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Chapter 5: Developing Through the Lifespan Flashcards

243909667	Developmental Psychology	the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children	0
243909668	Zygote	diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg	1
243909669	Embryo	an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life	2
243909670	Fetus	an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal	3
243909671	Tetratogens	Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the emryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.	4
243909672	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)	physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. in severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions	5
243909673	Habituation	being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)	6
243909674	Maturation	biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.	7
243909675	Cognition	the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning	8
243909676	Schema	an internal representation of the world	9
243909677	Assimilation	the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure	10
243909678	Accomodation	adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information	11
243909679	Sensorimotor Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities	12
243909680	Object Permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived	13
243909681	Peroperational Stage	in piagets theory the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic	14
243909682	Conservation	the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects	15
243909683	Egocentrism	in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view	16
243909684	`Theory of Mind	people's ideas about their own and others' mental states -- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict	17
243909685	Concrete Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events	18
243909686	Formal Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts	19
243909687	Autism	a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind	20
243909688	Stranger Anxiety	The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.	21
243909689	Attachment	an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation	22
243909690	Critical Period	an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development	23
243909691	Imprinting	a learning process in early life whereby species' specific patterns of behavior are established	24
243909692	Basic Trust	according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers	25
243909693	Self-Concept	all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"	26
243909694	Adolescence	the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence	27
243909695	Puberty	the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing	28
243909696	Primary Sex Characteristics	the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible	29
243909697	Secondary Sex Characteristics	nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair	30
243909698	Menarche	the first occurrence of menstruation in a woman	31
243909699	Identity	one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles	32
243909700	Social Identity	the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships	33
243909701	Intimacy	in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood	34
243909702	Emerging Adulthood	for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood	35
243909703	Menopause	the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines	36
243909704	Cross-Sectional Study	a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another	37
243909705	Longitudinal Study	research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period	38
243909706	Crystallized Intelligence	one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age	39
243909707	Fluid Intelligence	one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood	40
243909708	Social Clock	the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement	41

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Chapter 5: Developing Through the Lifespan Flashcards

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243909667	Developmental Psychology	the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children	0
243909668	Zygote	diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg	1
243909669	Embryo	an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life	2
243909670	Fetus	an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal	3
243909671	Tetratogens	Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the emryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.	4
243909672	Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)	physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. in severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions	5
243909673	Habituation	being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)	6
243909674	Maturation	biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.	7
243909675	Cognition	the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning	8
243909676	Schema	an internal representation of the world	9
243909677	Assimilation	the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure	10
243909678	Accomodation	adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information	11
243909679	Sensorimotor Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities	12
243909680	Object Permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived	13
243909681	Peroperational Stage	in piagets theory the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic	14
243909682	Conservation	the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects	15
243909683	Egocentrism	in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view	16
243909684	`Theory of Mind	people's ideas about their own and others' mental states -- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict	17
243909685	Concrete Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events	18
243909686	Formal Operational Stage	in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts	19
243909687	Autism	a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind	20
243909688	Stranger Anxiety	The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.	21
243909689	Attachment	an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation	22
243909690	Critical Period	an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development	23
243909691	Imprinting	a learning process in early life whereby species' specific patterns of behavior are established	24
243909692	Basic Trust	according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers	25
243909693	Self-Concept	all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"	26
243909694	Adolescence	the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence	27
243909695	Puberty	the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing	28
243909696	Primary Sex Characteristics	the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible	29
243909697	Secondary Sex Characteristics	nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair	30
243909698	Menarche	the first occurrence of menstruation in a woman	31
243909699	Identity	one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles	32
243909700	Social Identity	the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships	33
243909701	Intimacy	in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood	34
243909702	Emerging Adulthood	for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood	35
243909703	Menopause	the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines	36
243909704	Cross-Sectional Study	a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another	37
243909705	Longitudinal Study	research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period	38
243909706	Crystallized Intelligence	one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age	39
243909707	Fluid Intelligence	one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood	40
243909708	Social Clock	the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement	41

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MYERS' PSYCHOLOGY FOR AP: UNIT 1 (MODULES 1-3) Flashcards

These flashcard sets follow along with MYERS' PSYCHOLOGY FOR AP, 2nd Edition, textbook by David G. Myers. This is Unit 1 (Modules 1-3) and is "History and Approaches."

