| CourseNotes

Campbell Biology - Chapter 6 Flashcards

A Tour of the Cell

919391816	light microscope (LM)	visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses	0
919391817	organelles	the membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells	1
919391818	electron microscope (EM)	focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface	2
919391819	scanning electron microscope (SEM)	the electron beam scans the surface of the sample, usually coated with a thin film of gold useful for detailed study of the topography of a specimen	3
919391820	transmission electron microscope (TEM)	used to study the internal structure of cells aims an electron beam through a very thin section of the specimen	4
919391821	cell fractionation	for studying cell structure and function takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another	5
919391822	plasma membrane	cells bounded by a selective barrier	6
919391823	cytoso	jellylike substance in which subcellular components are suspended	7
919391824	eukaryotic cell	most of DNA is in the nucleus, bounded by a double membrane	8
919391825	prokaryotic cell	the DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane-enclosed called the NUCLEOID	9
919391826	cytoplasm	the interior of either type of cell	10
919391827	plasma membrane	the boundary of every cell, functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell	11
919391828	nucleus	contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell (some genes can be in mitochondria and chloroplasts)	12
919391829	nuclear envelope	encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm	13
919391830	nuclear lamina	nuclear side of the envelope is lined with nuclear lamina, a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope	14
919391831	chromosomes	in the nucleus the DNA is organized into discrete units structures that carry genetic info	15
919391832	nucleolus	a prominent structure within the nondividing nucleus, which appears through the electron microscope as a mass of densely strained granules and fivers adjoining part of the chromatin	16
919391833	ribosomes	complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis	17
919391834	endomembrane system	part of eukaryotic cell; includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi, lysosomes, and various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane	18
919391835	vesicles	sacs made of membrane membrane of this system are related either through direct physical continuity or by the transfer of membrane segments as tiny vesicles	19
919391836	endoplasmic reticulum	extensive network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells contains cisternae (reservoir for a liquid) contains lumen (or cisternal space)	20
919391837	cisternae	reservoir for a liquid	21
919391838	smooth ER	outer surface lacks ribosomes	22
919391839	rough ER	studded with ribosomes	23
919391840	glycoproteins	proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them	24
919391841	transport vesicles	vesicles in transit from one part of the cell or another	25
919391842	golgi apparatus	warehouse for receiving, sorting, shipping, and even some manufacturing	26
919391843	lysome	is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cells uses to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules	27
919391844	phagocytosis	amoebas and many other protists eat by engulfing smaller organisms or food particles	28
919391845	food vacuole	the vacuole formed in this way then fuses with lysosome whose enzymes digest the food	29
919391846	vacuoles	large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus	30
919391847	food vacuoles	formed by phagocytosis	31
919391848	contractile vacuoles	many freshwater protists have this, that pump excess water out of the cell, thereby maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell	32
919391849	central vacuole	mature plant cells generally contain this, which develops by the coalescence of smaller vacuoles	33
919391850	mitochondria	are the sites of cellular respiration the metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels	34
919391851	chloroplasts	found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis	35
919391852	endosymbiont theory	mitochondria and chloroplasts display similarities and bacteria. THIS THEORY states that an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell	36
919391853	cristae	the outer membrane is smooth, but the inner membrane is convoluted, with infoldings	37
919391854	mitochondrial matrix	enclosed by inner membranes; the first is the intermembrane space, the narrow region between the inner and other membranes the second compartment is the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX	38
919391855	thylakoids	inside the chloroplast is another membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs	39
919391856	granum	in some regions thylakoids are stacked like poker chips; each stack is called	40
919391857	stroma	the fluid outside the thylakoids , which contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes as well as many enzymes	41
919391858	plastids	the chloroplast is a specialized member of a family of closely related plant organelles	42
919391859	peroxisome	specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane	43
919391860	cytoskeleton	a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm	44
919391861	motor proteins	cell motility generally requires the interaction of the cytoskeleton	45
919391862	microtubules	hollow rods measuring about 25nm in diameter and from 200 nm to 25 um	46
919391863	centrosome	a region that is located near the nucleus and is considered "microtubule-organizing center"	47
919391864	centrioles	a pair; each composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring	48
919391865	flagella	eukaryotes; specialized arrangement of microtubules is responsible for the beating of flagella and cilia locomotion	49
919391866	cilia	hairlike structures	50
919391867	basal body	microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum is anchored in a cell by this	51
919391868	dyneins	each outer doublet also has pairs of protruding proteins spaced along its length and reaching toward the neighboring doublet; these are large motor proteins	52
919391869	microfilaments	are sold rods about 7nm in diameter	53
919391870	actin	a globular protein	54
919391871	cortex	the network gives the outer cytoplasmic layer of a cell, the semisolid consistency of a gel, in contrast with the more fluid (sol) state of the interior cytoplasm	55
919391872	myosin	thousands of actin filaments are arranged parallel to one another along the length of a muscle cell, interdigitated with thicker filaments made of a protein	56
919391873	pseudopodia	a cell such as an amoeba crawls along a surface by extending cellular extensions	57
919391874	cytoplasmic streaming	a circular flow of cytoplasm within cells, especially common in large plant cells, speeds the distribution of material within the cell	58
919391875	intermediate filaments	name for their diameter is larger than the diameter of microfilaments but smaller than that of microtubules	59
919391876	cell wall	extracellular structure of plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells	60
919391877	primary cell wall	a young plant cell first secretes a relatively thin and flexible wall	61
919391878	middle lamella	between primary walls of adjacent cells; a thin layer rich in sticky polysaccharides called pectins	62
919391879	secondary cell wall	between the plasma membrane and the primary wall; often deposited in several laminated layers, has a strong and durable matrix that affords the cell protection and support	63
919391880	collagen	the most abundant glycoprotein the ECM of most animal cells, which forms strong fibers outside the cell	64
919391881	extracellular matrix (EMC)	main ingredients of the ECM are glycoproteins and other carbohydrate-containing molecules secreted by the cell	65
919391882	proteoglycans	collagen fibers are embedded in a network woven out of this that is secreted by cells	66
919391883	fibronectic	some cells are attached to the ECM by ECM glycoproteins such as these	67
919391884	integrins	fibronectic and other ECM proteins bind to cell syrface receptor proteins called ____ that are built into the plasma membrane	68
919391885	pasmodesmata	cell walls are perforated with ____ membrane lined channels tfilled with cytoplasm	69

