| CourseNotes

The Berlin Blockade , The Berlin Airlift, The Berlin Wall, New World Order After WWII, Yalta Conference, M.A.D, Iron Curtain, Marshall Plan, Molotov Plan, Comintern, Truman Doctorine, Brinksmanship, Domino theory,

Terms : Hide Images

1512797119	The Berlin Blockade	Soviets close off roads to Berlin, this way they can't get any food. The soviets are daring the US to go to war	0
1512797120	The Berlin Airlift	If the US gives up, USSR takes West Berlin. US begins an airlift to bring in food/clothes/etc.	1
1512797121	The Berlin wall	Soviets make a wall around West Berlin, to keep people from running West.	2
1512797122	New World Order After WWII	USA and Russia become superpowers, other nations become bankrupted by WWII	3
1512797123	Yalta Conference	At the Yalta Conference , they agreed on self-determination. United Nations was created and it is where they decided to split up Germany	4
1512812790	M.A.D	Mutually Assured Destruction. If one country bombs another their allies will bomb each other until the planet is destroyed and alll living things are dead.	5
1512812791	Iron Curtain	(HT) , Term used by Churchill in 1946 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations	6
1519854373	truman doctrine	US gives money to countries to stay capitalist	7
1519854374	brinksmanship	pushing disaster going to edge of war	8
1519854375	domino theory	if one country became communist it will spread to the countries in contact until only us was capitalist	9
1519854376	comintern	commmunists spys live in us report to communists and tell them how its to live in a capitalist envornment	10
1519854377	NATO	North Atlantic Treaty organization Helped western European countries	11
1519854378	warsawpact	helps iron curtain countries	12
1519854379	Marshall plan	Us paid to keep europe capitalist USSR rejects it	13
1519854380	Molotov plan	soviet response aid only given to communist countries	14
1519854381	containment	when is the truman doctrine, the us made sure/tried to stop communisim from spreading	15
1519854382	cuban missle crisis	closest to ending life on earth. , The Soviet Union was secretly building nuclear missile launch sites in Cuba, which could have been used for a sneak-attack on the U.S. The U.S. blockaded Cuba until the U.S.S.R. agreed to dismantle the missile silos.	16

Powered by Quizlet.com

ISB China Words Flashcards

M.A.D. Chapter 9 "Ancient China"

Terms : Hide Images

643461675	ancestor	a relative (family member) who lived in the past	0
643461676	oracle	a prediction about the future	1
643461677	feudalism	an economic system in which the nobility (kings, etc) own farmland and peasants (poor farmers) work on it	2
643461678	dialect	a different form of the same language	3
643461679	nobility	a social class of people who hold the highest status in a society	4
643461680	Confucianism	the ideas of Confucius which valued family, tradition and mutual respect	5
643461681	province	an area or section of land (like a state) within a country	6
643461682	bureaucracy	a system of organizing workers which is pyramid shaped: one person is at the top and the workers at each level supervise the workers below them	7
643461683	censorship	the control of what people read, write, see or hear in an effort to stop the free expression of ideas	8
643461684	seismograph	a machine used to measure the strength and direction of earthquakes	9
643461685	middleman	a business person who buys goods from one person and sells them to another	10