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1623664942	Empiricism	the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.	0
1623664943	Structuralism	an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.	1
1623664944	Functionalism	a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function--how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.	2
1623664945	Experimental Psychology	the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.	3
1623664946	Behaviorism	the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).	4
1623664947	Humanistic Psychology	historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth.	5
1623664948	Cognitive Neuroscience	the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).	6
1623664949	Psychology	the science of behavior and mental processes.	7
1623664950	Nature-Nurture Issue	the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.	8
1623664951	Natural Selection	the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.	9
1623664952	Levels of Analysis	the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.	10
1623664953	Biopsychosocial Approach	an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.	11
1623664954	Behavioral Psychology	the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning.	12
1623664955	Biological Psychology	a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.	13
1623664956	Cognitive Psychology	the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.	14
1623664957	Evolutionary Psychology	the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.	15
1623664958	Psychodynamic Psychology	a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.	16
1623664959	Social-Cultural Psychology	the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.	17
1623664960	Psychometrics	the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.	18
1623664961	Basic Research	pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.	19
1623664962	Developmental Psychology	the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.	20
1623664963	Educational Psychology	the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.	21
1623664964	Personality Psychology	the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.	22
1623664965	Social Psychology	the scientific study if how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.	23
1623664966	Applied Research	scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.	24
1623664967	Industrial-Organized (I/O) Psychology	the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.	25
1623664968	Human Factors Psychology	the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments.	26
1623664969	Counseling Psychology	a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.	27
1623664970	Clinical Psychology	a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.	28
1623664971	Psychiatry	a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.	29
1623664972	Positive Psychology	the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.	30
1623664973	Community Psychology	a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.	31
1623664974	Testing Effect	enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.	32
1623664975	SQ3R	a study method incorporating five steps: Survery, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review.	33

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Half-Way Covenant Flashcards

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3024787225	What?	children may be baptized and obtain partial membership of the Puritan church	0
3024792765	Why?	the Puritan church were dwindling in numbers	1
3024842005	Impact	it was ineffective; Puritan church members were still low	2

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Biology - Campbell 10th Ed Ch 5 Flashcards