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Music Appreciation: Roger Kamien 9th Edition Parts 1-4 First Semester Final Flashcards

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1190382345	Sound	Begins with the vibration of an object.	0
1190382346	Pitch	The relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.	1
1190382347	Tone	A sound that has a definite pitch.	2
1190382348	Interval	The "distance" in pitch between any two tones.	3
1190382349	Octave	When the tones are separated by an interval.	4
1190382350	Range	The distance between the lowest and highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce.	5
1190382351	Dynamics	The loudness or softness in music.	6
1190382352	Accent	Playing a tone louder than other tones around the loud tone.	7
1190382353	Timbre (Tone Color)	How you describe music.	8
1190382354	Pianissimo (pp)	Very soft.	9
1190382356	Piano (p)	Soft.	10
1190382357	Mezzo piano (mp)	Moderately soft.	11
1190382359	Mezzo forte (mf)	Moderately loud.	12
1190382360	Forte (f)	Loud.	13
1190382361	Fortissimo (ff)	Very loud.	14
1190382362	Decresendo	Gradually getting softer.	15
1190382363	Cresendo	Gradually getting louder.	16
1190382364	Soprano	Highest female voice.	17
1190382365	Mezzo Soprano	Medium female voice.	18
1190382366	Alto	Lowest female voice.	19
1190382367	Tenor	Highest male voice.	20
1190382368	Baritone	Medium male voice.	21
1190382369	Bass	Lowest male voice.	22
1190382370	Register	Part of a total range.	23
1190382371	Rhythm	Flow of music through time.	24
1190382372	Beat	A regular recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.	25
1190382373	Meter	The organization of beats into regular groups.	26
1190382374	Measure	A group containing a fixed number of beats.	27
1190382375	Duple Meter	When a measure has 2 beats.	28
1190382376	Downbeat	The first beat in a measure.	29
1190382377	Syncopation	When the accent is on the offbeat.	30
1190382378	Tempo	The speed of the beat.	31
1190382379	Largo	Very slow, broad.	32
1190382380	Grave	Very slow, solemn.	33
1190382381	Adagio	Slow.	34
1190382382	Andante	A walking pace.	35
1190382383	Moderato	A jogging pace.	36
1190382384	Allegro	Fast.	37
1190382385	Vivace	Lively.	38
1190382386	Presto	Very fast.	39
1190382387	Prestissimo	As fast as possible.	40
1190382388	Accelerando	Getting faster.	41
1190382389	Ritardando	Getting slower.	42
1190382390	Notation	A system for writing down musical sounds, or the process of writing down music.	43
1190382391	Staff	5 lines and 4 spaces used for writing music.	44
1190382392	Clef	Placed at the beginning of the staff to show the pitch of each line and space.	45
1190382393	Grand Staff	A combination of the treble and bass staves.	46
1190382394	Time Signature	Shows the meter of a piece.	47
1190382395	Melody	A series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole.	48
1190382396	Legato	If the tones of a melody are played or sung in a smooth connected style.	49
1190382397	Staccato	If the tones of a melody are played or sung in a short detached style.	50
1190382398	Phrases	Shorter parts of melodies that make whole melodies.	51
1190382399	Cadence	Speed of the piece.	52
1190382400	Sequence	A repetition of a melodic pattern on a higher or lower pitch.	53
1190382401	Theme	The melodic line the piece of music is structured around.	54
1190382402	Harmony	The way chords are constructed and how they follow each other.	55
1190382403	Chord	A combination of three or more tones sounded at once.	56
1190382404	Consonance	A tone combination that is stable.	57
1190382405	Dissonance	A tone combination that is unstable.	58
1190382406	Resolution	A dissonance has its resolution when it moves to a consonance.	59
1190382407	Triad	Simplest, most basic chord, contains three notes.	60
1190382408	Arpeggio	A broken chord.	61
