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AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

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2995399022Neolithic Revolution(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.0
2995401456DaoismPhilosophy that teaches that everything should be left to the natural order; rejects many of the Confucian ideas but coexisted with Confucianism in China1
2995403624Indo-European MigrationAryans from Europe migrated to India gradually by 500 BCE are everywhere.2
2995403625Liminala certain threshold in between or beginning stage (often in rite of passage)3
2995407280Major Greek city-statesAthens (education and culture), Sparta (warriors), Thebes (breadbasket)4
2995410366Han Dynastic issuesInternal: weak leadership and civil wars due to Mandate of Heaven argument External: outside atacks5
2995411766Mandate of HeavenA political theory developed during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in which those in power were believed to have the the right to rule from divine authority.6
2995413493Socrates(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. Was forced to drink poison to kill him7
2995413494CuneiformA system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.8
2995414649CarthageThis city has existed for nearly 3,000 years, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC into the capital of the Carthaginian Empire. The expanding Roman Republic took control of many of its outposts after the two Punic Wars.9
2995415836Divide and Rule10
2995415837Sima QianA Chinese scholar, astronomer, and historian; author of the most important history of ancient China, Historical Records11
2995417903Ashoka's PillarsTall pillars left from the time of Ashoka with written laws12
2995417904AshokaLeader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.13
2995419673Hindu Caste Systemsystem put into place by the Aryan invaders of India to supress the native people; strict social hierarchy with priest and warriors at the top and untouchables on bottom14
2995443832BrahminsPriests15
2995445126KshatriyasThe warriors, rulers, and aristocrats16
2995445127VaisyasCaste of the common people (merchants, artisans, and farmers)17
2995446357SudrasThe majority of Indian castes, peasants, artisans, manual laborers, Ranked above only pariahs18
2995446358UntouchablesThe social division in Hindu society that fell in rank below the caste system; it was occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection19
2995545403Mesopotamian GodsForces of nature (themes of chaos & conflict)20
2995545404HellenismThe diffusion of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean world after the conquest of Alexander the Great21
2995546883Struggle of the OrdersA great social conflict that developed between patricians and plebeians; the plebeians wanted real political representation and safeguards against patrician domination.22
2995546884OligarchyA government ruled by a few powerful people23
2995549716ConfucianismA philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.24
2995551362PlatoSocrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens. Allegory of the Cave25
2995551363Heiroglyphicsancient Egyptian writing system using picture symbols for ideas or sounds26
2995553237Mare nostrumthe name Romans gave to the Mediterranean Sea, meaning "our sea"27
299555323812 Tables12 laws; the earliest Roman code of laws28
2995554700OctavianPart of the second triumvirate whom the power eventually shifted to. Assumed the name Augustus Caesar, and became emperor. Was the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Pax Romana.29
2995556487Cyrus CylinderPromised religious tolerance in ancient Persian Empire created by Cyrus the Great. (6th Century BC) Set Hebrews free30
2995556488HammurabiAmorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.31
2995557445Aryansnomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system32
2995557446Egyptian GodsThe Egyptian gods cared for Egypt. They were responsible for making Egypt prosper. Anubis- Jackal-death mummification, Horus-falcon-sky, Re-falcon-sky,king of the gods, Thoth-ibis-knowledge, Hathor - woman/cow-love, Khepri-scarab-sun, sakhmet-lioness-fire,Isis-woman/cow,health-Seth-set animal-Chaos,desert, Sobek-crocodile-Nile.33
2995558722Polytheismbelief in many gods34
2995560453Shi HuangdiFounder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization.35
2995560454TheocracyA state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of a group of religious leaders.36
2995562019HinduA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms37
2995563052AristotleA Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.38
2995564462Buddhismall life is suffering suffering comes from desire we can be free from suffering by following the eight-fold path39
2995564463Paterfamiliasthe head of the family or household in Roman law -always male- and the only member to have full legal rights. This person had absolute power over his family, which extended to life and death.40
2995566188Natural RightsRights that all humans are born with and that we all inherently know41
2995566189Julius CaesarDuring a civil war the Roman Senate allowed him to become a dictator (part of first triumvirate) but he refused to give it up and the senate eventually killed him. But his name came to mean "emperor".42
2995569163LegalismIn China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime.43
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NATE Indoor Air Quality Exam Flashcards

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100609407Which of the following is known as the "silent killer"? A: Carbon dioxide B: Carbon tetrachloride C: Carbon monoxide D: MonodioxideC: Carbon monoxide0
100609408___________ ventilation is a control strategy used to maintain a high oxygen content in buildings where a healthy environment is of particular concern. A: Demand B: Outside C: Purge D: SmokeA: Demand1
100609409The most economical means of measuring the amount of oxygen deprivation in an occupied space is thru the use of: A: A carbon dioxide sensor B: A oxygen sensor C: A nitrogen sensor D: A smoke detectorA: A carbon dioxide sensor2
100609410Which of the following is the natural result of combustion? A: Carbon dioxide B: Water vapor C: Carbon monoxide D: All of the aboveD: All of the above3
100609411The most serious result of incomplete combustion in any fuel burning heating device is: A: Carbon dioxide B: Water vapor C: Carbon monoxide D: NitrogenC: Carbon monoxide4
100609412Carbon monoxide poisoning is often mistaken for: A: The flu with a headache B: Cancer C: A mild cold D: None of the aboveA: The flu with a headache5
100609413Carbon monoxide is measured in: A: Microns B: PPM C: Inches of water gage D: PercentB: PPM6
100609414Outdoor air intake dampers should be located away from: A: Busy ground level intersections B: Loading docks C: Sewer vents D: All of the aboveD: All of the above7
100609415"Infiltration" is: A: Air that enters a space without filtration or control B: Air that enters a space without filtration C: Air that leaves a building thru cracks and unchecked door seals D: None of the aboveA: Air that enters a space without filtration or control8
100609416"Off-gasing" is: A: The release of volatile compounds from products and construction materials B: Usually harmful compounds and chemicals which slowly enter living spaces over time C: Chemicals released into the air especially as the host material is heated D: All of the aboveD: All of the above9
100609417In the science of indoor air quality VOC stands for: A: Vocational Occupational Contaminants B: Volatile Occupational Contaminants C: Volatile Offgasing Contaminants D: Volatile Organic CompoundsD: Volatile Organic Compounds10
100609418Which of the following are common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning? A: Headache and nausea B: Fatigue and dizziness C: Shortness of breath D: All of the aboveD: All of the above11
100609419Nitrogen dioxide is a toxic resulting from: A: The process of combustion B: Rapid oxidation C: Both a and b are correct D: Neither a nor bC: Both a and b are correct12
100609420The quality of air indoors can often be worse than that of the outdoors. A: TRUE B: FALSEA: TRUE13
100609421"Mitigation" means: A: To alleviate B: To increase C: To take legal action D: To documentA: To alleviate14
100609422Solid particles suspended in air are measured in: A: Microns B: Parts per million C: Milligrams D: Hundredths of an inchB: Parts per million15
100609423Which of the following organizations has legal oversight over air quality in the United States? A: EPA B: ARI C: RSES D: ASHRAEA: EPA16
100609424The higher the velocity of the air thru a fiber filter the: A: More effective the filtration B: The less effective the filtration C: Air velocity had no affect on filtration D: None of the above is correctB: The less effective the filtration17
100609425At what level of indoor air carbon monoxide do most fire departments require emergency personnel to wear self contained breathing gear (SCBA)? A: 8 ppm B: 35 ppm C: 50 ppm D: 100 ppmC: 50 ppm18
100609426The function of an ERV is to: A: Exchange heat between exhaust and intake air B: Control the static pressure in the main trunk duct C: Control the supply water pressure in high-rise buildings D: Prevent the accumulation of VOCs in the fresh air intakeA: Exchange heat between exhaust and intake air Energy Recovery Ventilation19
100609427ASHRAE standard 55-1992 specifies the conditions likely to be thermally acceptable to _______ percent of adult occupants of a conditioned space. A: 50% B: 60% C: 75% D: 80%C: 75%20
100609428Indoor air quality is legally the responsibility of: A: The building owner B: The business leasing the building C: Those operating and maintaining the building D: All of the aboveD: All of the above21
100609429Clean rooms are classified according to: A: The particle count per cubic foot of air B: Microns allowed per square foot of surface area C: Parts per million allowed per cubic centimeter D: Percent of filtration at 700 fpm of linear airflowA: The particle count per cubic foot of air22