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412843208	polymer	many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds	0
412843209	monomers	building blocks of polymers	1
412843211	enzymes	macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions	2
412843212	dehydration reaction	two molecules covalently bonded together with the loss of a water molecule	3
412843213	dehydration reaction	one monomer provides a hydroxyl group (-OH), while the other provides a hydrogen (-H)	4
412843214	hydrolysis	reverse reaction of dehydration	5
412843215	hydrolysis	polymers are disassembled to monomers	6
412843217	hydrolysis	water breakage	7
412843498	protein	build from 20 kinds of amino acids	8
412843500	carbohydrates	sugars and polymers of sugars	9
412843501	monosaccharides	single sugar	10
412843502	hexoses	6 carbon sugar	11
412843504	trioses	3 carbon sugar	12
412843505	pentose	5 carbon sugar	13
412843506	rings	in aqueous solutions, glucose, as well as other five- and six-carbon sugars form	14
412843508	disaccharide	two monosaccarhides joined by a glycosidic linkage	15
412843511	glycosidic linkage	covalent bond formed between two monosaccarhides by a dehydration reaction	16
412843512	maltose	glucose + glucose glycosidic linkage	17
412843513	sucrose	glucose + fructose	18
412843515	polysaccharides	macromolecules, polymers w/ a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage	19
412843516	starch	polymer of glucose monomers	20
412843517	stored energy	starch	21
412843518	amylose	simplest form of starch, unbranched	22
412843520	amylopectin	complex form of starch, branched polymer	23
412843521	glycogen	a polysaccharide stored by animals	24
412843522	glycogen	a polymer of glucose much like amylopectin but more extensively branched	25
412843523	type of polysaccharide	cellulose	26
412843524	cellulose	most abundant organic compound on earth	27
412843525	cellulose	polymer of glucose	28
412843526	cellulose	insoluble fiber	29
412843527	chitin	carbohydrate used by arthropods to build exoskeletons	30
412843529	chitin	structural polysaccharide	31
412843533	lipids	biological molecules that does not include true polymers	32
412843534	lipids	generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules	33
412843537	lipids	mix poorly (if at all) with water	34
412843540	lipids	mostly of hydrocarbon regions	35
412843546	lipids	waxes	36
412843549	fats, phospholipids and steroids	lipids	37
412843550	fat	constructed from glycerol and fatty acids	38
412843551	fatty acid	long carbon skeleton, usually 16 or 18 carbon atoms length	39
412843552	relatively non polar c-h bonds in hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids	why are fats hydrophobic	40
412843553	triacyglycerol	three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule	41
412843554	saturated fatty acid	no double bonds between carbon atoms	42
412843555	unsaturated fatty acid	one or more double bonds, with one fewer hydrogen atom on each double-bonded carbon	43
412843556	cis	nearly all double bonds in naturally occurring fatty acids are __________ double bonds	44
412843557	saturated fat	lard, butter	45
412843559	unsaturated fat	olive oil	46
412843570	saturated fat	cause of cardiovascular disease known as atherosclerosis	47
412843572	energy storage	major function of fats	48
412843573	1g of fat	stores twice as much energy as a gram of a polysaccharide such as starch	49
412843574	phospholipid	hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails	50
412843577	phospholipid	two fatty acids attached to glycerol	51
412843578	bilayers	tails of phospholipids facing each other	52
412843579	steroid	lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings	53
412845297	type of steroid	cholesterol	54
412845298	protein	account for 50% of the dry mass of most cells	55
412845299	speed up chemical reactions, defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement or structure support	roles of a protein	56
412845300	regulate metabolism	enzymatic proteins	57
412845301	catalyst	chemical agents that speed up chemical reactions WITHOUT being consumed by the reaction	58
412845302	protein	constructed from a set of 20 types of amino acids	59
412845303	polypeptide	bond of a polymer of amino acids	60
412845305	peptide bond	link between amino acids	61
412845306	protein	made up of one or more polypeptides	62
412845307	amino acid	organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group	63
412845308	R group	side chain within each amino acid	64
412845309	globular proteins	spherical proteins	65
412845311	fibrous proteins	proteins shaped like long fibers	66
412845317	primary, secondary, tertiary	levels of protein structure	67
412845318	primary structure	linear chain of amino acids	68
412845320	secondary structure	regions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone	69
412845321	alpha helix	coiled secondary structure of a protein	70
412845322	beta pleated sheets	make up the core of globular proteins	71
412845324	beta pleated sheets	flat secondary structure of a protein	72
412845328	tertiary structure	overall shape of a polypeptide	73
412845329	hydrogen bond	hydroxyl group (-OH) loses a hydrogen, carboxyl group (C=O) loses an oxygen	74
412845331	sulfhydryl groups (-SH) brought close together by the folding of the protein	disulfide bridge	75
412845333		hydrophobic interaction	76
412845334		ionic bond	77
412845336	quaternary structure	protein consisting of two or more polypeptide chains aggregated into one functional macromolecule	78
412845337	sickle-cell disease	caused by the substitution of one amino acid within the primary structure of hemoglobin	79
412845338	denaturation	protein unravels and loses with native shape	80
412845339	denaturation	weak chemical bonds and interaction within a protein may be destroyed	81
412845342	chaperonins	chaperon proteins	82
412845343	chaperonins	protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins	83
412845344	chaperonins	keep a polypeptide segregated from disruptive chemical conditions	84
412845347	hydrophilic	chaperonins have a ___________ environment that aids the folding process	85
412845348	cystic fibrosis, alzheimer's, parkinson's and mad cow disease	associated with misfolded proteins	86
412845349	x-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, bioinformatics	approaches to understanding protein structure and function	87
412845350	gene	consist of DNA	88
412845351	gene	programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide	89
412845352	nucleic acids	polymers made of monomers	90
412845355	DNA, RNA	two types of nucleic acids	91
412845356	DNA	provides directions for its own replication	92
412845357	DNA	directs RNA synthesis	93
412845358	gene expression	DNA > RNA > amino acids > proteins	94
412845360	ribosomes	cellular structure for protein synthesis	95
412845364	nucleus	location of DNA	96
412845383	polynucleotides	nucleic acids that exist as polymers	97
412845385	nucleotide	polynucleotide monomer	98
412845386	cytosine	pyrimidine	99
412845387	thymine	pyrimidine	100
412845389	uracil	pyrimidine	101
412845846	adenine	purine	102
412845849	guanine	purine	103
412845850	deoxyribose	sugar in DNA	104
412845852	ribose	sugar in RNA	105
412845853	nucleoside	portion of a nucleotide without phosphate groups	106
412845854	pyrimidine	single ring base w/in DNA	107
412846038	purine	double ring base w/in DNA	108
412846039	double helix	polynucleotides that wind around an imaginary axis within DNA	109
412846040	antiparallel	opposite 5' - 3' directions sugar phosphate backbones run	110
412846041	pairs with adenine	pairs with thymine	111
412846042	pairs with cytosine	pairs with guanine	112
412846044	tRNA	brings amino acids to the ribosome during synthesis of a polypeptide	113
412846049	DNA	bearer of genetic information	114
673650633	ester	compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, by removing water. It contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond joined via carbon to another oxygen atom	115
673650635	hydrogenation	The chemical reaction of hydrogen with another substance, especially with an unsaturated organic compound, and usually under the influence of temperature, pressure and catalysts	116
673650638	enzyme	a globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction	117
1313872306	nucleotide	consists of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups	118
587762282	ATP	consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a pentose sugar, and three phosphate groups.	119
510230310	proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids	The four main categories of large biological molecules present in living systems are	120
970584626	glycosidic linkage	join simple sugars to form polysaccharides	121

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Test 3 Review Questions Flashcards

