| 1900455233 | By the late 1780s, dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation included a belief that the national government
A. had grown too powerful.
B. was too closely tied to England.
C. was pushing America into another war with England.
D. was ineffective.
E. had sold too much western land to speculators. | was ineffective. | | 0 |
| 1900455234 | In 1786, Alexander Hamilton found an important ally in his push for a stronger central government in
A. Thomas Jefferson.
B. James Madison.
C. George Washington.
D. Benjamin Franklin.
E. Thomas Paine. | James Madison | | 1 |
| 1900455235 | Which event, more than any other, convinced George Washington that the Articles of Confederation needed to be revised?
A. the Spanish threat to take New Orleans
B. the British refusal to evacuate the forts of the Northwest
C. Shays's Rebellion
D. the Whiskey Rebellion
E. the Battle of Fallen Timbers | Shays's Rebellion | | 2 |
| 1900455236 | At the start of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 the delegates agreed that
A. their proceeding would be open to the public.
B. states would have proportional voting based on each state's population.
C. the country needed a stronger central government.
D. slavery should have to be preserved within the United States.
E. the country needed a stronger army to prevent further popular uprisings. | the country needed a stronger central government. | | 3 |
| 1900455237 | The Virginia Plan called for
A. retaining the Articles of Confederation with the addition of a national executive.
B. a two-tier national legislature.
C. combining the three smallest states into one large state.
D. a Senate in which each state would have two members.
E. an end to the slave trade and gradual emancipation | a two-tier national legislature. | | 4 |
| 1900455238 | The Constitutional Convention of 1787 came close to
A. abolishing slavery.
B. granting citizenship to slaves.
C. granting suffrage for free black males.
D. abolishing slavery and granting citizenship to slaves.
E. None of these answers is correct. | None of these answers is correct. | | 5 |
| 1900455239 | The achievement of the "Great Compromise" of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was its resolution
of the problem regarding
A. women and voting.
B the definition of citizenship.
C. political representation.
D. states versus federal authority.
E. expansion of slavery into the territories. | political representation. | | 6 |
| 1900455240 | In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, for the purpose of political representation, slaves were
classified as
A. three-fifths of a free person.
B. non-taxable.
C. property.
D. children.
E. citizens. | three-fifths of a free person. | | 7 |
| 1900455241 | In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major concession to the pro-slavery delegates was the
A. agreement that half of all future states would allow slavery.
B. strengthened fugitive slave provision.
C. continuation of the slave trade for twenty years.
D. guarantee of the permanent continuation of slavery where it existed.
E. denial of suffrage to free black men. | strengthened fugitive slave provision. | | 8 |
| 1900455242 | At the Philadelphia convention, James Madison argued that the ultimate authority of the federal
government came from the
A. individual states.
B. people.
C. Congress.
D. Constitution.
E. rule of law. | People | | 9 |
| 1900455243 | Under the Constitution of 1787, the people would directly elect
A. members of the House of Representatives.
B. members of the Senate.
C. the president.
D. federal judges.
E. All these answers are correct. | members of the House of Representatives. | | 10 |
| 1900455244 | In the debate over the Constitution of 1787, Antifederalist opponents to the document
A. were better organized.
B. had the support of George Washington.
C. feared that poorly educated men would be elected to prominent political offices.
D. believed the new government was not strong enough to maintain order.
E. argued that the Constitution would weaken the states. | argued that the Constitution would weaken the states. | | 11 |
| 1900455245 | Who among the following was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers?
A. George Washington
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. George Mason
E. Samuel Adams | Thomas Jefferson | | 12 |
| 1900455246 | The "Antifederalists"
A. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution.
B. feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers.
C. feared that the government too much favored common people over the "well-born."
D. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new
government would widely abuse its powers.
E. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the
government too much favored common people over the "well-born." | saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new
government would widely abuse its powers. | | 13 |
| 1900455247 | The greatest complaint by opponents of the proposed Constitution of 1787 was the
A. absence of a specific listing of personal liberties.
B. omission of references to God.
C. creation of a federal military.
D. naming of the new federal district after Washington.
E. failure to abolish slavery. | absence of a specific listing of personal liberties. | | 14 |
| 1900455248 | Virginia and New York ratified the Constitution of 1787 under the assumption that
A. a provision would be added allowing for the direct election of presidents.
B. Thomas Jefferson would become the first president.
C. there would be a ban on the importation of slaves.
D. a bill of rights would be added later in the form of amendments.
E. it would not be ratified by enough other states to become binding. | a bill of rights would be added later in the form of amendments. | | 15 |
| 1900455249 | Nine of the first ten amendments to the Constitution placed limits on the
A. states.
B. new government.
C. rights of individuals.
D. courts.
E. presidential cabinet | new government | | 16 |
| 1900455250 | In the 1790s, those who were labeled Republicans envisioned developing a nation that would
