many DBs	22
2597029517	A phospholipid is said to be _______	amphipathic	23
2597036848	Structural protein examples (3)	keratin, collagen, silk	24
2597040570	Storage protein examples (3)	casein, ovalbumin, zein	25
2597043964	Transport protein examples (2)	Cell membrane proteins, hemoglobin	26
2597045578	Defensive protein examples (1)	Antibodies	27
2597046933	Enzyme examples (1)	Phosphodiesterase (throwback *****)	28
2597050100	Proteins are polymers of _____	amino acids	29
2597051779	Bonds between proteins are called ____	peptide bonds	30
2597057474	Amino acid structure	Amino group, carboxyl group, central carbon with R group	31
2597076713	Primary structure of a protein	order of amino acids held together by covalent bonds	32
2597077466	Secondary structure of a protein	3D shape from hydrogen bonding	33
2597082030	Two types of secondary structure	alpha helix, beta pleated sheets	34
2597085520	Tertiary structure of a protein	noncovalent interactions stabilize the 3D shape by max favorable interactions and minimizing unfavorable interactions	35
2597093143	What causes globins to form?	hydrophobic effect, most hydrophobic R groups move towards the center of the molecule	36
2597115553	Disulfide bonds are _____ bonds that form between two ____ amino acids	covalent, cysteine	37
2597128148	Quaternary structure of a protein	aggregates of tertiary proteins that come together	38
2597133157	Nucleic acids consist of ______	a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar (ribose), phosphate	39
2597139865	Purines are ____	double ringed - adenine and guanine	40
2597140816	pyrimidines are ________	single ringed - thymine and cytosine	41
2597155784	DNA is _____	antiparallel	42
2597155785	DNA runs from _____	5' - 3'	43
2597159353	DNA contains ___ while RNA contains _____(2)	Deoxyribose and thymine / Ribose and uracil	44
2597163979	RNA is usually _____	single stranded	45
2597168386	Catabolism is _____	breakdown of substances	46
2597169531	Anabolism is _____	biosynthesis	47
2597173281	Energy needed for biological reaction to proceed	Activation energy	48
2597188811	Enzymes are _____ specific	Substrate	49
2597194059	Enzymes catalyze reactions in ______	both directions	50
2597216723	Enzymes are affected by ____ causing denaturation	temperature and pH	51
2597219147	Induced fit model	enzyme binds to substrate and the substrate changes the conformational equilibrium to fit said enzyme	52
2597235001	Cofactors	non-protein molecules that assist enzymes	53
2597237956	Holoenzyme	Enzyme with a cofactor attached	54
2597241133	______ are organic cofactors. f(x)?	Coenzymes / donate or accept electrons	55
2597244455	Inorganic cofactor examples ____	Iron and Magnesium	56
2597246855	ATP is a _____ assembled by _____	Energy molecule, phosphorylation	57
2597276216	Allosteric effectors bind to the ____ of an enzyme	active site	58
2597277739	Competitive inhibition ____	inhibitor binds to active site	59
2597286864	Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to _____	allosteric site	60
2597288692	Cooperativity refers to _______	an enzyme becoming more receptive to substrate after one molecule binds	61

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Residuals Statistics Flashcards