100609430HEPA stands for: A: High Efficiency Particulate Air filter B: High Efficiency and Performance Air filter C: Highly Effective Performance Air filtration D: Heating Efficiency Performance AssociationA: High Efficiency Particulate Air filter23
100609431The internal static pressure in a building should be approximately: A: 0.5 inches higher than the outside air pressure B: 0.05 inches higher than the outside air pressure C: 0.5 inches lower than the outside air pressure D: 0.05 inches lower than the outside air pressureB: 0.05 inches higher than the outside air pressure24
100609432Activated charcoal is often satisfactory for the removal of: A: Gas-phase toxic or odorous pollutants B: Particulates of .5 microns or larger C: Particulates of 12 microns or larger D: Fibrous insulation suspended in airA: Gas-phase toxic or odorous pollutants25
100609433A __________ biological safety cabinet is a gastight negative pressure containment system that provides a physical barrier between the agent and the worker. A: Class 1 B: Class 2a C: Class 2b D: Class 3D: Class 326
100609434Is refrigerant oil that has gone thru a compressor burn-out classified as a toxic waste? A: Yes, if the oil contains a substance classified by the EPA as a toxic waste B: Yes, because it contains acids C: Yes, the EPA classifies all substances that have burned as toxic waste D: No, none of the above is correctA: Yes, if the oil contains a substance classified by the EPA as a toxic waste27
100609435Three common methods used to mitigate poor indoor air quality are: A: Filtration, ventilation and exhaust B: Filtration, capture and exhaust C: Capture, removal and reduction D: Removal, reduction and retentionA: Filtration, ventilation and exhaust28
100609436A micron is: A: One 1,000th of an inch B: One 10,000th of an inch C: One 25,400th of an inch D: One millionth of an inchC: One 25,400th of an inch29
100609437Bacteria, molds, pollen, and viruses are types of: A: Chemical contaminants B: Biological contaminants C: Combustion contaminants D: Physical contaminantsB: Biological contaminants30
100609438According to the World Health Organization approximately what percentage of buildings suffers from SBS (Sick Building Syndrome)? A: 10% B: 15% C: 25% D: 30%D: 30%31
100609439A key factor in solving indoor air quality problems is to: A: Carefully measure the types and quantity of contaminants B: Locate and isolate the source of the pollution C: Ensure all occupants are aware of the problem D: Keep exact records of the actions takenB: Locate and isolate the source of the pollution32
100609440Which of the following steps would be the first step in the process of investigating an indoor air quality problem at a building? A: Conducting an IAQ survey B: Reviewing the HVAC system type and condition C: Performing a full-scale IAQ assessment D: Defining the perceived problemD: Defining the perceived problem33
100609441Physical stressors are those factors which: A: Can be sensed, felt, seen or heard B: Make the occupant uncomfortable C: May include factors the occupant is not aware of D: All of the aboveA: Can be sensed, felt, seen or heard34
100609442Sick Building Syndrome is highly suspected when: A: 20% or more of the building occupants complain with physical symptoms within a two-week period B: A high degree of occupants call in sick with symptoms of headaches, fatigue, dizziness, coughing and nausea C: A high degree of occupants find that their symptoms are alleviated by leaving the building D: All of the aboveD: All of the above35
100609443During an initial pre-investigatory building walk-thru which of the following measurements may be taken? A: Nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and tobacco smoke readings B: Volatile compounds, oxides and radon measurements C: Readings for particulate count and biological sampling D: Carbon dioxide, temperature and relative humidity readingsD: Carbon dioxide, temperature and relative humidity readings36
100609444Which of the following gases lead the list as originating from manmade materials within a building? A: Nitrous oxide B: Carbon monoxide C: Nitrogen dioxide D: FormaldehydeD: Formaldehyde37
100609445Which of the following are psychosocial factors affecting personal comfort: A: The presence of residual tobacco smoke in the building B: The presence of carbon dioxide in the air C: The amount of personal work space and quality of furnishings D: None of the aboveC: The amount of personal work space and quality of furnishings38
100609446Which of the following can affect the intensity of a person's reaction to an irritant in the air? A: Temperature B: Humidity C: Temperature and humidity D: Presence of others in the areaC: Temperature and humidity39
100609447A fairly common but not regularly recognized source of poor indoor air quality and increased dust and residue in homes is: A: The use of candles B: Synthetic carpets C: Down filled comforters D: Computer monitorsA: The use of candles40
100609448Which of the following substances has been directly attributed to as many as 20,000 cases of lung cancer in the United States? A: Radon gas B: The use of candles C: High levels of carbon dioxide D: High levels of nitrogenA: Radon gas41
100609449Concentrations of radon gas is measured in: A: Picocuries B: Microns C: Ppm D: MicrogramsA: Picocuries42
100609450Particulates are categorized in terms of: A: Size and source B: Size and density C: Density and diameter D: Size and colorA: Size and source43
100609451Excessively high concentrations of carbon dioxide in indoor air is usually an indication of: A: A lack of ventilation air B: An increased rate of infiltration air C: SBS D: Tobacco smoke in the airA: A lack of ventilation air44
100609452Which of the following IAQ problems was first discovered to have it source in HVAC cooling towers? A: Legionnella B: Poor air distribution C: Inadequate makeup air D: RadonA: Legionnella45
100609453Organic compounds are: A: Compounds which contain carbon B: Compounds which contain synthetics C: Compounds consisting of radioactive elements D: Those which can only be created in a laboratoryA: Compounds which contain carbon46
100609454A compound is: A: A material made up of two or more elements electrically bound to one another. B: A material made up of three or more elements chemically bound to one another. C: A material made up of excess electrons D: A naturally occurring elementA: A material made up of two or more elements electrically bound to one another.47
100609455TLV stands for: A: Threshold Limit Value B: Threshold Limit Vortex C: Theoretical Limit Value D: Theoretical Lowest ValueA: Threshold Limit Value48
100609456The average urban outdoor air concentration of carbon dioxide has been determined to be: A: 40 ppm B: 400 ppm C: 4,000 ppm D: 40,000 ppmA: 40 ppm49
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Multiple Choice from Colonial America to the Confederation and Constitution Flashcards

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2129201910Which of the following rights became established in the colony of New York as a result of the Zenger trial? A. freedom of worship B. freedom of the press C. Right due to process of law D. Right to petition the governmentB. Freedom of the press0
2129213798Which of these documents established the first written framework of self-government in the American colonies? A. Magna Carta B. Mayflower Compact C. English Bill of Rights D. Albany Plan of UnionB. Mayflower Compact1
2129229807What was the Great Awakening? A. A religious revival that also encouraged people to question authority. B. A famine in the South that caused many farmers to migrate to the cities. C. A policy that ended the quarreling between Catholics and Protestants. D. A treaty that created alliance between several different colonies.A. A religious revival that also encouraged people to question authority.2
2129247941Which of the following best describes how colonists reacted to the Tea Act? A. They continued to purchase tea from local merchants. B. they attacked British soldiers guarding shipments of tea. C. They boycotted and destroyed entire shipments of tea. D. They ignored the law until they began running low on tea.C. They boycotted and destroyed entire shipments of tea.3
2129263548Which of the following best describes the main message of Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"? A. Colonists should remain loyal to Britain. B. Colonists should declare independence from Britain. C. Colonists should appeal directly to the British King for peace. D. Colonists should wait to see whether Britain would grant their freedom.B. Colonists should declare independence from Britain.4
2129276422What was the order of different acts placed on the colonists? A. Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts. B. Intolerable Acts, Townshend Act, Stamp Act, Intolerable Act, Tea Act, Declaratory Act. C. Declaratory Act, Townshend Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts. D. Intolerable Acts, Tea Act, Townshend Act, Declaratory Act, Stamp Act.A. Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Act, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts.5
2129295206The French and Indian War had what effect on the colonies? A. They were succumbed to more taxes and more control of trade by the British government. B. They were relieved of Native American conflicts. C. The French were now evoked allies to the colonies which would continue into the American Revolution. D. Colonist were able to migrate west of the Appalachians.A. They were succumbed to more taxes and more control of trade by the British government.6
2129305813Who was the King of Britain at the time of the Evolutionary War? A. King George III B. King George II C. King Henry IV D. King Henry VIIIA. King George III7
2129311677Who were the minute men? A. British soldiers who were very fast shots. B. Rebel troops, ready to fight in a minute. C. Young men who reloaded guns. D. Sidewalk omelet makers.B. Rebel troops, ready to fight in a minute.8