A. be highly commercial and urban.
B. be largely agricultural and rural.
C. be a leading world power.
D. eventually control most of North America.
E. eventually grant political rights to women and minorities as well as white men. | be largely agricultural and rural. | | 17 |
| 1900455251 | As president, George Washington
A. had never envisioned a strong central government.
B. considered it his duty to resolve political controversies.
C. sought to dominate national politics.
D. grew concerned that the federal government was gaining too much power.
E. avoided personal involvement with the deliberations of Congress | avoided personal involvement with the deliberations of Congress | | 18 |
| 1900455252 | The dominant figure of George Washington's administration was
A. George Washington.
B. Thomas Jefferson.
C. Henry Knox.
D. Alexander Hamilton.
E. Aaron Burr. | Alexander Hamilton | | 19 |
| 1900455253 | As Treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton
A. wanted to eliminate the national debt.
B. opposed the federal government's assumption of state debts.
C. supported the creation of a national bank.
D. encouraged the federal government to focus on the needs of the independent farmer.
All these answers are correct | supported the creation of a national bank. | | 20 |
| 1900455254 | Alexander Hamilton's funding plan
A. was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired.
B. was supported by James Madison.
C. was rejected by Congress.
D. called for paying all bondholders only a fraction of the value of the bonds.
called for dividing bonds between their original purchasers and speculators. | was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired | | 21 |
| 1900455255 | Opponents of Alexander Hamilton's proposed national bank argued
A. Congress had no authority to create a national bank.
B. a national bank would lead to currency inflation.
C. a national bank would lead to rampant speculation.
D. Congress had no authority to create a national bank, and a national bank would lead to currency
inflation.
E. a national bank would lead to currency inflation and rampant speculation | Congress had no authority to create a national bank. | | 22 |
| 1900455256 | The most sustained opposition to Alexander Hamilton's economic program came from
A. creditors.
B. manufacturers.
C. urban wealthy.
D. Federalists.
E. small farmers. | small farmers. | | 23 |
| 1900455257 | The emergence of an alternative political organization to the Federalists was prompted by a
A. dispute over President Washington's policies for westward expansion.
B. fear that the Federalists were attempting to end free elections.
C. belief that the power of the central government needed to be restrained.
D. a growing debate over the national bank.
E. fear that George Washington would try to run for a third term. | belief that the power of the central government needed to be restrained. | | 24 |
| 1900455258 | The two preeminent Republicans of the 1790s were
A. Alexander Hamilton and James Monroe.
B. John Adams and James Madison.
C. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
D. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
E. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. | Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. | | 25 |
| 1900455259 | In America, the French Revolution was generally praised by
A. Federalists.
B. Republicans.
C. Federalists and Republicans.
D. Indians and slaves.
E. no one. | Republicans. | | 26 |
| 1900455260 | The Whiskey Rebellion of 1 794 saw
A. the federal government conduct itself much as it did during Shays's Rebellion.
B. violent clashes between urban merchants and American troops.
C. a briefly successful move by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union.
D. a failed attempt by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union.
E. President Washington accompany thousands of troops into the field. | President Washington accompany thousands of troops into the field. | | 27 |
| 1900455261 | In reference to Indians living in the United States, the Constitution
A. made no mention of Indian nations.
B. stated Indian tribes were entitled to direct representation in the federal government.
C. required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation.
D. declared Congress had no legal right to regulate commerce with Indian tribes.
E. had defined a precise legal standing for Indians and Indian nations. | required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation. | | 28 |
| 1900455262 | Pinckney's Treaty (1795) was negotiated between the United States and
A. Great Britain.
B. France.
C. Spain.
D. the Netherlands.
E. the'Iroquois Confederacy. | Spain. | | 29 |
| 1900455263 | Pinckney's Treaty (1795) gave the United States
A. the right to navigate the Mississippi River to its mouth.
B. the freedom to use the port at New Orleans.
C. a desired fixed northern boundary of Florida.
assurances that Indians in D.Florida would be prevented from launching northern raids.
E. All these answers are correct. | E. All these answers are correct. | | 30 |
| 1900455264 | A. a Federalist president and a Republican vice-president take office.
B. the Republicans win the presidency for the first time.
C. the House of Representatives determine the presidential victor.
the Federalists reach their height of power and unity.
John Adams become president on the Republican ticket. | a Federalist president and a Republican vice-president take office. | | 31 |
| 1900455265 | The "XYZ Affair"
A. involved foreign interference in an American presidential election.
B. involved secret foreign treaties with nearby Indian nations.
C. increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain.
D. was prompted by a feud between John Adams and Alexander Hamilton.
E. led to an undeclared war between the United States and France. | led to an undeclared war between the United States and France. | | 32 |
| 1900455266 | In the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it was asserted that
A. the Republicans had betrayed the spirit of the Constitution. vT^/the federal government had the right to void state laws.