Powered by Quizlet.com

Evolution Flashcards

AP Biology Evolution unit

Terms : Hide Images

1763835093	Darwin	A biologist who developed theory of evolution of species (1859). He argued that all living species evolved into their present form through the ability to adapt in a struggle for survival.	0
1763835094	On the Origin of Species	A book published in 1859 that proposed the mechanism for evolution that he called natural selection.	1
1763835095	Galapagos	Chain of islands near South America where Darwin developed his theory of natural selection by studying the unique life there.	2
1763835096	Natural Selection	A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.	3
1763835097	evolution	Change over time	4
1763835098	taxonomy	Naming and classifying organisms	5
1763835099	Linnaeus	Swedish botanist who proposed the modern system of biological nomenclature (1707-1778)	6
1763835100	Hutton	Earth is shaped by geological forces that take a very long time; Earth must be millions of years old.	7
1763835101	Lamark	1. cited "use and disuse" which purported that parts of the body used frequently would become larger and stronger, eventually leading to the acquisition of new abilities (For ex.: flightless ancestors of birds that continuously flap their arms will develop small wings, these wings will eventually increase in size and eventually permit flight). Conversely, parts of the body not used, (disuse), like the wings would eventually decrease in size over generations and eventually disappear. 2. Acquired characteristics could be inherited. If you were a blacksmith and developed strong arm muscles, your children would inherit big muscles too!	8
1763835102	Malthus	An English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence; consequences will be war, famine, and disease (1766-1834)	9
1763835103	Cuvier	1770-1830. Established extinction as fact. Objected to evolution, thought it couldn't happen because any change in an organism would result in its death. Came up with Catastrophism: global catastrophes result in periods of mass extinction and changes in the environment.	10
1763835104	Lyell	'Father of uniformitarianism' - belief that the earth was old, and catastrophism happened slowly	11
1763835105	Wallace	(Darwin's influences) naturalist, comes from modest background, well-traveled and well-read; independently came up with the idea of natural selection	12
1763835106	gradualism	A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that new species arise from the result of slight modifications (mutations and resulting phenotypic changes) over many generations.	13
1763835107	uniformitarianism	A principle that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes	14
1763835108	fossils	Preserved remains of once-living organisms	15
1763835109	sedimentary rock	A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together	16
1763835110	catastrophism	A principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly	17
1763835111	descent with modification	principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time	18
1763835112	adaptation	A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.	19
1763835113	artificial selection	Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits.	20
1763835114	homology	Characteristics in related species can have underlying similarity even though they have very different functions.	21
1763835115	homologous structures	Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry.	22
1763835116	vestigial structure	remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species.	23
1763835117	embryology	Many organisms have similar structures as an embryo; Humans do have gills as embryos just like pigs, birds, and turtles; Organisms that share similar structures as an embryo most likely came from a common ancestor	24
1763835118	molecular homology	similar DNA (amino acid sequences) among different species from a common ancestor	25
1763835119	biogeography	Geographic dist. of species meaning animals are closer together geographically are more alike than those separated.	26
1763835120	population genetics	The study of genetic changes in populations; the science of microevolutionary changes in populations.	27
1763835121	modern synthesis	A comprehensive theory of evolution that incorporates genetics and includes most of Darwin's ideas, focusing on populations as the fundamental units of evolution.	28
1763835122	population	A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area	29
1763835123	gene pool	Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population	30
1763835124	Hardy Weinberg	condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time	31
1763835125	Hardy Weinberg equilibrium	Theory of a stable, nonevolving population in which frequency of alleles do not change; only occurs in large, isolated populations with random mating, and no natural selection or mutations.	32
1763835126	Hardy Weinberg equation	p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1	33
1763835127	microevolution	Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.	34
1763835128	genetic drift	A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.	35
1763835129	bottleneck effect	Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.	36
1763835130	Founder effect	Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.	37
1763835131	gene flow	Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population	38
1763835132	mutation	any event that changes genetic structure	39
1763835133	genetic variation	Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments	40
1763835134	polymorphism	the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)	41
1763835135	gene diversity	genetic variation at level of whole genes	42
1763835136	nucleotide diversity	comparing the nucleotide sequences of DNA samples from two individuals then pooling the data from many such comparisons of two individuals	43
1763835137	sexual recombination	Creates an incredible number of new beings from a relatively small number of alleles; nearly universal among higher organism; 2 diploid organisms engage= zygote now has four copies of every gene, its offspring will have 8 copies etc...	44
1763835138	heterozygote advantage	Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared to homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in gene pools.	45
1763835139	Sickle cell anemia	A great example of heterozygote advantage	46
1763835140	frequency dependent selection	A decline in the reproductive success of a morph resulting from the morph's phenotype becoming too common in a population; a cause of balanced polymorphism in populations.	47
1763835141	neutral variation	genetic variation that does not appear to provide a selective advantage or disadvantage	48
1763835142	fitness	Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment	49
1763835143	directional selection	Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do other individuals.	50
1763835144	disruptive selection	Form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle.	51
1763835145	stabilizing selection	Natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes survive or reproduce more successfully than do extreme phenotypes.	52
1763835146	intrasexual selection	A direct competition among individuals of one sex (usually the males in vertebrates) for mates of the opposite sex.	53
1763835147	intersexual selection	Selection whereby individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex; also called mate choice.	54
1763835148	species	A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.	55
1763835149	prezygotic barrier	A reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted	56
1763835150	habitat isolation	Populations live in different habitats and do not meet	57
1763835151	behavioral isolation	Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding	58
1763835152	temporal isolation	Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times	59
1763835153	mechanical isolation	Morphological differences can prevent successful mating	60
1763835154	gametic isolation	A prezygotic reproductive barrier where the sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another species	61
1763835155	Postzygotic barrier	Any of several species-isolating mechanisms that prevent hybrids produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults.	62
1763835156	reduced hybrid viability	Genes of the different parent species may interact and impair the hybrid's development	63
1763835157	reduced hybrid fertility	Even if hybrids are vigorous, they may be sterile	64
1763835158	hybrid breakdown	Offspring of hybrids are weak or infertile	65
1763835159	allopatric speciation	The formation of a new species as a result of an ancestral population's becoming isolated by a geographic barrier.	66
1769288866	sympatric speciation	A mode of speciation occurring as a result of a radical change in the genome of a subpopulation, reproductively isolating the subpopulation from the parent population.	67
1769288867	punctuated equilibrium	A proposed explanation in evolutionary biology stating that species are generally stable over long periods of time. Occasionally there are rapid changes that affect some species which can quickly result in a new species.	68
1769288868	phylogeny	the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms	69
1769288869	fossil record	Chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers	70
1769288870	mass extinction	event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time	71
1769288871	binomial nomenclature	Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name	72
1769288872	taxon	A classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc	73
1769288873	cladogram	A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms	74
1769288874	monophyletic	ALL descendants came from one common ancestor	75
1769288875	paraphyletic	pertaining to a grouping of species that consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants.	76
1769288876	polyphyletic	Descendants with 2 or more ancestral sources	77
1769288877	analogous structure	Similar in function but not structure	78
1769288878	convergent evolution	Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments	79
1769288879	parsimony	In scientific studies, the search for the least complex explanation for an observed phenomenon	80