2129326757American Tories believed that?: A. Separation from Britain was an illegal act that would ignite an unnecessary war. B. Parliament had the right to tax the colonies. C. Only independence could preserve the colonist's constitutional rights. D. The king, not parliament, was responsible for the problems facing the colonies.A. Separation from Britain was an illegal act that would ignite an unnecessary war.9
2129335379The event that PRECIPITATED the first real shooting between the British and American Colonists was? A. Colonial resistance to the Stamp Act. B. The British attempt to seize colonial supplies and leaders at Lexington and Concord. C. Boston Tea Party, D. Boston MassacreB. The British attempt to seize colonial supplies and leaders at Lexington and Concord.10
2129353117The American rebellion was especially dangerous to the British because they were also worried about? A. Possible revolts in Ireland and war with France. B. Labor unrest in British industrial cities. C. Maintaining sufficient troops in India. D. Their ability to maintain naval control of the oceans.A. Possible revolts in Ireland and war wit France.11
2129365948The most important consequence of the Boston Tea Party was? A. Repeal of the tax on tea. B. Failure of other colonies to support Boston's action. C. Opening of negotiations between Britain and Mass. D. Reopening of the Port of Boston to foreign trade. E. Enactment by Parliament of the Coercive Act.E. Enactment by Parliament of the Coercive Act.12
2129372307One accomplishment of the First Continental Congress was to? A. Enact the Declaration of Independence. B. Raise an army to resist British aggression in Mass. C. provide funds for Fort Ticonderoga. D. Secure an alliance with France. E. Petition the king to recognize the colonist's rights.B. Raise an army to resist British aggression in Mass.13
2129392224During the 1760's/70's the most effective American tactic in gaining the repeal of the Stamp/Townshend Acts was? A. Tarring and feathering British tax agents. B. Sending petitions to the king and Parliament C. Boycotting British goods. D. Destroying private property, such as tea, on which a tax to be levied. E. Using death threats to intimidate British tax agents.C. Boycotting British goods.14
2129410329The Pilgrims were also known as Separatists because they? A. Wanted to separate Plymouth from Mass. Bay Colony. B. Believed in the complete separation of church and state. C. Broke all ties with the Church of England. D. Were the first to declare independence from Great Britain E. tried to isolate the Native Americans from white settlersC. Broke all ties with the Church of England.15
2129419554In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to? A. Provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers B. Gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish-held Florida C. Make a financial profit D. Provide a refuge for persecuted Christian of all sects from all parts of Europe E. Provide a refuge for English debtors.E. Provide a refuge for English debtors.16
2129435387The Mayflower Compact could be described as? A. A detailed frame of government B. A complete constitution C. Business contract D. A foundation for self-government E. An enumeration of the causes for leaving England and coming to the New worldD. A foundation for self-government17
2129451769Who was chosen as commanding general of the Continental Army when it was founded n 1773? A. Thomas Jefferson B. George Washington C. William Smith D. John DickinsonB. George Washington18
2129462260Why was the Battle of Saratoga considered a turning point in the Revolutionary War? A. It convinced many Indians to join the American cause B. It persuaded the British to seek peace with America C. It brought Spain and France into the war as American allies D. It made it harder for Americans to recruit fresh soldiersC. It brought Spain and France into the war as American allies19
2129469608The Continental Army scored its first and much needed victory at? A. Philly, Pennsylvania B. Trenton, New Jersey C. New York City D. Albany, New YorkB. Trenton, New Jersey20
2129485316Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution? A. French military and financial assistance B. Failure of Loyalists to participate in military action C. A major American military victory at Valley Forge D. Support from the French Canadians E. The British failure to capture PhillyA. French military and financial assistance21
2129502849All of the following were true about the Declaration of Independence EXCEPT A. the Declaration was based on the philosophy of the enlightenment B. All references to George III's part in the slave trade were deleted in the final version C. By declaring independence the new nation established that the rules of war had to be observed and thus protected its soldiers D. the Declaration listed various ways in which George III had taken away the rights of the colonists E. The Declaration establishes the organization of the new nationC. By declaring independence the new nation established that the rules of war had to be observed and thus protected its soldiers22
2129521445What is a unicameral legislature? A. a lawmaking body with a single house of elected representatives B. a lawmaking body with a two houses of elected representatives C. an executive committee that preserves Britain's political traditions D. an executive committee that shares power with state governmentsA. a lawmaking body with a single house of elected representatives23
2129532819Under the Articles of Confederation, small states, such as Rhode Island, wielded as much power as large states, such as Virginia because? A. Each state had one vote in Congress B. there was no executive branch of government C. Representation was determined by a state's population D. the legislature had no lawmaking powerA. Each state had one vote in Congress24
2129764447Which of the following provided a plan for governing western lands? A. Continental Congress B. Articles of Confederation C. Land Ordinance of 1785 D. Northwest Ordinance of 1787D. Northwest Ordinance of 178725
2129770370Which proposal most resembled the Articles of Confederation? A. The Virginia plan B. The New Jersey plan C. The Great Compromise D. The Federalist papersB. The New Jersey plan26
2129778450The Federalists favored Ratification because they wanted? A. A weak executive branch B. A strong central government C. A purely democratic form of government D. A balance of power that favored state governemntsB. A strong central government27
2129787877What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create? A. A strong, centralized government B. an alliance of weak and dependent states C. A loose confederation of strong state governments D. A federal system with a bicameral legislature and a PresidentC. A loose confederation of strong state governments28
2129799668Which of the following was a tenant of the New Jersey plan? A. Rejected all principles of the Articles of confederation B. Executive committee leads the executive branch C. A bicameral legislature with equal representation regardless of population size D. States remain sovereign and had the power to veto lawsB. Executive committee leads the executive branch29
2129810166The U.S. constitution contains which provision from the Virginia plan? A. Congress can veto any state law B. The government is divided into three branches C. The President can only serve one seven year term D. The House and Senate Representation is proportional to population sizeB. The government is divided into three branches30
2129824953Which of the following describes federalism? A. State governments dominate a weak national legislature B. State and national governments share power C. A strong executive directs national policy for dependent states D. A strong national legislature gives equal voice to all citizensB. State and national governments share power31
2129832510Antifederalists criticized the Constitution as? A. Concentrating too much power in the hands of a few B. Granting too much power to the states C. Weakening the national governments be guaranteeing civil liberties D. Containing too many checks and balancesA. Concentrating too much power in the hands of a few32
2129835833Which of the following was a prominent federalist? A. Samuel Adams B. Patrick Henry C. Richard Henry Lee D. James MadisonD. James Madison33
2129841780In what year was the Constitution ratified in all 13 states? A. 1790 B. 1787 C. 1781 d. 1776A. 179034
2129849551What was the first Constitution of the U.S.? A. Bill of Rights B. Northwest Ordinance C. Articles of Confederation D. Declaration of IndependenceC. Articles of Confederation35
2129855502What important issue did the Great Compromise settle? A. Regulation of commerce B. Election of the president C. Representation in Congress D. Selection of Supreme Court justicesC. Representation in Congress36
2129872742The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was? A. It was unable to deal with the issue of western lands B. It had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states C. It had no power to establish relations with foreign governments D. The legislative branch was unable to cope with the powerful executive branchB. It had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states37
2129888064Besides GW, the most influential figures in the Constitutional Convention included? A. Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Shays, John Hancock B. Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine C. John Adams, Abigail Adams, Gouverneur Morris D. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander HamiltonD. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton38
2129952297Alexander Hamilton's argument that the government has the power to create a national bank is based on which part of the constitution? A. The Preamble B. The elastic clause C. Guarantees to the states D. Bill of RightsB. The elastic clause39
2129961003Alexander Hamilton urged Congress to pass a protective tariff to encourage the growth of A. Labor unions B. Manufacturing C. Agriculture D. SlaveryB. Manufacturing40