C. the Supreme Court had no constitutional authority to invalidate federal laws.
D. the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was unjust.
E. states had the right to nullify federal laws. | states had the right to nullify federal laws. | | 33 |
| 1900455267 | In the late 1790s, on the political scene,
A. the United States was deeply and bitterly divided.
B. the republican form of government had won over most skeptics.
C. the power of the Republicans was declining.
D. the United States had developed a clear two-party system.
E. there was considerable agreement over most important foreign policy questions | the United States was deeply and bitterly divided. | | 34 |
| 1900455268 | The presidential campaign in 1800
A. saw the Republicans win a decisive victory over the Federalists.
B. was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates.
C. saw leading Federalists in Congress attempt to engineer the election of Aaron Burr.
D. was decided by a newly elected Republican Congress.
E. was further complicated by the emergence of a third party, the Whigs. | was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates. | | 35 |
| 1900455269 | Who described the election of 1800 as the "Revolution of 1800"?
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Alexander Hamilton
C. John Adams
D. James Madison
K. George Washington | Thomas Jefferson | | 36 |
| 1900455270 | The Judiciary Act of 1801
passed by the new Republican Congress.
B. increased the size of the Supreme Court by two seats.
C. was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts.
D. resulted in the Federalists losing control of the judiciary.
E. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. | was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts. | | 37 |
| 1900455271 | The so-called "corrupt bargain" of 1824 involved
A. illegal contracts between the State Department and private corporations.
B. federal funds for internal improvements to certain states in exchange for electoral votes
C. political payoffs and bribery involving the Treasury Department.
D. political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election.
ETthe sale of public land to supporters of the Monroe administration. | political deal to determine the outcome of the presidential election. | | 38 |
| 1900455272 | In McCullough v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court confirmed the
A. right of states to abolish slavery within its borders, B.right of states to prohibit the . Bank of the United States,
C. right of the federal government to tax states, D."implied powers" of Congress,
D. right of states to tax the Bank of the United States. | "implied powers" of Congress, | | 39 |
| 1900455273 | What event prompted Spain to negotiate the sale of Florida to the United States?
A. the Mexican war for independence against Spain
B. civil war in Spain
C. the Seminole War
D. the Missouri Compromise
E. the Panic of 1819 | the Seminole War | | 40 |
| 1900455274 | The writing of the Monroe Doctrine
A. primarily based on the earlier writings of Thomas Jefferson,
B. deeply angered the European powers,
C. was motivated by American interests in Hawaii, D. was an important example of American nationalism,
E. had an immediate and dramatic effect on American policy. | was an important example of American nationalism, | | 41 |
| 1900455275 | The policy expressed in the Monroe Doctrine was principally directed at
A. American Indians.
B. Southern slaveholders
C. Asia.
D. Mexico.
E. Europe. | Europe. | | 42 |
| 1900455276 | The Supreme Court ruling in Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) was a victory for
A. state government,
B. state courts,
C. the Republican Party,
D. corporate contracts,
E. public education. | corporate contracts, | | 43 |
| 1900455277 | On his last day in office, President James Madison influenced "internal improvements" by
(A.) both supporting the idea of using federal funds to finance transportation construction, and vetoing a bill that would have used federal funds to construct roads and canals.
B. supporting federal financing of scientific and technological research into steam power.
C. both supporting the idea of using federal funds to finance transportation construction and
supporting federal financing of scientific and technological research into steam power.
D. vetoing a bill that would have used federal funds to construct roads and canals.
E. supporting the idea of using federal funds to finance transportation construction. | both supporting the idea of using federal funds to finance transportation construction, and vetoing a bill that would have used federal funds to construct roads and canals. | | 44 |
| 1900455278 | After Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, it
A. quickly opened its northern territories to trade with the United States.
B. attempted to close its northern territories to the United States.
C. began planning for war against the United States.
D. began selling its northern territories to the United States.
E. sought cooperative economic and military arrangements with England | quickly opened its northern territories to trade with the United States. | | 45 |
| 1900455279 | During the presidential campaign of 1828,
^A President Adams was accused of adultery.