Powered by Quizlet.com

WORLD WAR I exam Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4547942846	General Joffre:	Head of the allied troops during the war	0
4547942847	Franz Ferdinand:	Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, murdered which sparked the war	1
4547942848	Franz Joseph:	The emperor of Austria Hungary	2
4547942849	Black Hand:	Terrorist group responsible for the death of the archduke	3
4547942850	Gavrilo Princip:	the guy that assassinated franz ferdinand	4
4547942851	Pan-Slavism:	desire to have an all-slavic balkans	5
4547942852	Alsace-Lorraine:	area on german/french border	6
4547942853	Unrestricted submarine warfare:	another reason the Us entered the war, shoot anything and everything except the allies	7
4547942854	Zimmerman telegram:	one of the 3 reasons the USA entered the war, note that was intercepted by the US and was sent from Germany to the german ambassador in mexico promising an alliance between them. They said if Mexico helped them control the US then they would give them back Mexico, Texas, and Arizona	8
4547942855	Schlieffen plan:	Germany's plan to win the war in four months	9
4547942856	Contraband:	war materials, typically stolen or illegally traded	10
4547942857	Trench warfare:	type of fighting practiced on the western front, each side fights out of trench with no man's land in the middle	11
4547942858	No man's land:	area between the trenches, typically with barbed wire	12
4547942859	Serbia:	one of the original countries that started the war	13
4547942860	u-boats	submarines	14
4547942861	War of attrition:	fighting to kill and wear down the other side	15
4547942862	War Guilt Clause:	the part of the treaty that blamed the entire war on Germany	16
4547942863	Compromise	: the compromise during the war was the treaty of versailles	17
4547942864	Reparations:	war debts	18
4547942865	Big Four:	four countries who ran the paris peace conference--USA,France,United Kingdom,Italy	19
4547942866	Paris Peace Conference:	representatives from all of the victorious countries came together to make a treaty that would formally end the war.	20
4547942867	Treaty:	a compromise between all victorious nations	21
4547942868	Cordon Sanitaire:	new nations created as a buffer zone between Russia, Germany, and the rest of Europe	22
4547942869	League of Nations	: an intergovernmental organization formed after the PPC and the goal was to maintain world peace	23
4547942870	Cordon Sanitaire:	new nations created as a buffer zone between Russia, Germany, and the rest of Europe	24
4547942871	League of Nations:	an intergovernmental organization formed after the PPC and the goal was to maintain world peace	25
4547942872	Fourteen Points:	points made by woodrow wilson that were said to bring a lasting peace if followed	26
4547942873	Woodrow Wilson:	USA President and representative a PPC who wanted peace	27
4547942874	George Clemenceau:	French representative at PPC who wanted revenge	28
4547942875	David Lloyd George:	British representative at PPC who worried the treaty was too harsh	29
4547942876	Vittorio Orlando:	Italian representative at PPC	30
4547942877	Russia:	allied power who was not invited to the PPC	31
4547942878	causes of ww1	Alliances Militarism Imperialism Nationalism	32
4547942879	Nationalism	The Slavic people of the Balkans wanted to become independent countries	33
4547942880	imperialism	Germany and Russia wanted control of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles.	34
4547942881	militarism	Britain made sure that her navy was always larger than the combined navies of her 2 greatest enemies.	35
4547942882	alliances	Although Britain and France were not fond of Russia, they agreed to work together should any of them be attacked by Germany or Austria-Hungary	36
4547942883	Fighting countries:	Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman empire, Italy, Russia, Great Britain, France, Serbia, USA, Belgium	37
4547942884	Where they fought:	Eastern Front-Russia and Germany, Western Front-France, Germany Belgium	38
4547942885	New weapons of WWI:	tank, machine guns, gases, barbed wire, U-boats	39
4547942886	Battle of the Marne	The first battle-It signified the end of the Schlieffen plan and proved that the war would be a slow one	40
4547942887	Battle of Tannenberg	Proved that Russia isn't fit to fight	41
4547942888	Battle of Ypres	It ended in a draw. The first battle that involved poison gas.	42
4547942889	Battle of Verdun	Trench warfare begins	43
4547942890	Battle of the Somme	Tank is introduced	44
4547942891	Gallipoli Campaign	Disaster for Brits so they retreat	45

Powered by Quizlet.com

Biological Molecules Flashcards

Biology Concepts and Connections 5th Edition

Terms : Hide Images

1853728131	Hydrophilic	Attracts water molecules	0
1853728132	Hydrophobic	Avoids water molecules	1
1853728133	Monomer	A chemical part that serves as a building block of a polymer	2
1853728134	Polymer	A compound consisting of repeated linked monomers.	3
1853805147	Dehydration synthesis reaction	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	4
1853728136	Hydrolysis	Process that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; Disassembles polymers to monomers.	5
1853728137	Carbohydrates	Sugars and starches	6
1853728138	Monosaccharide	A monomer; a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.	7
1853728139	Disaccharide	Polymers; a double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	8
1853728140	Polysaccharide	Polymers; made up of more than two monosaccharides; joined by dehydration synthesis. Examples: starch, glycogen, and cellulose.	9
1853728141	Lipids	Fats, oils, and waxes.	10
1853728142	Triglyceride	3 fatty acids attached to glycerol	11
1853728143	Protein	Polymer made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.	12
1853728144	Amino acid	Monomers of protein; 20 different amino acids.	13
2927072982	Enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	14
2927363716	Substrate	reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction	15
2927370484	Active Site	Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.	16
2927367013	Enzyme - Substrate Complex	When the enzyme and substrate are combined	17
2927074798	Catalyst	A substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction and speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. See: Enzyme.	18
1853728145	Denaturation	A change in the structure and function of a protein	19
1853728146	Nucleic acids	Polymers; DNA and RNA	20
1853728147	Nucleotides	Monomers of DNA and RNA; composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous bases	21

Powered by Quizlet.com

Weiten Psychology 7th ch 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

389906375	Applied psychology	The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems.	0
389906376	Behavior	Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism.	1
389906377	Behaviorism	A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.	2
389906378	Clinical psychology	The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.	3
389906379	Cognition	The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge.	4
389906380	Critical thinking	The use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome.	5
389906381	Culture	The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations.	6
389906382	Empiricism	The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation.	7
389906383	Ethnocentrism	The tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways.	8
389906384	Evolutionary psychology	Theoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations.	9
389906385	Functionalism	A school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure.	10
389906386	Humanism	A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth.	11
389906387	Introspection	Careful, systematic observation of one's own conscious experience.	12
389906388	Natural selection	Principle stating that heritable characteristics that provide a survival reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be "selected" over time.	13
389906389	Positive psychology	Approach to psyychology that uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.	14
389906390	Psychiatry	A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.	15
389906391	Psychoanalytic theory	A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.	16
389906392	Psychology	The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems.	17
389906393	SQ3R	A study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review.	18
389906394	Structuralism	A school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related.	19
389906395	Testwiseness	The ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximize one's score.	20
389906396	Theory	A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations.	21
389906397	Unconscious	According to Freud, thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.	22