2129968377One factor that led to the formation of the first political parties in the U.S. in the 1790's was the conflict over the? A. distribution of power between the federal and state governments B. spread of slavery into the western territories C. Control of interstate commerce D. Acquisition of lands from France and SpainA. distribution of power between the federal and state governments41
2129984094A Major reason the Anti-federalists opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution was because it? A. Created a national bank B. Lacked a provision for federal court system C.Failed to provide direct election of members of the House of Representatives D. Changed the balance of power between the state and national governmentsD. Changed the balance of power between the state and national governments42
2129998689The Whiskey rebellion and its outcome established the fact that the federal government had the power to? A. Impose taxes B. Enforce federal laws within states C. Control interstate and foreign trade D. Modify the interpretation of the Bill of RightsB. Enforce federal laws within states43
2130005019In reaction to the war between France and Britain in 1793, President Washington issued a declaration of? A. Neutrality B. War against France C. War against Britain D. War against bothA. Neutrality44
2130027527What was one effect of Shay's rebellion? A. It demonstrated the strength of the state militias B. It raised people's fears of a strong federal government C. It revealed the many problems with interstate commerce D. It persuaded many leaders to call for a stronger federal governmentD. It persuaded many leaders to call for a stronger federal government45
2130036304What is required for an amendment to become part of the Constitution? A. Approval of the U.S. Supreme Court B. Approval of 3/4 of the U.S states C. Support of the president D. Support of 70% of U.S. citizensB. Approval of 3/4 of the U.S states46
2130049577Which part of the following is not part of the U.S "charters of freedom"? A. Constitution B. Bill of Rights C. Declaration of Independence D. Magna CartaD. Magna Carta47
2130058505Which of the following describes the purpose of the Preamble of the Constitution? A. It lists the goals of the federal government B. It defines the powers of the president and his cabinet C. It explains how the system of checks and balances works D. It declares that the government gets its power from the statesA. It lists the goals of the federal government48
2130070752Which of these newspaper headlines BEST illustrates the federal system of check and balances? A."United States sends troops to Iraq" B. "Congress Criticized for Immigration Bill" C. "President Vetoes Highway Speeding Bill" D. "State Court Declares Education Law Unconstitutional"C. "President Vetoes Highway Speeding Bill"49
2130075647According to the Constitution, which of the following has the power to declare war? A. Congress B. President C. Supreme Court D. State legislaturesA. Congress50
2130086699Most federal cases are first heard in the lower courts, beginning with the? A. U.S. district court B. U.S. Supreme Court C. U.S. Court of Appeals D. U.S. Court of federal claimsA. U.S. district court51
2130114433The elastic clause is a constitutional clause that gives Congress authority to? A. "make all laws necessary and proper " to carry out its powers B. "coin and distribute money" as needed to improve the economy C. "override a president's veto " with 2/3 majority vote D. "declare war" with consent of the president and Supreme CourtA. "make all laws necessary and proper " to carry out its powers52
2130123164Why does the president of the U.S. have the power to make treaties with foreign governments? A. President ensures laws are enforced B. President is commander in chief C. President is head of Senate D. President oversees foreign relationsD. President oversees foreign relations53
2130131468Under the Constitution , the president of the U.S. was to be elected by a majority vote of the? A. House of Representatives B. Senate C. State legislatures D. Electoral College E. General publicD. Electoral College54
2130146246The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the? A. "three -fifths" compromise B. " large state plan" C. Closing of the slave trade until 1807 D. Northwest Ordinance E. "small state planA. "three -fifths" compromise55
2130156931Which of the following Revolutionary leaders was present at the Constitutional Convention? A. John Hancock B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. Benedict Arnold E. John AdamsC. Benjamin Franklin56
2130161525The U.S. Constitution was signed in the year? A. 1775 B. 1776 C. 1779 D. 1787D. 178757
2130169862The Great Compromise finally allocated representation on the basis of? A. Population, in both houses B. Equality, in both houses C. Population in house and equally in the Senate D. Equality in the House and population in the SenateC. Population in house and equally in the Senate58
2130178803The Great Compromise was an agreement about how to? A. Ratify the Constitution B. Count slaves in determining population C. Determine a state's representation in Congress D. Divide powers between the states and central governmentC. Determine a state's representation in Congress59
2130185147Roger Sherman is credited as the originator of? A. Virginia Plan B. New Jersey Plan C. Great Compromise D. Three-fifths compromiseC. Great Compromise60
2130189523For how long did the Constitution forbid the federal government from interfering with the slave trade? A. 4 years B. 10 years C. 20 years D. 75 yearsC. 20 years61
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cambell biology chapter 10 Flashcards

for exam #3

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2427657148photorespirationA metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output0
2427657149CAMAn adaptation in photosynthesis in many succulent plants in which the stomata are closed during the day to conserve water.1
2427657150stromaA dense fluid inside a chloroplast.2
2427657151spectrophotometerAn instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by pigment solution.3
2427657152photosystemA light-capturing unit in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes.4
2427657153thylakoidsSuspended within the stroma is a membrane system made up of sacs called ____.5
2427657154cyclicA route of electron flow during the light reaction of photosynthesis that involves only photo system I and produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen.6
2427657155photonsDiscrete particles of light.7
2427657156Calvin CycleThe second major stage in photosynthesis involving fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrates8
2427657157mesophyllThe tissue in the interior of the leaf.9
2427657158photophosphorylataionThe process of generating ATP from ADP by using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane during the light reaction of photosynthesis.10
2427657159autotrophAn organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from them. They derive their energy from the sun.11
2427657160visible lightThe segment of wavelength between 380 nm to 750 nm is known as ______.12
2427657161light harvestingA complex of proteins associated with the pigment molecules that captures light energy and transfers it to reaction-center pigments in a photosystem.13
2427657162rubiscoThe enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin Cycle.14
2427657163carotenoidsAn accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and some prokaryotes. It broadens the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.15
2427657164electromagnetic spectrumThe entire range of radiation.16
2427657165chlorophyllA green pigment located in plants, algae and some protists used in photosynthesis.17
2427657166wave lengthThe distance between crests of electromagnetic waves.18
2427657167absorption spectrumA graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength.19
2427657168photosynthesisThe conversion of light energy to chemical energy that occurs in plants, algae and certain prokaryotes.20
2427657169carbon fixationThe initial incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds.21
2427657170chloroplastAn organelle found in plants and some protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to synthesize organic compounds.22
2427657171stomataMicroscopic pores in leaves by which carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits.23
2427657172heterotrophAn organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.24
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cambell biology chapter 10 Flashcards

for exam #3

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423059909photorespirationA metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output0
423059910CAMAn adaptation in photosynthesis in many succulent plants in which the stomata are closed during the day to conserve water.1
423059911stromaA dense fluid inside a chloroplast.2
423059912spectrophotometerAn instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by pigment solution.3
423059913photosystemA light-capturing unit in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes.4
423059914thylakoidsSuspended within the stroma is a membrane system made up of sacs called ____.5
423059915cyclicA route of electron flow during the light reaction of photosynthesis that involves only photo system I and produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen.6
423059916photonsDiscrete particles of light.7
423059917Calvin CycleThe second major stage in photosynthesis involving fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrates8
423059918mesophyllThe tissue in the interior of the leaf.9
423059919photophosphorylataionThe process of generating ATP from ADP by using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane during the light reaction of photosynthesis.10
423059920autotrophAn organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from them. They derive their energy from the sun.11
423059921visible lightThe segment of wavelength between 380 nm to 750 nm is known as ______.12
423059922light harvestingA complex of proteins associated with the pigment molecules that captures light energy and transfers it to reaction-center pigments in a photosystem.13