Campbell Bilogy Chapter 12-17 End of chapter review questions

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1558207799	through a microscope you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. The cell is most likely	a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis	0
1558207800	Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of micrtubles, its effectiveness must be related to	description of mitotic spindle formation	1
1558207801	one difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that	cancer cells continue to divide even when the are affected by densty-dependent inhibition	2
1558207802	the decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis is due to	the degradation if cyclin	3
1558207803	In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This will result in	cells with more than one nucleus	4
1558207804	a paticular cell has half as much DNA as some other cells in a mitotically active tissue. This cell is most liekly in	G1	5
1558207805	The drug cytohalasin B blocks the function of actin. What aspects of an animal cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytochalasin B?	cleavage furrow and cytokinesis	6
1558207806	A human cell containing 22 automsomes and Y chromosome is a	sperm	7
1558207807	which life cycle stage is found in plants but not in animals	unicellular diploid	8
1558207808	Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during	meiosis I	9
1558207809	meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that	sister chromatids separate during anaphase	10
1558207810	If the DNA content of a diplod cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is X, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis would be	2X	11
1558207811	What is the badic differnce in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?	DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of the growing strand	12
1558207812	In analyzing the number of the different bases in DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base pairing rules?	A+G=C+T	13
1558207813	the elongations of the leading strand during DNA synthesis	depends on the action of DNA polymerase	14
1558207814	In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around	histones	15
1558207815	In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until	several transcription factors have bound to the promoters	16
1558207816	the anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is	complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon	17
1558207817	what mutation would likely to have a harmful effect on and organism	the single nucleuotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence	18

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AP Bio Ch. 27 (8th Edition) Flashcards

Flashcards for Ch. 27 (8th Edition)

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90123413	Peptidoglycan	A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides; encloses entire bacterium and anchors other molecules that extend from its surface	0
90123414	Gram Stain	A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell wall	1
90123415	Gram-Negative	Have a cell wall that is more structurally complex and contains LESS peptidoglycan; often more toxic	2
90123416	Gram-Positive	Have a cell wall that is less structurally complex and contains MORE peptidoglycan; often less toxic	3
90123417	Capsule	A sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces	4
90123418	Fimbria (Fimbriae)	A short, hairlike apendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cells; also known as attachment pilus	5
90123419	Sex Pilus (Sex Pili)	A structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation; also known as conjugation pilus	6
90123420	Taxis	An oriented movement toward or away from a stimulus	7
90123421	Nucleoid	Building block of nucleic acid, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar, covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group	8
90123422	Plasmids	A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that carries accessort genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome; found in some eukaryotes (yeast)	9
90123423	Endospore	A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions	10
90123424	Transformation	A change in genotype/phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell	11
90123425	Transduction	A type of horizontal gene transfer in which bacteriophages (viruses) carry bacterial DNA from one host cell to another	12
90123426	Conjugation	In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells (of the same or different species) that are temporarily joined	13
90123427	F Factor	The DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient	14
90123428	F Plasmid	The plasmid form of the F factor	15
90123429	R Plasmid	A bacterial plasmid carrying genes that confer resistance to certain antibiotics	16
90123430	Photoautotroph	An organism that harnesses LIGHT energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide	17
90123431	Chemoautotroph	An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances	18
90123432	Photoheterotroph	An organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form	19
90123433	Chemoheterotroph	An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon	20
90123434	Obligate Aerobes	An organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live w/o it	21
90123435	Obligate Anaerobes	An organism that only carries out fermentation or anaerobic respiration; cannot use oxygen	22
90123436	Anaerobic Respiration	the use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains	23
90123437	Facultative Anaerobes	An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present	24
90123438	Extremophile	An organism that lives in an environment whose conditions are so extreme that few other species can survive there	25
90123439	Extreme Halophiles	An organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea	26
90123440	Extreme Thermophiles	An organism that thrives in hot environments (60-80 Celsius or hotter)	27
90123441	Methanogens	An organism that obtains energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, producing methane as a waste product	28
90123442	Decomposer	An organism that absorbs nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms and converts them to inorganic forms; a detritivore	29
90123443	Symbiosis	An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact	30
90123444	Host	The larger participant in the symbiotic relationship, serving as home and food source for the smaller symbiont	31
90123445	Symbiont	The smaller participant in the symbiotic relationship, living in or on the host	32
90123446	Mutualism	A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit	33
90123447	Commensalism	A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed	34
90123448	Parasitism	A symbiotic relationship in which one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another, the host, by living either within or on the host	35
90123449	Parasite	An organism that feeds on the cell contents, tissues, or body fluids of another species (the host) while in or on the host organism; they usually harm, but do not kill, the host	36
90123450	Pathogen	An organism/virus that causes disease	37
90123451	Exotoxin	A toxic protein that is secreted by a prokaryote or other pathogen and that produces specific symptoms, even if the pathogen is no longer present	38
90123452	Endotoxin	A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die	39
90123453	Bioremediation	The use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems	40

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AP Bio Ch. 27 (8th Edition) Flashcards

Flashcards for Ch. 27 (8th Edition)