LSRL
Residuals
Correlation

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3417189596	X-variable	independent or explanatory variable	0
3417189597	Y-variable	dependent or response variable	1
3417189598	Y-hat	predicted y	2
3417189599	B	slope; the amount by which the y increases when x increases by 1 unit	3
3417189600	a	y intercept. It is the height of the line when x=0.	4
3417189601	LSRL	least square regression line; line that gives the best fit to the data set; minimizes the sum of the squares of the deviations from the line	5
3417189602	Slope interpretation statement	For each unit increase in x, there is an approximate increase/decrease of b in y.	6
3417189603	Correlation coefficient interpretation statement	There is a direction, strength, type of association between x and y.	7
3417189604	Extrapolation	Not knowing whether the pattern observed in the scatterplot continues outside the range.	8
3417189605	Non resistant	affected by outliers	9
3417189606	Correlation Coefficient (r)	a quantitative assessment of the stregnth and direction of the linear relationship between bivariate, quantitative data	10
3417189607	Properties of (r) weak	0-.5	11
3417189608	Properties of (r) moderate	.5-.8	12
3417189609	Properties of (r) strong	.8-1	13
3417189610	Value of r	a measure of the extent to which x & y are linearly related	14
3417189611	Correlation does not imply causation	Correlation does not imply causation	15
3417189612	Residuals	The verticle deviation between the observations & the LSRL	16
3417189613	Sum of residuals	Always zero	17
3417189614	Residual equation	residual=y-yhat	18
3417189615	Residual plot	No pattern in residual plot then association is linear. Residual plots are the same no matter if plotted against x or y-hat	19
3417189616	Coefficient of determination r^2	gives the proportion of variation in y that can be attributed to an approximate linear relationship between x and y. remains same no matter which variable labeled x	20
3417189617	Interpretation statement of r^2/ coefficient of determination	Approximately r^2% of the variation in y can be explained by the LSRL of x & y	21
3417189618	Outlier	a date point with a large residual	22
3417189619	Influencial point	A point that influences where the LSRL is located. If removed, it will significantly change the slope of the LSRL	23

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Cells Flashcards

Take a 25 question test and show me your score before: Friday, November 6, 2015. Mrs. Roach

What is found in Eukaryotic cells? Nuclei have two membranes and communicate with the cytosol with their numerous nuclear pores. DNA is found in the nucleus, in the chromosomes. RNA is also here.
Nucleolus: Inside the nucleus, the nucleolus produces ribosomes.
Cytosol: Liquid matter found in cells where the organelles float in it. A lot of cell digestion. Cytosol is full of proteins that control metabolism. Such as, transduction pathways, glycolysis, intracellular receptors, transcription factors.
Cytoplasm: Terms for the cytosol and all the organelles floating in it.
Centrosome: the Microtubule organizing center (MTOC) produces microtubules. In cell division the centrosome splits and makes two, then they go to opposite sides of the nucleus and from each centrosome grows microtubes in a spindle. The spindle is responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into the two daughter cells
Centriole: Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubles in each group. These are both parts of the cytoskeleton. The two centrioles are arranged in a perpendicular fashion.
Golgi: Membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It packages macromolecules for transport in the cell. The enzymatic or hormonal contents of lysosomes, peroxisomes and secretory vesciles are packaged in membrane-bound vesicles ar the periphery of the Golgi apparatus. Stored processed and shipped.
Lysosome: contains hydrolytic enzymes necessay for intracellular digestion. Lysosome contents are carefully released into the vacuole around the bacteria and kill and digest those bacteria. Uncontrolled release into the cytoplasm can kill cell, necrosis. Enzymes from golgi and RER.
Perisxisomes: protect cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.