423059923rubiscoThe enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin Cycle.14
423059924carotenoidsAn accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and some prokaryotes. It broadens the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.15
423059925electromagnetic spectrumThe entire range of radiation.16
423059926chlorophyllA green pigment located in plants, algae and some protists used in photosynthesis.17
423059927wave lengthThe distance between crests of electromagnetic waves.18
423059928absorption spectrumA graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength.19
423059929photosynthesisThe conversion of light energy to chemical energy that occurs in plants, algae and certain prokaryotes.20
423059930carbon fixationThe initial incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds.21
423059931chloroplastAn organelle found in plants and some protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to synthesize organic compounds.22
423059932stomataMicroscopic pores in leaves by which carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits.23
423059933heterotrophAn organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.24
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AP Human Geography- Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture Flashcards

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489100778According to Chapter One culture includes... 3 Geographers search for where __________ of each occurvalues material artifacts political institutions distributions0
489100779Chapter 4 deals with the material artifacts of culture. What does this include? 2 What is an example of each?Daily life materials food leisure activities art1
489100780What is the difference between habit and customA habit is performed by a particular person and a custom is performed by a group. A habit has not been widely accepted but a custom has2
489100781Repetitive act that a particular person formsHabit3
489100782Repetitive act by a groupCustom4
489100783What type of culture is practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated areas?Folk Culture5
489100784What type of culture is in large heterogenous societies that share certain habits despite differences?Popular Culture6
489100785What is the difference between folk culture and popular culture?Folk is practiced by a small group. Popular culture is practiced in large societies Folk happens a small scale7
489100786What is happening to folk culture because of popular culture?Globalization has increased dominance of popular culture over folk culture. Disappearing folk culture reduces local diversity.8
489100787Social customs originate at a ________.hearth9
489100788What are 4 folk customs hearths?Originate from anonymous hearths Unknown start dates Unidentified originators May have multiple originations10
489100789What are 6 Popular customs hearths?Most often product of an MDC Especially North America , Western Europe and Japan Example include popular music and food Arise from advances in technology and leisure time Mass production often tied to increased leisure time enjoyed in MDCs11
489100790Popular culture is often a product of a ______. Particularly what three continents? What are some examples?2MDC North America, Western Europe, and Japan music and food12
489100791What are the origins of folk music? It's purpose? Consists of?tell a story or convey information natural phenomenon13
489100792What are the origins of popular music?produced for the masses technology and leisure time14
489100793Who is popular music produced for? For people who have what 2 things? What is an example? and why did it change?the masses technology and leisure time Hip Hop originally a Folk Music style but becomes a popular music style change of topics to appeal to more people changes and evolves mass production15
490035746What is folk culture? How is it created? Who practices it? What is the source of folk culture?the localized lifestyle of a subsistence or inward looking culture. handed down through oral tradition with a strong sense of community. by small homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas. anonymous.16
509872605Anything created by humans which give information about the culture of its creatorArtifact17
509872606What represents the ideas and beliefs of a culture, for example religion, language, or law? "Beliefs, values, ideas"Mentifact18
509872607What represent the social structures of a culture, such as tribes or families? Nuclear vs. Extended familySociofact19
509872608What is popular culture?: Where is it found? Who is popular customs invented and associated with? What is popular culture based on?large heterogeneous societies with societies possessing modern communication systems rapid simultaneous global connections through communication technology20
509872609What is the difference between folk and popular culture?differences between folk and popular customs are associated with levels of development21
509872610During World War II what were diffused? How is folk and popular cultures diffused today?4sports music language food technology22
509872611How many Amish are there? # How many states are they found in?250,000 19 states23
509872612When was the Amish created? Who created the Amish?1600 J. Ammann24
509872613What are the 3 cities in which Amish started?Bern, Switzerland Alsace, France Palatinate, Germany25
509872614What were the two primary reasons the Amish migrated in Europe?Religious Freedom Land Availability26
509872615What part of America did the Swiss/German groups move to? What part did the French groups move to? Why were they predicted to migrate?Pennsylvania Ohio, Illinois, Iowa the availability of inexpensive land27
509872616Where have the Amish moved to in Kentucky? Why are they moving there? Amish communities are ___________from each other but share distinctive cultural traditions Why are the Amish leaving Ohio?Christian County Todd County land is 1/5 of normal price isolated to escape tourist28
509872617Sports begin as isolated folk customs but diffuse through _____________. Contemporary diffusion of sports shows spread of __________ culture.relocation popular29
511926797What 2 things make folk society particularly responsive to the environment?Limited technology agricultural economy30
511926798Folk society includes what 3 things?Farmers hand tool animal power31
511926799Influence of the physical environment includes what you...3 These are all influenced by...3eat wear live in climate soil vegetation32
511926800What are small gardens in Istanbul called? What do they do?Bostans grow different crops at different times to maximize crop yields33
512071671_______ preferences are adapted to the environment. What is an example of this?Food In Asia rice is grown in mild wet environments whereas wheat is grown in cold dry environments34
512071672What is a behavior restricted by social custom? People avoid certain food because of what associated with that food? What is the sum effects of the local environment on a particular food item?taboo negative associations terrior35
512071673What is a reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion, function, and the physical environment? What are the 2 most common building materials? Minor differences in the _______ can produce very different house styles.Housing wood and brick environment36
512071674What is raising animals to move to new pastures called? What is moving because they need to move herds based on season?pastoralism transhumance37
512071675What are the 4 different types of housing in China?Kashgar Turpan Dunhuang Yinchuan38
512071676Isolation Promotes Cultural Diversity Unique folk customs develop through what? Folk customs can _____ _______ from one place to anotherthrough centuries of relative isolation from customs practiced by other groups vary widely39
512071677Himalayan Art: Even though the 4 cultural regions are all in the Himalayan Region they each have ________ views on the environment. What are the 4 different religions in this region? All four are relatively close but _________ keep them isolated from one anotherdistinctive Buddhist Hindus Muslim Animist mountains40
512071678Himalayan Art: What part of the Himalayas are the Buddhists in? Hindus? Muslims? Animists?North South West Southeast41
512071679Himalayan Art: What does Buddhist art portray? Hindus? Muslims? Animist?Idealized figures- some figures are scary looking reflect harsh environment daily life, deity in daily life-art reflects harsh environment no animate objects in art- do not depict harsh environment art represents religion-not local environment42
512071680Himalayan Art: What do Buddhist art and Hindus art have in common? What do Muslim art and Animist art have in common?depicts harsh environment doesn't depict harsh environment43
512071681Beliefs and Folk House Forms: Forms of ______ houses may come from religious values or customary beliefs. What are spaces called when they have a religious value?folk Sacred Space44
512071682What are 5 examples of sacred space?In Java front doors face south In Fiji/China east wall is sacred In Madagascar main door faces west and important guests enter north and are seated on north wall In Lao beds arranged perpendicular to ridgepole and children who build a home next to parents sleep with their heads pointing to parents feet. In Thailand people sleep with heads facing eat and no staircases can face west45
512071683Folk Housing: As settlers moved ______ their housing showed the distinctive _____ culture traditions You could tell where settlers were _______ or ___________from looking at their style of house.west folk from descended46
512071684What type of folk house was from the Lower Chesapeake? Name 4 characteristics of that house.Tidewater Style Steep roofs 2 chimneys southeast coastal areas brick foundations or raised on piers in wet areas47
512071685What type of folk house was from the Middle Atlantic? Name 3 characteristics of the house. Where did the style move?I house 2 stories gables most popular style in eastern US Ohio valley and Appalachia48