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90123413	Peptidoglycan	A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides; encloses entire bacterium and anchors other molecules that extend from its surface	0
90123414	Gram Stain	A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell wall	1
90123415	Gram-Negative	Have a cell wall that is more structurally complex and contains LESS peptidoglycan; often more toxic	2
90123416	Gram-Positive	Have a cell wall that is less structurally complex and contains MORE peptidoglycan; often less toxic	3
90123417	Capsule	A sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces	4
90123418	Fimbria (Fimbriae)	A short, hairlike apendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cells; also known as attachment pilus	5
90123419	Sex Pilus (Sex Pili)	A structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation; also known as conjugation pilus	6
90123420	Taxis	An oriented movement toward or away from a stimulus	7
90123421	Nucleoid	Building block of nucleic acid, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar, covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group	8
90123422	Plasmids	A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that carries accessort genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome; found in some eukaryotes (yeast)	9
90123423	Endospore	A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions	10
90123424	Transformation	A change in genotype/phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell	11
90123425	Transduction	A type of horizontal gene transfer in which bacteriophages (viruses) carry bacterial DNA from one host cell to another	12
90123426	Conjugation	In prokaryotes, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells (of the same or different species) that are temporarily joined	13
90123427	F Factor	The DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient	14
90123428	F Plasmid	The plasmid form of the F factor	15
90123429	R Plasmid	A bacterial plasmid carrying genes that confer resistance to certain antibiotics	16
90123430	Photoautotroph	An organism that harnesses LIGHT energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide	17
90123431	Chemoautotroph	An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances	18
90123432	Photoheterotroph	An organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form	19
90123433	Chemoheterotroph	An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon	20
90123434	Obligate Aerobes	An organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live w/o it	21
90123435	Obligate Anaerobes	An organism that only carries out fermentation or anaerobic respiration; cannot use oxygen	22
90123436	Anaerobic Respiration	the use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains	23
90123437	Facultative Anaerobes	An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present	24
90123438	Extremophile	An organism that lives in an environment whose conditions are so extreme that few other species can survive there	25
90123439	Extreme Halophiles	An organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea	26
90123440	Extreme Thermophiles	An organism that thrives in hot environments (60-80 Celsius or hotter)	27
90123441	Methanogens	An organism that obtains energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, producing methane as a waste product	28
90123442	Decomposer	An organism that absorbs nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms and converts them to inorganic forms; a detritivore	29
90123443	Symbiosis	An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact	30
90123444	Host	The larger participant in the symbiotic relationship, serving as home and food source for the smaller symbiont	31
90123445	Symbiont	The smaller participant in the symbiotic relationship, living in or on the host	32
90123446	Mutualism	A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit	33
90123447	Commensalism	A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed	34
90123448	Parasitism	A symbiotic relationship in which one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another, the host, by living either within or on the host	35
90123449	Parasite	An organism that feeds on the cell contents, tissues, or body fluids of another species (the host) while in or on the host organism; they usually harm, but do not kill, the host	36
90123450	Pathogen	An organism/virus that causes disease	37
90123451	Exotoxin	A toxic protein that is secreted by a prokaryote or other pathogen and that produces specific symptoms, even if the pathogen is no longer present	38
90123452	Endotoxin	A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die	39
90123453	Bioremediation	The use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems	40

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Triads Flashcards

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770424761	C	C E G	0
2935072	Cm	C Eb G	1
770202424	Cdim	C Eb Gb	2
174600497	C#	C# E# G#	3
490000210	C#m	C# E G#	4
803220095	C#dim	C# E G	5
628257490	D	D F# A	6
116733002	Dm	D F A	7
116733003	Ddim	D F Ab	8
521728283	Db	Db F Ab	9
232418518	Dbm	Db Fb Ab	10
385380159	Dbdim	Db Fb Abb	11
252683820	Eb	Eb G Bb	12
190956038	Ebm	Eb Gb Bb	13
652858451	Ebdim	Eb Gb Bbb	14
68236619	E	E G# B	15
186871072	Em	E G B	16
123591228	Edim	E G Bb	17
544246323	F	F A C	18
544246324	Fm	F Ab C	19
194988256	Fdim	F Ab Cb	20
625758146	F#	F# A# C#	21
38575270	F#m	F# A C#	22
264039857	F#dim	F# A C	23
19780260	G	G B D	24
990811342	Gm	G Bb D	25
367103464	Gdim	G Bb Db	26
189300348	Ab	Ab C Eb	27
527152373	Abm	Ab Cb Eb	28
209802058	Abdim	Ab Cb Ebb	29
133592111	A	A C# E	30
566402288	Am	A C E	31
333921602	Adim	A C Eb	32
770086819	Bb	Bb D F	33
1052690817	Bbm	Bb Db F	34
528400188	Bbdim	Bb Db Fb	35
903535588	B	B D# F#	36
106539755	Bm	B D F#	37
770134268	Bdim	B D F	38