Powered by Quizlet.com

Ch. 14: The Civil War, 1861-1865 Flashcards

From the AP US History AMSCO book, chapter 14, 2015 edition

Terms : Hide Images

2219264393	border states	States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. This was partly due to Union sentiment in those states and partly the result of shrewd federal policies. Keeping these in the Union was a primary military and political goal for Lincoln.	0
2219264394	Confederate States of America	The confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession from the Union: South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana. The Confederate constitution was modeled after the US Constitution, except it provided a 6-year term for the president and gave the president an item veto. Its constitution denied the Confederate Congress the powers to levy a protective tariff and to appropriate funds for internal improvements, but it did prohibit foreign slave trade.	1
2219264805	Jefferson Davis	An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865. He tried to increase his executive powers during the war, but Southern governors resisted centralization.	2
2219264806	Alexander H. Stephens	Vice President of the Confederate States of America, in defense of states' rights, urged the secession of Georgia in response to the "despotic" actions of the Confederacy	3
2219265718	Second American Revolution	The civil war is sometimes called ______ because although it destroyed slavery and devastated the southern economy, and it also acted as a catalyst to transform american into a complex modern industrial society of capital, technology, national organizations, and large corporations; the characteristics of american democracy and its capitalist economy were strengthened	4
2219265719	greenbacks	Name given to paper money issued by the government during the Civil War, so called because the back side was printed with green ink. They were not redeemable for gold, but $300 million were issued anyway. Farmers hit by the depression wanted to inflate the notes to cover losses, but Grant vetoed an inflation bill and greenbacks were added to permanent circulation. In 1879 the federal government finally made greenbacks redeemable for gold.	5
2219266540	Morrill Tariff Act (1861)	Raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers; high protective tarrifs to project industrialists	6
2219266969	Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)	Encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges	7
2219267642	Pacific Railway Act (1862)	Authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the economies of California and the western territories to the Eastern states	8
2219267643	Homestead Act (1862)	Encouraged westward settlement by allowing heads of families to buy 160 acres of land for a small fee ($10-30); settlers were required to develop and remain on the land for five years. Over 400,000 families got land through this law.	9
2219268617	Fort Sumter	South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort.	10
2219268618	Bull Run	1st real battle of Civil War, Confederate victory. Federal troops attacked Confederate forces at Bull Run Creek (VA), then Confederate reinforcements under Gen. Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson counterattacked and sent the troops back to Washington. This battle ended the illusion of a short war.	11
2219269192	Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson	A confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. He earned his nickname at the battle of first Bull Run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of Chancellorsville his own men accidentally mortally wounded him.	12
2219269193	Winfield Scott	"Old Fuss and Feathers," veteran of the 1812 and Mexican wars, whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War	13
2219269494	Anaconda Plan	Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south (Richmond, VA, capitol)	14
2219269495	George McClellan	A major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Early in the war, McClellan played an important role in raising a well-trained (took too long training them...) and organized army for the Union. Chronically underestimated force of confederate army, leading to failure of Peninsula Campaign and was fired.	15
2219269496	Robert E. Lee	Confederate general of South's eastern forces who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Brilliant tactician.	16
2219270272	Antietam	(AL), 1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. Even though he had Lee's battle plans, McClellan hesitated to attack in this Maryland battle, leading to an unconvincing Union victory. The win was important, however, as it stopped the Confederate invasion of the North and gave Lincoln the victory he was waiting for to act on slavery. Also deprived Confederates of what they so urgently needed -- open recognition and aid from a foreign power (Britain).	17
2219270273	Fredericksburg	On December 13, 1862, General A.E. Burnsides launched a rash frontal attack on Lee's strong position at the city. Not smart. Lots of Northerners died. Burnsides' blunder led to replacement by Hooker, who's ensuing failure led to the appointment of Meade to General. By the end of 1862, the awful magnitude of the war was clear, with no prospect of military victory for either side.	18
2219270686	Monitor vs. Merrimac	First Civil War engagement ever between two iron-clad naval vessels. The two ships battled in a portion of the Chesapeake Bay known as Hampton Roads for five hours on March 9, 1862, ending in a draw. Monitor - Union. Merrimac - Confederacy. Historians use the name of the original ship Merrimac on whose hull the Southern ironclad was constructed, even though the official Confederate name for their ship was the CSS Virginia. This battle marked a turning point in naval warfare, with vulnerable ships being replaced by far more formidable ones.	19
2219270687	Ulysses S. Grant	When the American Civil War began (1861), he was appointed brigadier general; his 1862 attack on Fort Donelson, Tenn., produced the first major Union victory. He drove off a Confederate attack at Shiloh but was criticized for heavy Union losses. He devised the campaign to take the stronghold of Vicksburg, Miss., in 1863, cutting the Confederacy in half from east to west. Following his victory at the Battle of Chattanooga in 1864, he was appointed commander of the Union army. While Gen. William T. Sherman made his famous march across Georgia, Grant attacked forces under Gen. Robert E. Lee in Virginia, bringing the war to an end in 1865. Grant's administrative ability and innovative strategies were largely responsible for the Union victory.	20
2219271491	Shiloh	Major battle in the American Civil War, fought April 6-7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack against the Union Army of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. The Confederates achieved considerable success on the first day but were ultimately defeated on the second day. Terrible losses on both sides.	21
