| 201262766 | Canadian Shield | A zone ungirded by ancient rock. First landmass of what became North America, to emerge above sea level. | | 0 |
| 201262767 | Incas | Complex indian tribe based in Peru | | 1 |
| 201262768 | Mayans | Complex indian tribe based in Central America | | 2 |
| 201262769 | Aztecs | Sophisticated civilization in Mexico | | 3 |
| 201262770 | Nation-States | A land ruled by people of a common language and culture (Aztecs set the example) | | 4 |
| 201262771 | Cahokia | Mississippian Settlement which at one point, was home to 25,000 people (1300's) | | 5 |
| 201262772 | Three-Sister Farming | Is a system of growing three crops at once (squash, beans, and corn) | | 6 |
| 201262773 | Middlemen | Muslims who exacted a heavy toll on the routes from Europe to Asia | | 7 |
| 201262774 | Caravel | A ship invented by the Portuguese to sail more closely into the wind | | 8 |
| 201262775 | Plantation System | Portuguese found the origins of this in the 1500's. Based on large-scale commercial agriculture and exploitation of slave labor | | 9 |
| 201262776 | Christopher Columbus | An italian seafarer who sailed under the Spanish, and founded the Americas for Europe. | | 10 |
| 201262777 | Columbian Exchange | The reverberations of Columbus's historic encounter in 1942 | | 11 |
| 201262778 | Treaty of Tordesillas | The division of Spain's findings with Portugal. The findings being the New World. | | 12 |
| 201262779 | Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who dispersed along the mainland of America to find gold and land | | 13 |
| 201262780 | Vasco Nunez Balboa | Founder of the Pacific ocean who claimed the lands on the Pacific, for his Spanish King | | 14 |
| 201262781 | Ferdinand Magellan | Sailed around the tip of South America (His crew completed the first circumnavigation of the globe) He died in the Philippines | | 15 |
| 201262782 | Francisco Pizarro | conqueror who crushed the Incas of Peru and took lots of booty for Spain | | 16 |
| 201262783 | Encomienda | Technique in which the government handed over indians in order for colonists to try to christianize them (origins of slavery) | | 17 |
| 201262784 | Hernan Cortes | Fought the Aztecs in Mexico on noche triste (sad night) and overran Moctezuma (king of aztecs) and the capital city. Had better technology and disease on his side. | | 18 |
| 201262785 | Mestizos | A person of european/indian decent | | 19 |
| 201262786 | Battle of Acoma | Spanish brutally defeated the indians and proclaimed the province of New Mexico | | 20 |
| 201262787 | Pope's Rebellion | Indians fought against the Spanish and put a damper on any advancement for a while. Destroyed catholic churches/ spanish villages | | 21 |
| 201262788 | Protestant Reformation | Catholics battled Protestants for decades and their was religious persecution in Europe | | 22 |
| 201262789 | Roanoke Island | Sir Walter Raleigh sailed there and attempted to create a stable colony but several attempts failed and the colony vanished (1585) | | 23 |
| 201262790 | Rout of the Spanish Armada | Marked the end of Spanish's imperialistic dreams and ultimately marked the end of Spain's golden era. | | 24 |
| 201262791 | Primogeniture | Laws claiming that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit land estates | | 25 |
| 201262792 | Joint-Stock Company | Enabled investors to pool their capital | | 26 |
| 201262793 | Charter of Virginia | Guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights of Englishmen that they would have enjoyed had they stayed home. (1606) | | 27 |
| 201262794 | Jamestown | English settlers settled here but due to malnutrition, this place seemed like a nightmare. John Smith pulled everything together though by being resourceful and laying down rules for the society to live by (1607) | | 28 |
| 201262795 | Lord De La Warr | Imposed a strict military regime in the colony and undertook aggressive military action against indians. (around 1610) | | 29 |
| 201262796 | First Anglo-Powhatan War | Lord De La Warr used "irish tactics" in which he burned indian villages, houses, and cornfields. The interracial union of John Rolfe and Pocahantas ended the war. (1614) | | 30 |