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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2375194534	What is the most common intracellular buffer?	Protein	0
2375194535	What is the most common extracellular buffer?	Bicarbonate	1
2375194536	What is a Zwitterion?	A molecule with one negative and one positive end	2
2375194537	What is the Isoelectric Point?	The pH at which there is no net charge	3
2375194538	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Glycolysis?	PFK-1	4
2375194539	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Gluconeogenesis?	Pyruvate carboxylase	5
2375194540	What is the rate limiting enzyme in the HMP shunt?	G-6PD	6
2375206063	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Glycogenesis?	Glycogen synthase	7
2375206064	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Glycogenolysis?	Glycogen phosphorylase	8
2375206065	What is the rate limiting enzyme in FA synthesis?	AcCoA carboxylase	9
2375206066	What is the rate limiting enzyme in β oxidation?	CAT-1	10
2375206067	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Cholesterol synthesis?	HMG CoA reductase	11
2375206068	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Ketogenosis?	HMG CoA S'nd1ase	12
2375206069	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Purine synthesis?	PRPP synd1ase	13
2375206070	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Pyrimidine synthesis?	Asp transcarbamoylase	14
2375229507	What is the rate limiting enzyme in TCA cycle	Isocitrate dehydrogenase?	15
2375229508	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Urea cycle?	CPS-I	16
2375229509	What is the rate limiting enzyme in Heme synthesis?	delta-ALA synthase	17
2375229510	What are the catabolic pathways that create energy?	''ABC" AcetylCoA production β-oxidation Citric acid cycle	18
2375229511	What are the anabolic pathways that store energy? MUST EDIT	"EFGH" ER fatty acid synthesis Glycolysis HMP shunt	19
2375229512	What are the anabolic + catabolic pathways?	"HUG" Heme synthesis Urea cycle Gluconeogenesis	20
2375229513	What does an Isomerase do?	Creates an isomer	21
2375229514	What does an Epimerase do?	Creates an epimer, which differs around 1 chiral carbon	22
2375229515	What does a Mutase do?	Moves sidechain from one carbon to another (intrachain)	23
2375229516	What does a Transferase do?	Moves sidechain from one substrate to another (interchain)	24
2375229517	What does a Kinase do?	Phosphorylates using ATP	25
2375229518	What does a Phosphorylase do?	Phosphorylates using Pi	26
2375229519	What does a Carboxylase do?	Forms C-C bonds (w/ ATP and biotin)	27
2375229520	What does a Synthase do?	Consumes 2 substrates	28
2375229521	What does a Synthetase do?	Consumes 2 substrates, uses ATP	29
2375229522	What does a Phosphatase do?	Breaks phosphate bond	30
2375229523	What does a Hydrolase do?	Breaks a bond with water	31
2375229524	What does a Lyase do?	Cuts C-C bonds w/ ATP	32
2375229525	What does a Dehydrogenase do?	Removes H with a cofactor	33
2375229526	What does a Thio do?	Breaks S bonds	34
2375229527	What is Diffusion?	From high to low concentration	35
2375229528	What is Active Transport?	Goes against concentration gradient	36
2375229529	What is Zero-order kinetics?	Metabolism independent of concentration	37
2375229530	What is 1st-order kinetics?	Constant drug percentage metabolism over time, depends on drug concentration	38
2375229531	What is Efficacy?	Max effect regardless of dose (lower w/ non-competitive antagonist)	39
2375229532	What effects Efficacy?	Vmax	40
2375248808	What is Potency?	amount of drug needed to produce effect (lower w/ comp antagonist)	41
2375248809	What affects Potency?	Km	42
2375248810	What is Kd?	Concentration of drug that binds 50% of receptors	43
2375248811	What is EC5o?	Concentration of drug that produces 50% of maximal response	44
2375248812	What is Competitive Inhibition?	Fights for active site, no change in Vmax, potency decreases	45
2375248813	What is Non-competitive Inhibition?	Binds a regulatory site, no change in Km, efficacy decreases, decreased Vmax	46
2405506000	What is an Endothermic Reaction	consumes heat	47
2405506001	What is an Exothermic Reaction	Gives off heat	48
2405506002	What is the Peak level	4 hrs after dose (too high=> decrease dose)	49
2405506003	What is the Trough level	2 hrs before next dose (too high => give less often)	50
2405506004	What is t1/2	Half-life, the time it takes for the body to use half of the drug ingested	51
2405506005	What is von Gierke	G-6Pase deficiency= > hypoglycemia, hepatosplenomegaly	52