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3965529064	Vacuole	Found in Plant cells. Stores water and other substances	0
3965529065	Nucleus	Chromosomes made from DNA are found here . "The Brain of the Cell", directs all cell's activities	1
3965529066	Cytoplasm	Term for the cell gel - chemical reactions happen here	2
3965529067	Mitochondria	Called the powerhouse of the cell. Where a cell gets all it's energy from.	3
3965529068	Cell Membrane	a double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell. Also called the plasma membrane, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.	4
3965529069	Cell Wall	the rigid, porous outer layer of a plant cell.	5
3965529070	Chloroplast	an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the Sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis	6
3965529071	amoeba	A single-celled organism. Reproduces by dividing in two. Moves with false feet	7
3965529072	white blood cell	traps microbes- used for defense- 5 kinds of white blood cells in humans- What are they?	8
3965529073	red blood cell	carries oxygen- does not have DNA to use for testing. Test the type of blood for foreniscs.	9
3965529074	nerve cell	carries electrical messages around the body	10
3965529075	ciliated cells	can catch dust and microbes and move them out of the breathing system	11
3965529076	palisade cell	found in the upper layer of leaves. Lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis	12
3965529077	root hair cell	thin walls and large surface area for maximum absorption of water and minerals from the soil	13
3965529078	egg cell	the female gamete ( in animals), contains half the genes of a normal cell	14
3965529079	sperm cell	the male gamete ( in animals), contains half the genes of a normal cell	15
3965529080	pollen	contains the male gamete ( in plants)	16
3965529081	ovule	the female gamete ( in plants)	17
3965529082	zygote	a fertilized egg/ovule formed after the two gametes fuse	18
3965529084	Endoplasmic Reticulum	a network of passageways in which chemical compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.	19
3965529086	Golgi Aparatus	a stack of membranes that collects, modifies, and packages chemical compounds.	20
3965529087	Prokaryote	A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles	21
3965529088	Eukaryote	A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles	22
3965529089	skeletal muscle cell	long and thin cells that contract to produce movement	23
3965529090	heart (cardiac) muscle cell	cells that constantly pump blood	24
3965529091	smooth muscle cell	many cells put together; involuntary and controlled by autonomic nervous system	25
3965529092	bone cells	Cells the body has programmed to create bones	26
3965529093	skin cells	What are the fastest cells to replicate in humans?	27
3965575148	Absolute zero	the coldest possible temperature. Absolute zero is equivalent to -273.15 °C, or -459.67 °F. At absolute zero, the molecules in a substance do not move	28
3965586836	Diffusion	the spontaneous net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.	29
3965597338	Dynamic equilibrium	a state of balance in which there is little or no total change.	30
3965600840	Kelvin scale	a temperature scale that is measured from absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature.	31
3965607498	Kinetic energy	The energy of motion. o The faster an object is moving, the greater its kinetic energy. o The more massive a moving object is, the greater its kinetic energy. o Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of a group of particles.	32
3965675421	Lysosome	a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals.	33
3965686828	Nucleolus	a small body in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized.	34
3965698247	Vesicle	small, sac-like package of nutrients, proteins, or water created by the Golgi apparatus. Types of vesicles include vacuoles and lysosomes.	35

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Campbell Biology Sixth Edition: Chapter 4 - A Tour of the Cell Flashcards

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3385897952	Nucleus	A membranous organelle that is the genetic control center of the cell	0
3385898284	Cytoskeleton	A supportive network of fibers (microtubles, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments)	1
3385901058	Lysosomes	Digestive Enzymes inside of a membranous sac, produced collaboratively by the ER and Golgi Apparatus	2
3385902169	Nuclear Envelope	Double membrane perforated with pores called nuclear pores, connected to rough ER.	3
3385903625	Chloroplast	Enclosed by two membranes. Internal parts include thylakoids, granum, and stroma. Found in cytoplasm.	4