| 201262797 | Second Anglo-Powhatan War | In the final attempt to dislodge the Virginians, the Indians lead an all out attack but were crushed (1644) | | 31 |
| 201262798 | John Rolfe | Husband of Pocahontas was the father of the Tobacco industry and was the savior, economically, for Virginia.(around 1612) | | 32 |
| 201262799 | Virginia | Was the first successful colony that was created. It was in part large due to its large tobacco industry. Representative self government was created in Virginia. | | 33 |
| 201262800 | Maryland | The second plantation colony (fourth overall) to be planted. It was created by Lord Baltimore who was seeking a Catholic refuge. Great supplier and grower of tobacco. Utilized indentured slaves (white slaves who worked for a couple years to pay their passage). Created Act of Toleration (1649) granting freedom of religion for all Christians. | | 34 |
| 201262801 | Barbados Slave Code | Gave masters full control over their laborers. No rights were given to slaves (1661) | | 35 |
| 201262802 | North Carolina | Squatters were very popular. NC is the most democratic and least aristocratic of all the 13 colonies. Had bloody relations with the local indians. | | 36 |
| 201262803 | Georgia | Served as a buffer state between New Spain (Florida) and South Carolina | | 37 |
| 201262804 | Tuscarora War | North Carolina, aided by South Carolina, crushed the Indians and sold hundreds of them into Slavery. After this war, the South Carolinians defeated the Yamasee indians. (1711) Yamasee= 1715 | | 38 |
| 201262805 | Conversion | Sign's of God's saving grace | | 39 |
| 201262806 | Separatists | "Pure" Puritans who didn't believe in the idea of "saints" and the "damned" sharing pews | | 40 |
| 201262807 | Mayflower Compact | Was a "constitution" written by the pilgrims to agree on forming a crude government, and submitting to the will of the majority. (1620) | | 41 |
| 201262808 | Mass. Bay Colony | Dominated by puritans. Gained about 20,000 people during the Great Migration. The biggest and most influential of New England outposts. Town Governments controlled politics with majority vote. | | 42 |
| 201262809 | Anne Hutchinson | Believed in antinomianism which was the belief that holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved not need to bother to obey law of men or god. (Around 1638) | | 43 |
| 201262810 | Rhode Island | Started by Roger Williams, freedom of religion (even for jews and atheists) was created. Very independent liberal colony. | | 44 |
| 201262811 | Fundamental Orders | Modern constitution which established a regime democratically controlled by the citizens. (1639) | | 45 |
| 201262812 | Pequot War | Connecticut militiamen brutally murdered the Pequot tribe, practically annihilating them. (1637) | | 46 |
| 201262813 | King Phillip's War | An indian named metacom created an indian alliance and attacked puritan towns and colonists. Metacom's forces were brutally killed and this war ended the threat of indians. (1675) | | 47 |
| 201292961 | Dominion of New England | A alliance imposed from London was composed of New England, New York, and West Jersey. (1686) | | 48 |
| 201382378 | Navigation Laws | restricted foreign trade to England's colonies intensifying colonial rivalries | | 49 |
| 201382379 | Salutary Neglect | New governors of New England relaxed the Navigation laws (1691) | | 50 |
| 201382380 | Pennsylvania | William Penn created a new refuge for Quakers. This place had a liberal land policy which attracted immigrants. Held peaceful relationships with the indians. They had a proprietary regime that was very liberal and had a representative assembly. Freedom of religion. | | 51 |
| 201382381 | Blue laws | Laws which prohibited "ungodly revelers" like stage plays, playing cards, dice, games and excessive hilarity. | | 52 |
| 201382382 | Head-Right System | Virginia and Maryland employed this to encourage the importation of servant workers. Anyone who paid for passage received 50 acres of land | | 53 |