2219271492	David Farragut	First U. S. Navy admiral and was responsible for the successful blockade of the South during the Civil War	22
2219271878	Gettysburg	1863-General Lee lead the Confederate troops into Pennsylvania. He surprised the units in Gettysburg and the battle was the most crucial and bloodiest of the war. The victory at Gettysburg belonged to Lincoln and the Union. Turning point; last offensive attack of the South.	23
2219271879	Vicksburg	Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union, cutting off Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas from the rest of the Confederacy	24
2219271880	Sherman's March	(1864-1865) Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's destructive March through Georgia. An early instance of "total war", purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish moral and undercut the confederate war effort.	25
2219272609	Appomattox Court House	Site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant (April 9, 1865). The Confederate government tried to negotiate for peace, but Lincoln would accept nothing short of restoration of the Union.	26
2219272610	executive power	Lincoln used powers more than any previous president, drawing upon his powers both as chief executive and commander in chief, often without approval on Congress. For example, he called for 75,000 volunteers to put down the "insurrection" of the Confederacy after the Fort Sumter crisis, authorized spending for war, and suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.	27
2219273049	habeas corpus	The right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime; during the Civil War Abraham Lincoln suspended this	28
2219273050	insurrection	organized opposition to authority, revolt; what Lincoln called the Confederacy's actions in Fort Sumter.	29
2222135603	failure of King Cotton diplomacy	when the Confederacy threatened "King Cotton" as a way to gain recognition from Britain, Europe simply found other sources of cotton such as Egypt and India, and other materials for textiles like wool and linen.	30
2222145935	Lincoln and slavery	Lincoln's concerns about taking action against slavery included: 1. keeping the support of border states 2. constitutional protections of slavery 3. racial prejudice of many Northerners 4. fear that premature action could be overturned in next election.	31
2219273051	Confiscation acts	Series of laws (1861, 1862) passed by federal government designed to liberate slaves in seceded states; authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and stated that all slaves who fought with Confederate military services were freed of further obligations to their masters; virtually emancipation act of all slaves in Confederacy	32
2219274215	Emancipation Proclaimation	Issued at the Battle of Antietam in 1862-Lincoln freed all the slaves in the Confederate states justifying it as a "military necessity", but slaves in Border States loyal to the Union remained enslaved, encouraged to come up with own emancipation plan. It only applied to states in rebellion (Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe. The proclamation added weight to the Confiscation acts, made Union army fight against slavery not just secession.	33
2219274216	Thirteenth amendment	The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude (freed ALL slaves).	34
2219274833	Ex Parte Milligan	Supreme Court decided that the suspension of habeas corpus was unconstitutional because civilian courts were still operating, and the Constitution of the United States (according to the Court) only provided for suspension of habeas corpus if these courts are actually forced closed. In essence, the court ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians in areas where civil courts were open, even during wartime.	35
2219274834	draft riots	Conscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers-- if they returned to civilian life, their jobs would be taken by Afr Ams	36
2219274835	Copperheads	Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the South	37
2219275344	election of 1864	Many northerners unhappy with war and Lincoln in danger of losing election - Democrats nominate McClellan in an effort to defeat Lincoln and negotiate an end to war (Lincoln's former general) - Sherman's capture of Atlanta 2 months before election signaled to everyone that Union victory is within reach and Lincoln wins; McClellan did take 45% of popular vote though.	38
2219275345	Trent Affair	In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France and Britain to lobby for recognition on a British steamer, the ____. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release. The South did not get recognition from Britain or France in the end.	39
2219275346	Alabama	A ship built by the British. Not originally built to be a war ship but in 1862 the confederates gave it a crew and weapons. It captured over 60 union vessels before it was sunk by a Union cruiser in 1864 off the coast of France.	40
2219275636	Laird rams	These were two iron-clad ships being constructed in Great Britain for the Confederacy. These ships contained iron rams, large-caliber guns, and were very dangerous to the Union blockade. (US minister to Britain) Charles Adams persuaded British to cancel the sale rather than risk war with the US.	41
2219275637	John Wilkes Booth	An American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865. On the same night, a co-conspirator wounded Secretary of State William Seward.	42
2219276412	segregated black troops	hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks walked away from slavery to join the Union army and navy, performed courageously under fire and won respect of Union white soldiers.	43
2219277073	Massachusetts 54th Regiment	First successful Black regiment (headed mostly by whites). Led by Robert Gould Shaw. Most famous battle was that fought at Ft. Wagner where they lost most of their men--a very celebrated regiment	44
2219277074	women in the workplace	the absence of millions of men from their normal occupations in fields and factories added to the responsibilities of women in all regions. They stepped into the labor vacuum created by the war, on farms, plantations, factory jobs customarily held by men	45
2219277075	women in nursing	women played a critical role as military nurses and as volunteers in soldiers' aid societies	46
2219277443	war's long term effects	1. political: Repub. majorities in both houses, civil liberties - Lincoln focused more on prosecuting war than protecting citizen's rights, dems saw him as tyrant, opposition to draft, political dominance of the north supremacy of fed gov't over states was an est. fact 2. economic: greenbacks paper money, bonds, tariffs, incredible inflation in the South, national bank system, modernization of N. business & industrialization 3. social: women got jobs, slaves freed	47
2219277444	4 million freedmen	_____ were the people freed by the 13th amendment. For these people and their descendants, economic hardship and political oppression would continue for generations, but the end of slavery represented a momentous step.	48