B. Republicans were able to effectively unite.
C. Andrew Jackson was labeled a murderer.
D. John Quincy Adams gave a strong showing in the South.
E. the major election issue was the Bank of the United States. | Andrew Jackson was labeled a murderer. | | 46 |
| 1900455280 | The Monroe Doctrine declared that
A. the United States reserved the right to involve itself in European affairs.
B. Cuba should come under the control of the United States.
C. the United States had a "manifest destiny" to colonize North America.
D. European powers should abandon all their interests in the Western Hemisphere.
E. European powers should not engage in new colonization of the American continents. | European powers should not engage in new colonization of the American continents. | | 47 |
| 1900455281 | In the early nineteenth century, the Deep South
A. was slow to organize into states.
B. was largely developed by wealthy planters.
C. contemplated seceding from the rest of the Union.
D. saw tobacco as its primary crop.
E. included a vast, productive prairie in Alabama and Mississippi | included a vast, productive prairie in Alabama and Mississippi | | 48 |
| 1900455282 | In the early nineteenth century, the westward movement of white Americans was encouraged
by
A. exhausted agricultural lands in the East.
B. the spread of the plantation system in the South.
C. the federal government's policy toward Indian tribes in the West,
D. All these answers are correct.
E. None of these answers is correct. | All these answers are correct. | | 49 |
| 1900455283 | The Supreme Court ruled in Johnson v. Mclntosh (1823) that
A. the federal government had no right to take lands from tribes,
B. individual Americans had the right to buy land from Indian tribes.
C. Indians had a basic right to their tribal lands,
D. the laws of the United States invalidated all Indian rights.
E. Indians had all the rights and protections afforded to U.S. citizens. | Indians had a basic right to their tribal lands, | | 50 |
| 1900455284 | The Missouri Compromise of 1819
A. was roundly criticized by nationalists in the North.
B. extended slavery throughout the Louisiana Territory.
C. denied statehood for Missouri for two more years,
D. maintained the nation's equal number of slave and free states,
E. created a northern boundary of slavery at the 42°40" parallel. | maintained the nation's equal number of slave and free states, | | 51 |
| 1900455285 | Prior to becoming president, James Monroe had
A. fought in the War of 1812. B. explored the western frontier,
C. served as secretary of state,
D. switched political parties, E. been vice president. | . served as secretary of state, | | 52 |
| 1900455286 | The so-called "corrupt bargain" was negotiated between
A. Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson.
B. Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams.
C. John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun.
D. John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson.
E. William Crawford and John Quincy Adams. | Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams. | | 53 |
| 1900455287 | By 1818, American steam-powered shipping
A. carried more cargo on the Mississippi than all other forms of river transport combined.
B. increased the transport of manufactured goods westward.
C. stimulated agriculture in both the West and the South.
D. had reached as far up the Ohio River as Pittsburgh.
E. All these answers are correct. | All these answers are correct. | | 54 |
| 1900455288 | The election of 1828
A. represented to Jacksonians a victory for the forces of privilege.
B. saw the emergence of a new two-party system.
C.was decided by the House of Representatives.
D.saw Andrew Jackson receive the largest majority in American political history.
E.saw Andrew Jackson sweep most of New England. | saw the emergence of a new two-party system | | 55 |
| 1900455289 | The experience of American banking during the War of 1812 revealed the need for
A. currency backed by both gold and silver.
B. a reduction in gold and silver reserves.
c. another national bank.
D. an increase in the number of bank notes in circulation.
E. more state banks. | another national bank. | | 56 |
| 1900455290 | Andrew Jackson's presidential victory in 1828 was
A. extremely narrow.
B. decisive but sectional.
C. likely a product of corrupted voting in several key states.
D. a result of the support he received from New England states.
E. an overwhelming victory. | decisive but sectional | | 57 |
| 1900455291 | The "era of good feelings" following the War of 1812 reflected
A. declining violence in the West between the United States and Indian tribes.
B. the renewed good relations between the United States and the European continent.
C. rising nationalism and optimism in the United States.
D.increased political divisions in the United States federal government,
E. the need for Americans to band together in the wake of economic depression. | rising nationalism and optimism in the United States. | | 58 |
| 1900455292 | Shortly after becoming president, James Monroe
A. became the first president to leave the country while in office.
B. called for increased manumissions in the South.
C. undertook a goodwill tour of the country.
D.. called for an end to political parties.
E. acted to limit the future influence of Federalists. | undertook a goodwill tour of the country. | | 59 |
| 1900455293 | After the War of 1812, it was clear that the United States needed an improved
A. system of currency.
B.system of tariffs.
C.system for selling public lands.
D. trade policy with Europe.
E. internal transportation system. | internal transportation system. | | 60 |
| 1900455294 | One cause of the Panic of 1819 was
A. restrictive credit practices prior to 1819.
B. new management practices within the Bank of the United States.
C. the announcement that year that dozens of new state banks were to be chartered.
D. decreased foreign demand for American agricultural goods.
E. an English embargo of American goods. | new management practices within the Bank of the United States. | | 61 |
| 1900455295 | The presidential administration of John Quincy Adams
A. was noted for its inability to carry out its policies effectively,
B. was deeply antagonistic to the ideas behind Clay's American System.
C. was widely popular in the South for its tariff policies. D. D. Was plagued by financial corruption.
E. was successful in domestic policies, but had little success in foreign policies | was noted for its inability to carry out its policies effectively, | | 62 |