512071686What type of folk houses are from New England? Name 4 types. Where did they move to?Saltbox Two Chimney Cape Cod Front Gable and Wing moved westward to the great lakes49
512071687What 3 places does popular culture flourish? People in MDCs have the ________+_________+__________=popular culturewhere people have sufficient income sufficient leisure time acquire the elements of and make use of popular culture money time inclination50
512071688Spatial distribution of wine shows what? 3that environment, food customs, and cultural elements play a role in distribution51
512071689In MDCs clothing often reflects what 2 things? Name example of each.Occupation lawyers factory workers Income fashion, functionality52
512071690What is it called when more people dress the same worldwide less cultural uniqueness?globalization53
512071691Popular Housing Folk housing is based on ________. Popular housing is based on _______. What are the 2 eras of popular housing? When did they happen?function fashion Modern 1945-1960 Neo-Eclectic post 196054
512071692What era is the Minimal Traditional in? Name 4 characteristics of it.Modern late 1940s and 1950s simliar to Tudor style one story modest/few details55
513364424What era is the Ranch in? Name 5 characteristics of it.modern Replaced minimal traditional in 1950s one story long side parallel to street larger lot size needed garage56
513364425What era is the split level in? Name 5 characteristics of it.Modern 1950s-1970s variant of ranch lower level consisted of family room living areas lower level bedrooms upper level57
513364426What era is the Contemporary in? Name 3 characteristics of it.Modern 1950s to 1970s architect designed flat or pitched roofs58
513364427What era is the Shed in? Name 3 characteristics of it.Modern popular in late 1960s high pitched shed roofs appearance of geometric forms59
513364428Name 2 characteristics of the Neo-Eclectic era.Began in late 1960s surpassed modern style homes in 1970s60
513364429What era is the Mansard in? Name 3 characteristics of it.Neo Eclectic 1st popular neo eclectic style shingled covered 2nd story walls sloped inward and merged with roofline61
513364430What era is the Neo-Tudor in? Name 3 characteristics of it.Neo Eclectic 1970s dominant steep pitched front facing gables half timbered detail62
513364431What era is the Neo-French in? Name 3 characteristics of it.Neo Eclectic late 70s early 80s dormer windows with rounded tops high hipped roofs63
513364432What era is the Neo Colonial in? Name 3 characteristics of it.Neo Eclectic Adaptation of English colonial houses continuously popular since 1950s but never dominant large great room replaces family room64
513364433What are 2 reasons why television is significant in popular culture?most popular leisure time most common method of diffusing popular culture65
513364434TV developed simultaneously in what 6 countries?UK France Germany Japan Soviet Union US66
513364435Diffusion of TV: In the early years almost all broadcasting originated where? In _____, US had __% of world's 37 million TV. ___ TV sets per 1000 people in US. In _____, US had more TVs per capita than everyone except who? In _____, All ________ equal with ____s, What rate was increasing?US 1954 86% 200 1970 Canada 2005 MDCs LDCs ownership rate67
513364436Diffusion of Internet: Same pattern as TV but what? In ______, __ million users worldwide; 23 million in US. In ______, US usage went up from _% to __% in 2000. Total users increased to what? In ______, world usage went up to ___ billion. & US usage was at 74%.much faster rate 1995 40 2000 9 44 361 million 2008 1.668
513364437Diffusion of Facebook. Name 4 facts about it.founded in 2004 2009- 200 million users US leads in usage becoming a leading agent of diffusion69
513364438Popular Culture-Threat to Folk Culture: As incomes rise in LDCs people become more likely to purchase what? Loss of folk culture is seen as the 1st step to losing what? If popular culture generally originates in Western MDCs then an adoption of this culture leads to a dominance of what?popular culture items societies traditional values western perspectives70
513364439Loss of Traditional Values Change from traditional material culture to popular material culture is the precursor to what? Why would a leader in an LDC wear a business suit?3adoption of different values power good relations with the west leader could be viewed as sell out71
513364440Clothing and Women: Popular cultural clothing might threaten the culture of what? Common in ______ culture. The contact with popular culture has had some negative effects like what?subservience of women to men folk prostitution72
513364441Threat of Foreign Media Influence: LDC leadership might see a dominance of _______ _________ as a threat to their leadership.popular culture73
513364442Western Control of Media: What 3 MDCs dominate TV industry in LDCs? Who do they dominate? American TV presents American beliefs and social forms: including 4US dominates Latin America UK dominates Africa Japan dominates South Asia and East Asia upward social mobility freedom of women glorification of youth stylized violence74
513746444What are 2 examples of sanitizing TV? In countries where sanitizing TV is popular what 4 things do they emphasize and avoid?In Asia there is no MTV or censor objectionable video In the Middle East there is no porky pig emphasizes family values and avoids controversial cultural, economic, and political issues75
513746445Media/News Ownership Who owns US TV stations? How do they make profit Who owns TV stations in LDCs? Government ownership means government control of what? Which would do what? In many LDC countries what is the only reliable news?privately owned and government licensed advertisements government information censored biased unreliable information British Broadcasting Cooperation76
513746446Lack of Sufficient Funds and Media/News Outlets No money= no what? LDCs must do what because of this? What are the two places LDCs buy their news? How do LDC countries feel about these media outlets? Why do they feel this way?no private ownership of media buy media Associated Press Reuters do not provide accurate fair balanced views of LDCs focus on bad77
513746447Technology and Diffusion of Media/News 50 years ago LDCs were not concerned about the outside influence of media/news outlets...why? How has technology changed this? How do governments prevent this? What are 3 examples of countries?limited distance of television signals satellites and internet governments may ban or limit satellites China Singapore Saudi Arabia78
513746448What forms of communication technology threaten government control of media? Often governments are forced to set what? This means they can what? & that leads to what?All controls on media accessibility to control the flow of information can control info to increased resistance of population79
513746449What culture is less likely to be influenced by the environment? What culture leads to a uniformity of landscape?popular popular80
513746450What does popular culture do to the environment? It can be _______ rather than springing forth from it.modify or control the environment imposed81
513746451What is the loss of uniqueness in a cultural landscape- one place looks like the next called?placelessness82
513908622Uniform Landscapes The distribution of popular culture around the world tends to produce more what? In fact, promoters of popular culture want a uniform culture appearance to what? The diffusion of what is a good example of uniformity? The success of fast food restaurants depends on what?uniform landscapes generate product recognition and greater consumption fast food restaurants large scale mobility83
513908623Uniformity Uniformity in the appearance of the landscape is promoted by a wide variety of what? These structures are designed so that both local residents and visitors what? Diffusion of popular culture across earth is _____________ to products that originate in North America. What is an example of this?other popular structures immediately recognize the purpose of the building not confined Japanese automobiles and electronics84
513908624Environmental Problems with Cultural Globalization What are the two problems with popular culture is creating?Accelerated resource use through accelerated consumption pollution85
513908625Environmental Problems with Cultural Globalization Diffusion of some popular customs increases demand for what? Increased demand for some products can strain the capacity of what? With a large percentage of the worlds population undernourished, some question what? ____ lbs of _______ for 2.2 lbs of beefraw materials of the environment inefficient use of grain to feed animals for eventual human consumption 22 grain86
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Enduring Vision Chapter Three Flashcards

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1144902722A Model of Christian CharityThis spelled out the Massachusetts Bay colony's social and political ideals. It declared that Massachusetts "shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us." The settlers would build a harmonious, godly community in which individuals would subordinate their personal interests to a higher purpose. The result would be an example for all the world and would particularly inspire England to live up to its role as God's "elect nation".0
1144902723Act for Religious TolerationPassed in 1649, it affirmed religious toleration in Maryland. It was also know as the Toleration Act.1
1144902724Anne HutchinsonA member of the Boston congregation who publicly criticized the clergy for judging prospective church members on the basis of "good works" — the Catholic standard for salvation that Protestants had criticized since Reformation.2
1144902725beaver warsSeries of conflicts among the members of the Iroquois nation in a quest for pelts and captives who could be adopted into Iroquois families to replace the dead.3
1144902726John WinthropGovernor of Massachusetts Bay colony who wrote "A Model of Christian Charity".4
1144902727King Philip's WarWar in 1675 between the Wampanoags and the Plymouth colonists, which was ignited by the hanging of three Wampanoags for killing a Christian Indian.5