3385904536	Cell Wall	Made up of tough fibrous carbohydrate that forms the outer boundary of cell. Provides support.	5
3385905279	Vacuoles	Membranous sacs filled with water, waste, and nutrients, and also adds to support in plants.	6
3385906015	Mitochondria	Organelles that convert sugar into energy in the form of ATP.	7
3385906671	Ribosomes	Produced by the nucleolus out of RNA fragments	8
3385907608	Endoplasmic Reticulum	Produces its own membrane, finalizes the production of protein and secrets them in transport vesicles.	9
3385908384	Nucleolus	Spherical mass of RNA and proteins in the nucleus that produces ribosomes.	10
3385909278	Golgi Apparatus	Stacks of flattened membranous sacs. One end receives transport vesicles and the other end ships out vesicles containing completed product.	11
3385910584	Chromatin	Unwound DNA found in nucleus, hereditary code for the production of proteins.	12
3385913010	Nucleotide	Concentrated mass of genetic material in bacteria. Region where the cells DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane).	13
3385917104	Pili	Attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes	14
3385923346	Capsule	Jelly- like outer coating of many prokaryotes.	15
3385926723	Plasma/Cell Membrane	Membrane enclosing the cytoplasm	16
3385927264	Cellulose	Used for structure/support in plant cells, also used for carbohydrate storage.	17
3385929351	Peroxisome	An organelle that is not part of the endomembrane system but is involved in various metabolic functions, including the breakdown of fatty acids to be used as fuel and the detoxification of alcohol and other harmful substances.	18
3385933714	Cristae	Mitochondria fold. It increases the membranes surface area, enhancing the mitochondria's ability to produce ATP	19
3385935792	Stroma	Thick fluid which contains the chloroplast's DNA and ribosomes as well as many enzymes	20
3385937729	Thylakoids	A network of interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast.	21
3385940503	Granum	Thylakoids are stacked like poker chips, which are called ____________. It is also chloroplasts solar power packs- the site where the green chlorophyll molecules embedded in their membranes trap solar power.	22
3385944650	Endosymbiosis	A theory that proposes that mitochondria and chloroplast were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells.	23
3385945294	Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)	This layer helps hold cells together in tissues and protects and supports the plasma membrane. It has a main component of glycoproteins.	24
3385950631	Tight Junction	The membranes of neighboring cells are very tightly pressed against each other, knit together by proteins. Prevents leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer epithelial cells.	25
3385953820	Anchoring Junctions	Intermediate filaments made of sturdy keratin proteins anchor these junctions in the cytoplasm. Common in tissues subject to stretching or mechanical stress, such as skin and heart muscles.	26
3385956671	Gap Junctions	(Also called communicating junctions). Channels that allow small molecules to flow through protein-lined pores between neighboring cells.	27
3386133541	Smooth ER	Important in the synthesis of lipids, including oils, phospholipids, and steroids.	28
3386134738	Rough ER	One of the functions is to make more membrane by adding proteins and phospholipids. Ribosomes are attached to its surface, and the ribosomes produces the proteins that are modified and packaged in transport vesicles.	29
3386139267	Centriole	Helps with cell division in animal cells, and are involved in organizing microtubles in the cytoplasm.	30
3386143889	Plasmodesma	Microscopic channel across the cell wall of a plant cell. It allows transport and communication between neighboring cells.	31
3386145087	Chromoplasts	Colored plastids other than green and found in colored parts of plants such as the petals. Due to the presence of carotenoid pigments, they are orange, yellow, or red in color.	32
3386152124	Tonoplast	The membrane of the vacuole.	33
3386154433	Lysosome	Consists of digestive enzymes enclosed in a membranous sac. The enzymes are made by rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi Apparatus for further processing.	34
3386155236	Microbody	Contain various enzymes not involved in digestion	35
3386156598	Leucoplasts	Non-pigmented unlike chloroplast, and their main function is storage of different food materials.	36
3386158421	Microfilaments	Help support the cells shape. It is one of the 3 kinds of fiber that make up the cytoskeleton. They are also involved in cell movement.	37
3386159549	Hyaloplasm	Structure less fluid making up the rest of the cytoplasm.	38