2405506006	What is Pompe's	Cardiac alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency = > DIE early	53
2405506007	What is Cori's	DEbranching enzyme deficiency = > short branches of glycogen	54
2405506009	What is Anderson's	Branching enzyme deficiency = > long chains of glycogen	55
2405506010	What is McArdle's	Muscle phosphorylase deficiency = > muscle cramps w/ exercise	56
2405506011	What is Essential Fructosuria	Fructokinase deficiency => excrete fructose (still have hexokinase)	57
2405506013	What is Fructosemia	"Fructose intolerance" (Aldolase B deficiency ) →liver damage	58
2405506014	What does a Galactokinase deficiency cause	Cataracts	59
2405506015	What does Galactosemia cause	Cataracts, mental retarda tion, liver damage	60
2405506016	What does the Citrate shuttle do	FA transport out of the mitochondria	61
2405506017	What does the Carnitine shuttle do	FA transport into the mitochondria	62
2405506018	What lysosomal diseases have a cherry-red macula	Tay-Sachs, Niemann- Pick	63
2405506019	What lysosomal diseases have a Gargoyle face	Gaucher's, Hurler's	64
2405506020	What is Tay-Sachs	Hexosaminidase A deficiency=> blindness, incoordination, dementia	65
2405506022	What is Sandhoff's	Hexosaminidase A/B deficiency	66
2405506023	What is Gaucher's	Glucocerebrosidase d eficiency => wrinkled tissue MP, bone pain	67
2405506024	What is Niemann-Pick	Sphingomyelinase deficiency => zebra bodies	68
2405506025	What is Fabry's	alpha-galactosidase deficiency=> corneal clouding, attacks baby's kidneys , X-linked	69
2405506026	What is Krabbe's	beta-galactosidase deficiency=> globoid bodies	70
2405506027	What is Metachromatic Leukodystrophy	Arylsulfatase deficiency => childhood MS	71
2405506028	What is Hunter's	Iduronidase deficiency, milder form	72
2405506029	What is Hurler's	Iduronidase deficiency, worse form	73
2405506030	What is Lesch-Nyhan	(HGPRT deficiency) =>gout, neuropathy, self-mutilation	74
2405506031	What do white diaper crystals suggest	Excess orotic acid (pyrimidine synthesis pathway)	75
2405506032	What does biotin donate methyl groups for	Carboxylation	76
2405506033	What does THF donate methyl groups for	Nucleotides	77
2405506034	What does SAM donate methyl groups for	All other reactions	78
2405506035	What is the difference b/w Heterochromatin and Euchromatin	Heterochromatin = tightly coiled (30nm fibers) Euchromatin = loose ( 10nm fibers )	79
2405506036	What are the Purines	A,G	80
2405506037	What are the Pyrimidines	C,U,T	81
2405506038	What is a silent mutation	Changes leave the same amino acid	82
2405506039	What is a point mutation	Changes 1 base	83
2405506040	What is a transition	Changes 1 purine to another purine	84
2405506041	What is a transversion	Changes 1 purine to a pyrimidine	85
2405506042	What is a frameshift mutation	Insert or delete 1 -2 bases	86
2405506043	What is a missense mutation	Mistaken amino acid substitution	87
2405506044	What is a nonsense mutation	Early stop codon	88
2405506045	What does a Southern blot detect	DNA "SNOW DROP"	89
2405506046	What does a Northern blot detect	RNA "SNOW DROP"	90
2405506047	What does a Western blot detect	Protein "SNOW DROP"	91
2405506048	What are the essential amino acids	"I saw he phoned at 3:09, and met licentious argentines - Lucy, Tracy and Val" Ile His Phe Thr Met Lys Arg Leu Trp Val	92
2405506049	What are the essential fatty acids	Linolenic, Linoleic	93
2405506050	What are the acidic amino acids	Asp, Glu	94
2405506051	What are the basic amino acids	Lys, Arg	95
2405506052	What are the sulfur-containing amino acids	Cys, Met	96
2405506053	What are the 0-bond amino acids	Ser, Thr, Tyr	97
2405506054	What are the N-bond amino acids	Asp, Gln - Acidic	98
2405506055	What ate the branched amino acids	Leu, Ile, Val "I saw Lucy and Val"	99
2405506056	What are the aromatic amino acids	Phe, Tyr, Trp	100
2405506057	What is the smallest amino acid	Gly	101
2405506058	What are the ketogenic amino acids	Lys, Leu	102
2405506059	What are the glucogenic + ketogenic amino acids	PITT Phe, Iso, Thr, Trp	103
2405506060	What are the glucogenic amino acids	All the rest	104
2405506061	What amino acids does Trypsin cut	Lys, Arg - basic	105
2405506062	What amino acids does beta-ME cut	Cys, Met	106
2405506063	What amino acids does Acid Hydrolysis denature	Asp, Gln	107
2405506064	What·amino acids does Chymotrypsin cut	Phe, Tyr, Trp - aromatic	108
2405506065	What amino acid turns yellow on Nurhydrin reaction	Pro	109
2405603003	What does Carboxyptidase cut	Left of any amino acid on th e carboxyl- terminal	110
2405603004	What does Aminopeptidase cut	Right t of N terminus	111