1144902728Lord BaltimoreCatholic nobleman who received a proprietary grant from Charles I for a large tract of land north of the Potomac River and east of the Chesapeake Bay.6
1144902729New England WayA set of official policies set by Puritan ministers to maintain order in the colony.7
1144902730patronsThe Dutch name for manor lords.8
1144902731Pequot WarWar in 1637 between the colonists of Connecticut and the Pequot Indians. The colonists won, and they took over the Pequots' land.9
1144902732proprietary colonyA type of colony that is administered by proprietors, usually one or two English elites.10
1144902733Pueblo RevoltThe most successful Indian uprising in American history. Taos and Apache Indians attacked the homes of 70 Spanish colonists and killed all but two.11
1144902734QuakersA religious sect that appealed strongly to men and women at the bottom of the economic ladder. They believed that the Holy Spirit or the "Inner Light" could inspire every soul. Mainstream Christians, by contrast, found any such claim of direct, personal communication to God highly dangerous.12
1144902735RestorationPeriod when the English monarchy was restored after Oliver Cromwell's death and Charles II was crowned.13
1144902736Robert Cavelier de la SalleAn ambitious upper-class adventurer who descended the entire Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. When he reached the delta, La Salle formally claimed the entire Mississippi basin for Louis XIV, in whose honor he named the territory of Louisiana.14
1144902737Roger WilliamsA minister who advocated complete separation of church and state and religious toleration.15
1144902738royal colonyA type of colony that is administered by a crown-appointed governor, who would appoint and dismiss leading gentlemen in the colony to an advisory council.16
1144902739William PennThe proprietor of the last unallocated tract of American territory at the king's disposal.17
1144902740conversion relationPart of the Massachusetts Puritans practice, it was a requirement of new members. The Relation required that any member of the congregation must go through an examination before the congregation. Because of its unpleasantness, later generations did not go accept it and the half-way covenant was adopted.18
1144902741Massachusetts General CourtA small number of shareholders in the company who held the power bestowed upon them by the original charter of 1629. this would expand into the General Court we know today which meets at Beacon Hill in Massachusetts19
1144902742New England town meetingFocus of NE politics. Allowed all adult males in communities to participate in governing. New England system would not work well in cities with large populations.20
1144902743Charles IKing of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which he was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 164921
1144902744Oliver CromwellEnglish military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.22
1144902745Stuart Restorationreestablishment of monarchy in the person of Charles II, the son of Charles I, after Cromwell's death. It temporarily ended England's troubles. King Charles II was restored to the throne.23
1144902746Halfway CovenantA Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.24
1144902747"praying towns," "praying Indians"Mass Tribe Indians willing to try Christianity; established by the society of propagation of the gospel in new England25
1144902748King Philip's War1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.26
1144902749indentured servantsColonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years27
1144902750Virginia House of Burgesses and Governor's Councilestablished in 1619 by Jamestown. Was Americas first elected legislature.28
1144902751Maryland Act for Religious TolerationThe Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians. Passed on April 21, 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland colony, it was the second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created the first legal limitations on hate speech in the world.29
1144902752Bacon's Rebellion1676 Virginian rebellion of frontiersmen (wretched bachelors) sparked by governor Berkeley's refusal to retaliate for a series of brutal Indian attacks on frontier settlements; killed Indians, chased Berkeley from Jamestown, and set fire to Jamestown; plundering and pilfering; crushed by Berkeley with cruelty of haging over twenty rebels; rebellion ignited resentments of landless former servants and pitted the frontiersmen against the gentry of the plantations; caused gentry to seek out African slaves30
1144902753Anthony Ashley Cooper and John LockeIn 1669 convinced propriotors to invest their own money into their colony. Went to Barbados to pick up some recruits. Wrote the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina.31
1144902754Peter StuyvesantA Dutch General; He led a small military expedition in 1664. He was known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English. He was governor of New Netherlands32
1144902755William Penn and the QuakersSettled in Pennsylvania, believed the "Inner Light" could speak through any person and ran religious services without ministers. Quakers were very pious group of religious dissenters in England, that emerged during the mid-1600's. They refused to support the Church of England with taxes.In England, Quakers were looked down upon, often jailed and fined. William Penn, in 1681, was able to get a grant of fertile land in the new world. The King owed Penn's Father a debt, so he named the place Pennsylvania (meaning Penn's Woodland) in his honor. Pennsylvania eventually became a haven for several different ethnic groups, especially religious misfits that were treated harshly in the other colonies. They even kept great relations with the native-Americans nearby33
1144902756coureurs de bois(runners of the woods) French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America.34
1144902757Pope and the Pueblo Revolt (1680)One of the pueblo religious leaders that was jailed. Began planning a rebellion, the Pueblo Revolt. The Pueblo attacked and the Spanish survivors were forced to flee New Mexico35
1144902758Third Anglo-Powhatan War(1644-1646) led by Opechancanough, killed five hundred of the colony's 8000 whites. Agreed to remain in boundaries set by English Government36
1144902759patroonsLandowners in the Dutch Colonies who ruled like a king over large areas of land.37
1144902760"New England Way"The Puritan dominance of New England and their desire to create a utopian society based on their doctrine created a distinct society in New England. Unlike other colonies, Puritans were guided by their religion and created a government and society tied to the church.38
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American pageant chapter 12 Flashcards

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1876800656Oliver Hazard PerryAmerican navel officer who managed to build a fleet of ships on the coast of Lake Erie0
1876801335Thomas MacdonoughNaval officer during the war of 1812, he commanded a fleet that challenged the British at Plattsburgh1
1876868097William Henry HarrisonBecame a national hero after he defeated Tecumseh and the Shawnee Indians in present day Indiana2
1876801919Francis Scott KeyAmerican lawyer, author, and amateur poet from Georgetown, wrote the lyrics to the U.S. National anthem3
1876873369Washington IrvingFirst American to win international recognition as a literary figure after his victory4
1876802268Andrew JacksonPlaced in charge of protecting the Mississippi Valley with Gaunt, He became a war hero/famous figure after his victory at New Orleans5
1876891088James Enmore CooperAmerican novelist who is best known for novels about the frontier, wrote last of the Mohicans6
1876806541John marshallChief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801-1835; presided over cases such as Marbury v.s. Madison7
1876807567John C. CalhounVice presidential candidate for both Adams and Jackson. Wrote a pamphlet called "the South Carolina exposition"8
1876808244John Quincy AdamsSecretary of State, he served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819 he drew up the Adam-onis treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claim on Texas9
1876808969Daniel WebsterSenator from Massachusetts and the most powerful speaker of his time who was involved in the Webster-Hayne debate10
1876809287Henry clayWar hawk, speaker of the house, Great Compromise between free and slave states11
1876809881NationalismLove of country and willingness to sacrifice for it12
1876810864Peculiar institutionWidely used term for the institution of American slavery in the South. Its use in the first half of the 19th century reflected a growing division between the North, Where slavery was gradually abolished, and the south, where slavery became increasingly entrenched. Southern euphemism for slavery13
1876811500SectionalismAn idea of dividing the country into sections based on two different economic developments14
1876812702Non colonizationPrinciple of the Monroe doctrine that stated the Americans should undergo to further colonization by European powers15
1876813212Non-interventionA foreign policy of staying out of other countries disputes16
1876814463IsolationismA policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other countries.17
1876817475Ohio feverEuropean Immigrants bought large amounts of cheap west American land18
1876818614Second bank of the United states"Revised" bank of US; voted by congress in 181619
1876820105McCulloch v. MarylandMaryland taxed the bank of the United States, claiming that the bank was unconstitutional. Marshall used implied powers and decided that the bank was constitutional and ruled that Maryland couldn't tax the bank20
1876820907Tariff of 1816First protective tariff in American history, created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812. Instituted primarily for protection and not revenue21
1876821994Cohens v. Virginia(1821) case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government The Cohens brothers found guilty by the Virginia courts of illega22