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PSYC 1010 - Ch 9 (Memory) Flashcards

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3525867651	Sensory Memory	separate sensory store for each system (vision, hearing, ect) holds brief traces of all info registered by that system - unconscious processes may operate on these traces to determine which information to pass on to working memory	0
3525884322	Working Memory	where conscious mental work takes place on info brought in from sensory mem and long term memory - also called short-term memory b/c info in it that is not longer attended to quickly disappears	1
3525920531	Long-Term Memory	repository of all that a person knows - info here is dormant, being actively processed only when it is brought into working memory	2
3525930696	Control Processes	Attention - brings info from sensory memory into working mem Encoding - brings info from working mem to long-term Retrieval - brings info from long-term into working mem	3
3525944925	Focused Attention	selective listening and viewing studiesshow that we can effectively focus attention, screening out irrelevant stimuli - we are aware of physical qualities, not meaning of stimuli that we do not attend to	4
3525957941	Shifting Attention	we unconsciously monitor unattended stimuli - in case we need to shift attention later - preattentive processing for meaning	5
3525971343	Preattentive Processing	unattended sensory info can affect conscious thought and behavior -- Stroop Interference Effect (colors and words of colors)	6
3525981257	Brain Mechanism	preattentive and conscious processing for meaning involve many of same brain areas	7
3526049520	Phonological Loop	maintains verbal info thru subvocal repetition and permits vocal thought	8
3526054260	Visuospatial Sketchpad	permits us to hold and process mental images	9
3526061995	Active Processing	without processing, info is quickly lost from working mem	10
3526067678	Dual-Task Performance	we can perform two tasks simultaneously if one involves only the phonological loop and the other only the visuospatial sketchpad - if both involved -> mental interference	11
3526075936	Brain Areas Involved	mental rehearsal of words involved activity in same brain areas as speaking/listening to words - "what" and "where-and-how" pathways involved in mental imagery in ways that correspond to their roles in visual perception	12
3526095111	Central Executive	prefrontal cortex -> responsible for regulating and coordinating the mind's activities	13
3526108826	Elaboration	actively extending one's understanding of something - connecting it with info already in long-term mem	14
3526159662	Chunking	facilitates encoding by grouping seperate items into one high-level units	15
3526163083	Organizing	organizing info into logical hierarchy facilitates encoding and retrieval - visualizing verbally presented info may improve memory	16
3526176302	Temporal Lobe Amnesia	lack abilities to form new long-term memories - can form and use implicit memories - show greater loss of episodic memory than of semantic memory	17
3526190790	Retrograde Amnesia	long-term memories exist first in lable form, becoming more stable through consideration	18
3526201457	Remembering	frequent recall sleep shortly after learning	19
3526209942	Mental Associations	links among items of info in long-term memory which provide basis for retrieval - principles of continuity and similarity	20
3526219000	Network Models	describe long-term memory as vast web of associations that vary in strength - activation can spread along associative pathways - environmental context	21
3526227445	Memories	constructed and reconstructed - schmas and scripts (represent our general knowledge and beliefs) affecet memory construction, assist memory -- can be distorted by leading questions, suggestions, imagination, source confusion, social pressures	22
3526254788	Explicit Memory	can be brought into consciousness	23
3526256473	Implicit Memory	can't be brought into consciousness - can influence thought and behavior	24
3526266374	Explicit - Episodic/Semantic	Episodic - memory of particular past experiences Semantic - store of general knowledge and beliefs	25
3526279672	Implicit - Procedural/Priming		26