Powered by Quizlet.com

Brinkley Ch 14: The Civil War Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3546005218	Fort Sumter	Built on a small island, this fort was designed to protect the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. When South Carolina seceded in December 1860, the garrison inside Fort Sumter remained loyal to the United States. When the fort's food supplies began to run out, President Lincoln's effort to replenish them generated military reprisal from Confederate forces. The shelling of this fort on April 12, 1861, started the Civil War.	0
3546005219	Homestead Act	In 1862, Congress passed this act that gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm and improve the land within five years of the grant. It encouraged westward migration into the Great Plains after the Civil War. This remained in effect for over a century. During that time, over 2 million people filed for a homestead on a quarter section of public domain land. However, only about 40%, or 783,000, succeeded in finally earning the title to their property.	1
3546008319	Morrill Land Grant Act	Passed on July 2, 1862 in the midst of the Civil War, this act encouraged the founding of agricultural (and later engineering) colleges across the United States by providing land for campuses in all states loyal to the Union. Under its auspices, more than 70 land-grant colleges have been founded in the United States.	2
3546008320	Copperheads	This term refers to the northern Democrats who opposed all measures in support of war against the Confederacy. These "Peace Democrats" were convinced that the war was centralizing national power and that such developments ultimately posed greater dangers to the nation than the military challenge of Southern Rebels. Many Northerners strongly suspected unpatriotic motives lay behind the scathing attacks leveled by these Democrats against the war and the administration. Republicans branded them as disloyal. Indeed, the activities of some seemed to border on the treasonable, causing Lincoln such concern that he once expressed his fear of a "fire in the rear."	3
3546010548	New York Draft Riots	Discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing Civil War, and objection to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, led to this violent protest. The riots were the largest civil insurrection in American history. The military suppressed the mob using artillery and fixed bayonets, but not before numerous buildings were ransacked or destroyed, including many homes and an orphanage for black children. Estimated fatalities during the five days of violence totaled more than 100. More than 50 large buildings were destroyed by fire, and property damage was about $2 million.	4
3546013676	habeas corpus	habeas corpus This Constitutional right requires arresting authorities to explain the grounds for a person's imprisonment or detention before a court of law. Abraham Lincoln suspended this right in Maryland in order to "suppress the insurrection" and restrain "disloyal persons."	5
3546013677	Emancipation Proclamation	This war measure was signed by President Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862 to take effect on January 1, 1863. It freed the slaves in all areas rebelling against the Union at that point. Slaves in areas still within the control of the Confederacy were obviously not affected by this order, nor were slaves residing in the border states that had remained loyal to the Union. Despite the limited practical impact, however, it had an enormous psychological impact, elevating the abolition of slavery to one of the North's stated war aims and leading the way for the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment after the war ended in Union victory in 1865.	6
3546015823	54th Massachusetts	This regiment was one of the first official African American units in the United States armed forces. The regiment gained recognition on July 18, 1863, when it spearheaded an assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina. Although the Union was not able to take and hold the fort, the unit was widely acclaimed for its valor, and the event helped encourage the further enlistment and mobilization of African-American troops, a key development that President Abraham Lincoln once noted as helping to secure the final victory.	7
3546015824	Clara Barton	She served in field hospitals at or near the battlegrounds of Second bull run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, and the Richmond-Petersburg siege. Often under fire, she showed that women could serve in the field with bravery and competence and thus cleared the way for other Northern women to follow her to the Virginia front. The Civil War was the central, defining event in her life: it gave her the opportunity to reach out and seize control of her destiny in the relief of the suffering. She later served in military hospitals in Europe and Cuba and founded and became first president of the American Association of the Red Cross.	8
3546018660	Robert E. Lee	He was the commander of the Confederacy's Army of Northern Virginia. Always outnumbered but never outfought, he was one of the most brilliant tacticians in American military history and the embodiment of Southern military prowess during the Civil War. For three years, he defied and outmaneuvered superior numbers of Union troops, though his Army of Northern Virginia was perpetually short of men, equipment, and supplies. He surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, in 1865.	9
3546018661	Bull Run	This was the first major battle of the Civil War fought between the 32,200 Confederate soldiers of Brigadier General Pierre Beauregard's army and 30,000 Union troops under the command of Brigadier General Irwin A. McDowell. By the afternoon of 21 July, Confederate reinforcements arrived and finally broke the Union right flank. The retreat rapidly became a rout, and McDowell's forces fell back in disarray. Altogether, nearly 900 men had been killed and over 2,700 wounded, numbers that would pale in comparison to later battles, but nonetheless shocked a nation that had naively expected a relatively bloodless war. The battle helped convince the Washington government that the war would be a costly affair.	10
3546021093	George McClellan	President Lincoln appointed him commander of Union forces in 1861. After months of preparation however, his army was defeated by Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army in the Peninsular Campaign of 1862. His egotism and overcautiousness cost the Union the chance to end the Civil War quickly and finally forced President Abraham Lincoln to relieve him of command after Antietam in 1862. Thereafter, he identified with the political opposition to Lincoln and in 1864 ran unsuccessfully for president as a Democrat.	11
3546021094	Antietam	This Civil War battle took place near Sharpsburg, Maryland in September, 1862. Gen. Robert E. Lee, commander of the Confederate Army, had led his troops into the North to forage for supplies and to rally Southern sympathizers in Maryland. This was the bloodiest battle of the entire Civil War. The Confederates' defeat was a serious blow to their morale and diminished the Confederacy's chances of securing international recognition. McClellan, despite winning the battle, was criticized for not inflicting a more resounding defeat on the Confederates with their vastly superior numbers.	12
3546023575	Vicksburg	During the Civil War, this strategic location earned the label "The Gibraltar of the Confederacy" because of its impregnable situation on the Mississippi River. In July, 1863, Union major general Ulysses S. Grant completed a successful campaign to capture the city. The Union victory came at a high cost, but it succeeded in cutting off the Confederacy's only remaining route to its western regions with their indispensable supplies. The capture of this location solidified Grant's reputation as a fighting general, prepared to win the war despite the casualties. Lincoln later named him commander of all Union forces.	13
3546023576	Gettysburg	This battle is considered by many historians to be the turning point of the Civil War. General Lee planned a raid into Pennsylvania to relieve the strained Virginia countryside, disrupt Union economic security and bring foreign recognition to the Confederacy. US General George G. Meade ordered the entire army to concentrate on this battlefield against Lee's forces. After the Confederate loss there, Gen. Robert E. Lee never took the strategic offensive in battle again. Lee's army of 75,000 troops suffered 28,000 casualties. Though Meade had kept Lee out of the North, he was later criticized for not further pursuing and demolishing the Confederate Army.	14
3546026057	Gettysburg Address	On November 19, 1863 in a ceremony to commemorate the Battle of Gettysburg fought the previous July, President Abraham Lincoln delivered this brief address to a crowd of 15,000 people as he dedicated a cemetery for the battle's dead. Both at the time and since, Americans have looked to this address as representing the noblest vision of America and the sacrifice that is often called upon to attain that vision.	15
3546026058	Election of 1864	The contest in the midst of the Civil War pitted President Abraham Lincoln against Democrat George B. McClellan, the general who had commanded the Army of the Potomac until his indecision and delays caused Lincoln to remove him. The Republicans attracted Democratic support by running as the Union party and putting Johnson, a pro-war Democrat, on the ticket. McClellan repudiated the Democratic platform's call for peace, but he attacked Lincoln's handling of the war. Lincoln won in a landslide, owing to the military successes of Generals Ulysses S. Grant in Virginia and William T. Sherman in the Deep South. The electoral vote was 212 to 21.	16
3546028567	Ulysses S. Grant	In 1864, President Lincoln placed this victorious commander at Vicksburg in command of all Union forces. He slowly battered Lee's armies into submission around Richmond in 1864-1865, and received Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. He was elected president in 1868 and 1872 and guided the nation through the difficult period of Reconstruction. His scandal-ridden administration seemed to suggest a transition into a new "gilded age."	17
3546028568	William T. Sherman	In September 1864, General William Sherman's army captured Atlanta and began marching toward Savannah on the Georgia coast. He intended to defeat the enemy's forces, destroy its economic resources, and break its will to resist. Sherman himself estimated his raid had inflicted $100 million worth of damage. Sherman's strategy of destruction was designed, as his own saying went, to "make Georgia howl."	18
3546029988	Appomattox Court House	On April 9, 1865, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant in this town in south-central Virginia. The Confederate surrender was the end of the Civil War in Virginia and marked the beginning of the end of the war across the South.	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