1876822442American system(1820s) Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network.23
1876823580Gibbons v. OgdenSuit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. The ruling reasserted that congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce.24
1876825639Fletcher v. Peck(1810) States cannot "impair" contracts and the Supreme Court can invalidate state laws. established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal Constitution25
1876827061Dartmouth College v. Woodward(1819) Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth university's original charter Against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, thereby protecting corporations from domination by state governments. Marshall ruled that Dartmouth college's charter that had been granted by King George was to be upheld because it was a contract. It set a precedent for protecting businesses from state governments. It is an example of federal law surpassing state law26
1876827694Era of Good Feelings(1816-1824) popular name for the period of one-party, republican, rule during James Monroe's presidency. The term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery, and the national bank because there was a lot of economic growth, strong nationalism and territorial expansion; made Federalist Party dissolve after 181227
1876828473Panic of 1819First national financial panic since president Washington took office. Brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failure, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded pesthouses known as debtors' prisons. The west was especially hit hard.28
1876830405Battle of the ThamesU.S. Victory over British and Indian forces in Ontario, Canada enabling the U.S. to consolidate its control over the Northwest29
1876830934Land Act of 1820Fueled the settlement of the northwest and Missouri by lowering the price of public land. Prohibited the purchase of federal acreage on credit30
1876831630Monroe DoctrineStatement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas.31
1876832523Tallmadge amendmentStated that no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and also provided for the gradual emancipation of children born to slavery parents already there32
1876834128Russo-American Treaty of 1804Fixed southern limits at the line of 54 degrees 40 minutes33
1887141083"Tippecano"Nickname given to William Henry Harrison after the Battle of Tippecano, where he became a hero after its victory; used as a slogan for political campaign with Tyler34
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American Pageant Chapter 12 Flashcards

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999041238All of the following were true of the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812:a. They were ill-trained and ill-disciplined. b. They were widely scattered. c. Most of the generals were leftovers from the Revolutionary War and lacked vigor and vision. d. There was no burning national anger to unite them0
999041239When the United States entered the War of 1812...it was militarily unprepared1
999041240Why did Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812?because British forces were weakest there.2
999041241The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as...much better than that of the army3
999041242Why was America's campaign against Canada in the War of 1812 poorly conceived?because it split-up the military4
999041243What was perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812?the Battle of Plattsburgh, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution5
999041244British plans for their 1814 campaign did not include what?action in Florida6
999041245What inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner"?The British attack on Fort McHenry7
999041246The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place where?at the Battle of New Orleans8
999041247The Battle of New Orleans saw British troops defeated by whom?Andrew Jackson's soldiers9
999041248What resulted after the Battle of New Orleans?nationalism and self confidence10
999041249What was one result of the American naval victories during the War of 1812?a British naval blockade of the American coast11
999041250At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons:a. Reverses in upper New York b. A loss at Baltimore c. Increasing war weariness in Britain d. Concern about the still dangerous France12
999521983The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included...a call for a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared.13
999521987The resolutions from the Hartford convention helped to cause...the death of the Federalist Party14
999521989From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was...of little importance15
999521990In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812 bred...greater American independence16
999521991What was the outcome of the War of 1812?a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States17
999521992Where did the Rush-Bagot agreement limit naval armaments?on the Great Lakes18
999521994After the War of 1812, Europe returned to...conservativism, illiberalism, and reaction19
999521995What was one of the most important by-products of the War of 1812?a heightened spirit of nationalism20
999521997Who was one of the nationally recognized American authors in the 1820s?Washington Irving21
999521999Post-War 1812 nationalism could be seen in all of the following:a. The way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes. b. The building of a more handsome national capital. c. An expanded army and navy. d. Development of a national literature.22
999522001At the end of the War of 1812, British manufacturers began...dumping their goods in America at extremely low prices23
999522003The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history that did what?aimed to protect American industry24
999522004Henry Clay's call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from whom?the West25
999522006Why did New England oppose the American System's federally constructed roads?because they would drain away needed population to the West26
999522008Why did Democratic-Republicans oppose Henry Clay's American System?because they believed that it was unconstitutional27
999522009Why was The Era of Good Feelings was a misnomer?because the period was a troubled one28
999522010With the demise of the Federalist Party, the Democratic-Republicans...established one-party rule29
999522015The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following:a. Unemployment b. Bank failures c. Debtor's prisons d. Bankruptcies30
999522021What was one of the major causes of the panic of 1819?overspeculation in frontier lands31
999522023The western land boom resulted from all of the following:a. It was a continuation of the old westward movement. b. Land exhaustion in older tobacco states c. Speculators accepted small down payments. d. The frontier was pacified with the defeat of the Indians.32
999522024One of the demands made by the West to help it to grow was...cheap money33
999522025When the House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment in response to Missouri's request for admission to the Union, the South thought...that the amendment would threaten the sectional balance34
999522027What was the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory?Missouri35
999522028As a result of the Missouri Compromise...slavery was banned north of 36-30 in the Louisiana Purchase territory.36
999522030All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise:a. Extremists in both the North and South were not satisfied. b. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state. c. Maine entered the Union as a free state. d. The balance between the North and South was kept even.37
999535379In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall favored..."loose construction."38
999522031What was John Marshall's famous legal dictum that he uttered in McCulloch v. Maryland?"the power to tax involves the power to destroy"39
999522032In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings...limited the extent of states' rights.40
999522035People moved into the Old Northwest for all of the following reasons:a. Better transportation b. The Indian threat was gone c. To achieve better social position d. To get their own democratic community41
999522036Settlers from the South who moved into the Old Northwest territory were...known as Butternuts42
999522037When moving to the Old Northwest, settlers from the North wanted to do all of the following:a. tame the land b. tame the people c. build canals d. build roads43
999522038John Marshall's rulings upheld a defense of property rights against...public pressure in Fletcher v. Peck44
999522039The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was...John Quincy Adams45
999522040The Treaty of 1818 with England called for a ten-year joint occupation of...the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects.46
999522041Andrew Jackson's military exploits were instrumental in the United States...gaining possession of Florida from the Spanish.47
999522042Spain sold Florida to the United States because...it could not defend the area and would lose it in any case.48
999522043Britain opposed Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted because...the ports of these nations were now open to lucrative trade with Britain49
999522044The doctrine of non-colonization in the Monroe Doctrine was a response to..the apparent designs of the Russians in Alaska and Oregon50
999522045At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was...incapable of being enforced by the United States.51
999522046Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as...unconcerned or unimpressed52
999522047The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 fixed...the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at 54/40.53
999522048The Monroe Doctrine was an expression of the illusion of...deepening American isolationism from world affairs.54
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