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Traditions and Encounters Ch 4 Flashcards

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1077032592	Harappan society	earliest known Indian civilization	0
1077032593	Indus River	A river in India that supported the Harappan civilization for thousands of years.	1
1077032594	Vedas	collection of hymns, songs, and prayers	2
1077032595	Rig Veda	most important of all the Vedas	3
1077032596	Lawbook of Manu	reflected Aryan patriarchal/societal beliefs	4
1077032597	Caste system	Brahmins Vaishyas Kshatriyas Shudras Pariahs	5
1077032598	Upanishads	result of Aryan and Dravidian blending of cultures	6
1077032599	varna	the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups	7
1077032600	Vedic Age	A period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.	8
1077032601	jati	subcastes	9
1077032602	Indra	chief deity of the Rig Veda	10
1077032603	Varuna	presided over the sky and preserved cosmic as well as mortal order	11
1077032604	sati	widow voluntarily threw herself on funeral pyre of deceased husband to join him in death	12
1077032605	Brahman	universal soul	13
1077032606	moksha	deep dreamless sleep that came with permanent liberation from incarnation	14
1077032607	karma	"He becomes pure by pure deeds, bad by bad deeds"	15
1077032608	samsara	souls go to the World of Fathers then return for their new incarnation	16

4244849342	Matter	Any substance that has mass and occupies space	0
4244850105	Element	Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by ordinary chemical means	1
4244851665	Atom	The smallest unit of an element that contains all the characteristics of that atom; the building blocks of matter	2
4244855162	Nucleus	The central core in atoms composed of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons	3
4244856290	Proton	Positively charged subatomic particle that makes up the nucleus of an atom	4
4244857691	Neutron	Subatomic particle that has no charge and makes up the nucleus of an atom	5
4244858704	Electron	Negatively charged subatomic particles located in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom	6
4244860543	Atomic Number	The number of protons in an atom which defines the element	7
4244861510	Atomic Mass	The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons of an atom; electrons aren't necessarily taken into account because they are relatively weightless	8
4244868245	Isotope	Atoms of an element with different number of neutrons; these have same chemical properties but different masses and may be radioactive	9
4244871018	Valence Electrons	Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; the key to chemical bonds	10
4244872183	Octet Rule	Rule that atoms tend to completely fill their outermost energy level	11
4244874091	Half-life	Amount of time it takes for half of a substance to decay	12
4244877731	Ion	Atoms in which the number of electrons is not the same as the number of protons and are either positive or negative	13
4244878774	Anion	A negatively charged ion that has more electrons than protons	14
4244880043	Cation	A positively charged ion that has more protons than electrons	15
4244880796	Ionic Bond	Chemical bond forming between oppositely charged ions (cation + anion)	16
4244883297	Molecule	Group of atoms held together by energy in a stable association (chemical bond)	17
4244884410	Compound	When a molecule contains more than one element	18
4244885204	Covalent Bond	Chemical bond forming when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons -single, double or triple bonds (increase in strength)	19
4244926017	Increasing Rate of Reaction	More concentration = more collisions Higher temperature = more collisions Catalysts = facilitate chemical reactions	20
4244887679	Polar Bond	In covalent bonds, when there is an unequal distribution of charge and so there is partial negative and partial positive charge	21
4244890451	Electronegativity	The tendency of an ion to take an electron -increases up periodic table and to the right -different electronegativity creates polar covalent bonds	22
4244892299	Hydrogen Bond	A weak chemical association with hydrogen in polar covalent bonds	23
4244894877	Hydrophobic	Substances that do not combine or are not soluble in water	24
4244896529	Hydrophilic	Substances that combine or are soluble in water	25
4244897488	Cohesion	When a molecule is attraction to one another because of polarity (hydrogen bonds) -water -causes surface tension	26
4244900486	Adhesion	When a polar molecule is attracted to other polar molecules -water -causes capillary action -things that get "wet"	27
4244905285	Surface Tension	Tautness of the surface of a liquid caused by the cohesion of molecules -water strider walking on water	28
4244907516	Capillary Action	Tendency of a liquid in a tube to rise above the surrounding liquid -transpiration in plants	29
4244908318	Specific Heat	Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost by 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree celsius -water has high specific heat which is why cities by water bodies are cool i.e. San Francisco	30
4244922316	Heat of Vaporization	Amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from liquid to gas -water has a high heat of vaporization which is why sweating helps cool organisms	31
4244967660	Ice Water	Solid water is less dense than liquid water -why lake freezes from top and liquid water on bottom for organisms to live	32
4244969386	Aqueous Solution	A solution where the solvent is water	33
4244970276	Solute	Molecule being dissolved in a solution	34
4244970916	Solvent	Median in which one or more solutes are dissolved in -water is universal solvent	35
4244974466	Hydration Shell	Cloud of water molecules that forms around ions or polar molecules to prevent them from bonding; dissolving	36
4244977610	Hydrophobic Exclusion	Nonpolar molecules (hydrophobic) are forced to cluster together in presence of water -important for structure of proteins, DNA and cell membranes	37
4244981989	Mole	Unit of something -weight of substance in grams of atomic masses -6.02x10^23 particles in a mole (Avogadro's Number) -22.4 Liters of gas at STP (0°C or 273K @ 1atm or 101kPa)	38
4244993165	Molarity	(M) Moles of solute per liter of solvent (moles/L)	39
4244995475	Acid	Any substance that dissociates in water to increase the hydrogen ion concentration and has pH lower than 7	40
4244996500	Hydrogen Ion	Proton that dissociates from a water molecule to be a cation	41
4244997387	Base	Any substance that dissociates in water to absorb and decrease the H+ concentration and has pH higher than 7	42
4244999307	Hydroxide Ion	Ion left behind after the hydrogen atom dissociates from a water molecule; anion	43
4245000487	pH	"Partial Hydrogen", the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (pH=-log[H+])	44
4245003826	Buffer	Substance that resists changes in pH -Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) [H20 + CO2 → H2CO3 → HCO3 + H+] -for controlling blood pH (around 7.4) -blood acidosis = pH 7.1 or lower -blood alkalosis = pH 7.7 or higher	45

3627529378	Vassal	A person who runs the land for the king.	0
3627570063	Serf	Peasants who couldn't illegally leave the place that they were born.	1
3627594274	Knight	Mounted warriors pledged to defend the lord's land in exchange for portions of land.	2
3637971619	Lord	A person of higher birth that are wealthy men.	3
3637997432	King	Person that owns land.	4
3638006651	Feudalism	System of obligations that governed the relationship between lords and vassals in medieval Europe.	5
3638051853	Middle Ages	Time in history from 500-1500 A.D. Time of result of invasions throughout Europe after The Roman Empire fell.	6
3638090525	Peasents	Workers who farmed the land.	7
3638165829	Church	Helped shaped society. Was the center of life. Pope was head of the church	8

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