Ap Global Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4447071862	8000 BCE	Agriculture	0
4447071863	3000 BCE	Bronze Age	1
4447071864	1300 BCE	Iron Age	2
4447071865	6th Century BCE	Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism	3
4447071866	5th Century BCE	Greek Golden Age Philosophers	4
4447071867	323 BCE	Alexander The Great	5
4447071868	221 BCE	Qin unify China	6
4447071869	32 CE	Christianity	7
4447071870	180 CE	End of Pax Romana	8
4447071871	220 CE	End of Han Dynasty	9
4447071872	333	Roman capital moved to Constantinople	10
4447071873	4th CE	Beginning of Trans Saharan Trade Routes	11
4447071874	476	Fall of Rome	12
4447071875	527	Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire	13
4447250292	8000 BCE-600 BCE	Foundations	14
4447250293	5th C BCE-527	Classical	15
4447250294	600-1450	Post Classical	16
4447250295	1450-1750	Pre Modern	17
4447250296	1750-1914	Modern	18
4447250297	1914-Present	Contemporary	19
4447250298	622	Founding of Islam	20
4447250299	732	Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France)	21
4447250300	1054	Great Schism (Roman Catholic vs. Eastern Orthodox)	22
4447250301	1066	Norman conquest of England	23
4447250302	1071	Battle of Manzikert (Seljuk Turks defeat Byz)	24
4447250303	1094	First Crusade	25
4447250304	1258	Mongols sack Baghdad	26
4447250305	1271-1295	Marco Polo's travels	27
4447250306	1324	Mansa Musa pilgrimage	28
4447250307	1325-1349	Travels of Ibn Battuta	29
4447250308	1347-1348	Bubonic Plague in Europe	30
4447250309	1405-1433	Zheng He's voyages	31
4447250310	1453	Ottomans capture Constantinople	32
4447250311	1492	Columbus/Reconquista of Spain	33
4447250312	1502	1st slaves to Americas	34
4447250313	1517	Martin Luther	35
4447250314	1521	Cortez conquered the Aztecs	36
4447250315	1571	Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of ottomans)	37
4447250316	1588	Defeat of Spanish Armada by the british	38
4447250317	1600	Beginning of Tokugawa	39
4447250318	1607	Foundation of jamestown	40
4447250319	1618-1648	30 years war	41
4447250320	1683	Unsuccessful ottoman siege of vienna	42
4447250321	1689	Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights	43
4447250322	1750	Industrial Revolution	44
4447250323	1756-1763	7 Years War/ French and Indian War	45
4447250324	1776	American Revolution	46
4447250325	1789	French Revolution Begins	47
4447250326	1804	Haitian Independence	48
4447250327	1815	Congress of Vienna	49
4447250328	1820	Independence of Latin America	50
4447250329	1839	1st Opium War in China	51
4447250330	1848	European Revolutions/ Communist Manifesto	52
4447250331	1853	Commodore Perry opens Japan	53
4447250332	1857	Sepoy Mutiny	54
4447250333	1861	End of Russian serfdom/Italian Unification	55
4447250334	1863	Emancipation Proclamation	56
4447250335	1871	German Unification	57
4447250336	1885	Berlin Conference/ Division of Africa	58
4447250337	1898	Spanish-American War	59
4447250338	1899	Boer War/ British control of south africa	60
4447250339	1905	Russo-Japanese War	61
4447250340	1910-1920	Mexican Revolution	62
4447250341	1911	Chinese Revolution	63
4447250342	1914	WW1	64
4447250343	1917	Russian Revolution	65
4447250344	1919	Treaty of Versailles/ end WW1	66
4447250345	1929	Stock market crash	67
4447250346	1931	Japanese invasion of Manchuria	68
4447250347	1935	Italian invasion of Ethiopia	69
4447250348	1939	German blitzkrieg in Poland	70
4447250349	1941	Pearl Harbor US enters WW2	71
4447250350	1945	WW2 ends	72
4447250351	1947	Independence and partition of India	73
4447250352	1948	Birth of Israel	74
4447250353	1949	Chinese Communist Revolution	75
4447250354	1950-1953	Korean War	76
4447250355	1954	Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu	77
4447250356	1956	De-Stalinization/Nationalization of Suez Canal	78
4447250357	1959	Cuban Revolution	79
4447250358	1962	Cuban Missile Crisis	80
4447250359	1967	Chinese Cultural Revolution	81
4447250360	1973	Yom Kippur War	82
4447250361	1979	Iranian Revolution	83
4447250362	1987	1st Palestinian Intifada	84
4447250363	1989	Tiananmen Square/ Fall of Berlin Wall	85
4447250364	1991	Fall of USSR	86
4447250365	1994	Genocide in Rwanda	87
4447250366	2001	9/11 Attacks	88