2405603005	What does CNBr cut	Right o f Met	112
2405603006	What does Mercaptoethanol cut	Right of Cys, Met - sulfur	113
2405603007	What does Elastase cut	Right of Gly, Ala, Ser	114
2405603008	What does Trypsin cut	Arg, Lys - basic	115
2405603009	What does Chymotrypsin cut	Phe, Tyr , Trp - aromatic	116
2405603010	What does alpha1-AT do	Inhibits trypsin from getting loose	117
2405603011	What is PKU	No Phe --> Tyr (via Phe Hydroxylase) : Nutrasweet sensitivity, mental retardation , pale, blond hair, blue eyes, musty odor	118
2405603012	What is Albinism	No Tyr--> Melanin (via Tyrosinase)	119
2405603013	What is Maple Syrup Urine disease	Defective metabolism of branced aa (Leu, Iso, Val)=> aa leak out	120
2405603014	What is Homocystinuria	No Homocystine --> Cys : "COLA" stones Cystine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine	121
2405603015	What is Pellagra	Niacin deficiency: • Dermatitis, Diarrhea , Dementia , Death	122
2405603016	What is Hartnup's	No Tr p => Niacin + Serotonin • Presents like Pellagra • Can mimic corn-rich diet	123
2405603017	What causes anterior leg bowing	Neonatal syphilis	124
2405603018	What causes lateral leg bowing	Rickets	125
2405603019	What are the names of the B vitamins	"The Rich Never Lie about Panning Pyrite Filled Creeks" Vit B1 = Thiamine Vit B2 = Riboflavin Vit B3 = Niacin Vit B4, = Lipoic acid Vit B5 = Pantothenic acid Vit B6 = Pyridoxine Vit B9 = Folate Vit B12 = Cobalamin	126
2405603020	What does VitA do	Night vision , CSF production , PTH	127
2405603021	Wha t does Vit B 1 do	Dehydrogenases, transketolasc (PPP) cofactors	128
2405603022	What does Vit B 2 do	FAD cofactor	129
2405603023	What does Vit B3 do	NAD cofactor	130
2405603024	What does Vit B 4 do	Glycolysis, no known diseases	131
2405603025	What does Vit B 5 do	Part of AcetylCoA, no known diseases	132
2405603026	What does Vit B 6 do	Transaminase cofactor, myelin integrity	133
2405603027	What does Vit B 9 do	Nuclear division	134
2405603028	What does Vit B 12 do	Cofactor for HMT MMM	135
2405603029	What does Vit C do	Collagen synthesis	136
2405603030	What does Vit D do	Mineralization of bones, teeth	137
2405603031	What does Vit K do	Clotting	138
2405603032	What does Biotin do	Carboxylation	139
2405603033	What does Ca2+ do	Neuronal function, atrial depobrization, skeletal muscle depolarization	140
2405603034	What does Cu2+ do	Collagen synthesis	141
2405603035	What does Fe2+ do	Hb function, electron transport	142
2405603036	What is Bronze pigmentation	Fe deposit in skin	143
2405603037	What is Bronze cirrhosis	Fe deposit in liver	144
2405603038	What is Bronze diabetes	Fe deposit in pancreas	145
2405603039	What is Hemosiderosis	Fe overload in bone marrow	146
2405603040	What is Hemochromatosis	Fe deposit in organs	147
2405603041	What does Mg2+ do	PTH and kinase cofactor	148
2405603042	What does Zn2+ do	Taste buds, hair, sperm function	149
2405603043	What does Cr do (chromium)	Insulin function	150
2405603044	What does Mo do (molybdenum)	Purine breakdown (xanthine oxidase)	151
2405603045	What does Mn do (manganese)	Glycolysis	152
2405603046	What does Se do (selenium)	Heart function :::::> dilated cardiomyopathy	153
2405603047	What does Sn do (tin)	Hair	154
2405603048	What is Kwashiorkor	Malabsorption, big belly (ascites), protein deficiency	155
2405603049	What is Marasmus	Starvation, skinny, calorie deficiency	156
2405603050	Where does the Pre label send stuff to	ER	157
2405603051	Where does the Pro label send stuff to	Golgi	158
2405603052	Where does the Mannose-6-P send stuff to	Lysosome	159
2405603053	Where does the N-terminal sequence send stuff to	Mitochondria	160
2405603054	What are the 4 types of collagen	"SCAB" Type 1: Skin, bone Type II: Connective tissue, aqueous humor Type III: Arteries Type IV: Basement membrane	161
2405603055	How does Scleroderma present	Tight skin	162
2405603056	How does Ehlers Danlos present	Hyperstretchable skin	163
2405603057	How does Marfan's present	Hyperextensible joints, arachnodactyly, wing span longer than height, Aortic root dilatation, aortic aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse, Dislocated lens from bottom of eye -> look up	164
2405603058	How does Homocystinuria present	Dislocated lens from top -> look down	165
2405603059	How does Kinky hair disease present	Hair looks like copper wire (Cu deficiency)	166
2405603060	How does Scurvy present	Bleeding gums, bleeding hair follicles	167
2405603061	How does Takayasu arteritis present	Asian female with very weak pulse	168
2405603062	How does Osteogenesis lmperfecta present	Shattered bones, blue sclera	169