| 201382383 | Bacon Rebellion | Nathaniel Bacon lead 1000 frontiersmen to put a torch to the capital and chase William Berkeley to Jamestown. (1676) | | 54 |
| 201382384 | Royal African Company | Had a crown-granted monopoly on carrying slaves to the colonies but lost it (1698) | | 55 |
| 201382385 | Middle Passage | The route that the slaves took in which the death rates were as high as 20% | | 56 |
| 201382386 | New York Slave Revolt | Slave revolt in 1712 which cost the lives of 9 whites and 21 blacks (1712) | | 57 |
| 201382387 | South Carolina Slave Revolt | 50 resentful blacks tried to walk along the Stono River to Spanish Florida but were stopped by the local militia (1739) | | 58 |
| 201722873 | Congregational Church | Puritans exacted democracy in politics from this church which was borne out of the beliefs of individual self-governing | | 59 |
| 201722874 | Jeremiad | The sermon given in New England settlements which condemned citizens from letting their religion fade | | 60 |
| 201722875 | Half-Way Covenant | Weakened the distinction between the "elect" and the others by letting people receive baptism but not forcing them to take part in communion. (1662) | | 61 |
| 201722876 | Salem Witch Trials | A series of hearings in which some citizens of Massachusetts were accused of witchcraft. This event was important because it showed the Puritans threats of takeover by yankee commercialism (1692-3) | | 62 |
| 201722877 | Leisler's rebellion | A revolt in New York by the lordly landholders and aspiring merchants (1689-91) | | 63 |
| 201722878 | African Americas in the South | Growing rapidly towards the end of the 17th century. Very little rights. Virginia was easier because tobacco was easier to grow than indigo and rice of the deep south. | | 64 |
| 201722879 | Paxton Boys | Armed march protesting the Quaker oligarchy's leniency towards indians (scots irish) | | 65 |
| 201722880 | Regulator Movement | nasty insurrection protesting the east's domination of colonial affairs | | 66 |
| 201722881 | Triangular trade | trade from the new england colonies to africa to the west indies (each leg of the journey, profits are made) | | 67 |
| 201722882 | Molasses Act | British government made this law to destroy any trade of the colonies to the french west indies | | 68 |
| 201722883 | arminianism | Threatening to predestination. People believed that a life of good works can save you from damnation | | 69 |
| 201886053 | Jonathan Edwards | Intellectual pastor who led the Great Awakening in massachusetts. Wrote "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" | | 70 |
| 201886054 | George Whitefield | A great orator who trumpeted his message of human helplessness and divine power of god. | | 71 |
| 201886055 | Old Lights | Orthodox clergymen who were deeply skeptical of the fervent puritans | | 72 |
| 201886056 | New Lights | Defended the Great Awakening for revitalizing American religion | | 73 |
| 201886057 | John Trumble, John Copely, Benjamin West | Had to move to England to pursue their ambitions in the arts. | | 74 |
| 201886058 | Phillis Wheatley | Had to move to England to pursue any of her poetic ambitions. She wrote poems on Alexander Pope and was the best poet of the colonial period | | 75 |
| 201886059 | Ben Franklin | Known by his contemporaries for Poor Richard's Almanac, which was a publication dealing with virtues like thrift, industry, morality, and common sense. Created the bifocal spectacles and the Franklin stove. Also he proved that lightening was a form of electricity. | | 76 |
| 201886060 | Zenger Trial | John Peter Zenger was a newspaper printer in the middle colonies who was found innocent in the case that he assailed a corrupt governor. This was a great step for democracy and for freedom of the Press. | | 77 |
| 201886061 | Royal colonies and Proprietary Colonies | Each colony had a two house legislative body i which the upper house was (in the royal colonies) appointed by the crown, and (in the proprietary colonies) appointed by the proprietor.
Royal= 8 colonies
Proprietary= Maryland, Penn, Delaware
Self governed= Rhode island, Connecticut | | 78 |