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

Chem M.A.D Final Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

ISB China Words Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

WORLD WAR I exam Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

Weiten Psychology 7th ch 1 Flashcards

Ch. 14: The Civil War, 1861-1865 Flashcards

Brinkley Ch 14: The Civil War Flashcards

Ap Global Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

4356435513	Alkuhl	Arabic meaning "the essence" from which the word alcohol is derived	0
4356435514	Amphetamines	Powerful central nervous system stimulants	1
4356435515	Aqua vitae	Means "water of life" another expression for water baking soda, and alcohol	2
4356435516	Barbital	A sedative-hypnotic drug used to treat anxiety and nervousness	3
4356435517	Barbiturate	A class of drugs that have depressant effects	4
4356435518	Benzedrine	An amphetamine use to treat nasal congestion and asthma	5
4356435519	Benzodiazepines	Minor tranquilizer; examples are librium and valum	6
4356435520	Bromides	Nonbartiturate sedatives used to treat epileptic convulsions	7
4356435521	Caffeine	Mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, pop, and chocolate	8
4356435522	Chloral hydrate	Nonbarbiturate sedative; also called "knock out drops"	9
4356435523	Crack cocaine	Variation of cocaine made by heating cocaine after mixing it with baking soda and water	10
4356435524	Distillation	Heating process that increases alcohol content	11
4356435525	Drug abuse	Intentional and inappropriate use of drug resulting in physical problems	12
4356435526	Drug misuse	Intentional or inappropriate use of drugs	13
4356435527	Drug	Any substance that alters ones ability to function emotionally, psychically, financially, intellectually, or socially	14
4356435528	Ergotism	Condition resulting from ingesting a fungus that grows on grains	15
4356435529	Ether	Inhalant dating back to the late 1700's	16
4356435530	Freebase	Variation of cocaine in which cocaine is seperated from its base	17
4356435531	Hallucinogen	Class of drugs that induce distortions in time and space	18
4356435532	Hashishiyya	Group of men who, while under the influencr of hashish, allegdly terrorized and killed people	19
4356435533	Heroin	Potent drunk derivative from opium	20
4356435534	Inhalants	Drugs that are inhaled or "sniffed"	21
4356435535	Jamestown weed	Hallucinogen derived from the datura plant also knows and "locoweed"	22
4356435536	Kola nut	Part of a plant oringinally used in Coca-Cola	23
4356435537	Laudanum	Drug derived from opium	24
4356435538	LSD	A powerful halluinogen derived from fungus	25
4356435539	Meprobamate	Minor tranquilizer marked under the name of Miltown	26
4356435540	Mescaline	Psychoative agent or hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus	27
4356435541	Methamphetamine	A more potent form of amphetamine	28
4356435542	Morphine	Analgesic drug derived from opin; used medicaly as a painkiller	29
4356435543	Narcotics	Any of the opium-based central nervous system depressants	30
4356435544	Nitrous oxide	A class of drugs derived from opium	31
4356435545	Paraldehyde	Nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic drug used with severly disturbed mental patients	32
4356435546	Peyote	A cactus containing the hallucinogen mescaline	33
4356435547	Psilocybin	A hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms in central america	34
4356435548	Psychoactive drugs	Any substancr that has the capability of altering mood	35
4356435549	Soldiers disease	A name given to morphone dependency during the civil war	36
4356435550	Temperance	Moderae alcohol use, rather than abstinence	37
4356435551	Whiskey Rebellion	A protest by farmers in southwestern pennsylvania against a whiskey tax	38
4356435552	acute	Describes a condition that arises abruptly and is not longstanding	39

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org