1190382409	Keynote	The central note of a melody.	62
1190382410	Key	Involves not only a central note but a central scale.	63
1190382411	Scale	Made up of the basic pitch of a piece of music in order from low to high or from high to low.	64
1190382412	Chromatic Scale	All the white and black keys in one octave on the piano.	65
1190382413	Modulation	Shifting from one key to another within the same piece.	66
1190382414	Musical Texture	Refers to how many different layers of sound are heard at once.	67
1190382415	Monophonic	Having one sound.	68
1190382416	Polyphonic	Having many sounds.	69
1190382417	Counterpoint	The technique of combining several melodic lines into a meaningful whole.	70
1190382418	Homophonic	A main melody with chords.	71
1190382419	Three-part Form	A B A.	72
1190382420	Two-part Form	A B.	73
1190382421	Gregorian Chant	Consists of melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment. It is monophonic.	74
1190382422	Church Modes	Unfamiliar scales used in Gregorian Chant.	75
1190382423	Drone	Consists of one or more long, sustained tones accompanying a melody.	76
1190382424	Jongleurs	Performed music and acrobatics in castles, taverns, and town squares.	77
1190382425	Organum	Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines.	78
1190382426	Cantus Firmus	A chant that is used as the basis for polyphony.	79
1190382427	Mass Ordinary	Consists of texts that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year.	80
1190382428	Renaissance	Occurred between 1450-1600.	81
1190382429	Word Painting	Musical representation of specific poetic images.	82
1190382430	A capella	Music without accompaniment.	83
1190382431	Motet	A polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass.	84
1190382432	Mass	A polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections -- Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei.	85
1190382433	Madrigal	A piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love.	86
1190382434	Ballett	A dancelike song for several solo voices.	87
1190382435	Polychoral Motets	Motets for two or more choirs, often including groups of instruments.	88
1190382436	Baroque Music	Occurred between 1600-1750.	89
1190382437	Characteristics of Baroque Music	Unity of Mood, Rhythm, Melody, Dynamics.	90
1190382438	Terraced Dynamics	Abrupt movements from loud to soft.	91
1190382439	Basso Continuo	Usually played by at least 2 instruments.	92
1190382440	Movement	A piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition.	93
1190382441	Concerto Grosso	A small group of soloists.	94
1190382442	Tutti	A large group of players. (All).	95
1190382443	Ritornello Form	Based on alternation between tutti and solo sections.	96
1190382444	Ritornello	The theme the tutti opens with.	97
1190382445	Fugue	A polyphonic composition based on one main theme.	98
1190382446	Subject	A main theme.	99
1190382447	Pedal Point	A single tone, usually the bass, is held while other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it.	100
1190382448	Inversion	A fugue played "upside down".	101
1190382449	Retrograde	A fugue played backwards.	102
1190382450	Augmentation	A fugue with time values lengthened.	103
1190382451	Dimunation	A fugue with time values shortened.	104
1190382452	Prelude	An introductory piece to a fugue.	105
1190382453	Opera	A drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment.	106
1190382454	Libretto	Text of an opera.	107
1190382455	Librettist	Writer of the opera text.	108
1190382456	Aria	A song for a solo voice without orchestral accompaniment.	109
1190382457	Recitative	A vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech.	110
1190382458	Ensemble	When three or more singers are singing in the opera.	111
1190382459	Chorus	Generates atmosphere and makes comments on the action.	112
1190382460	Prompter	Gives the singers and actors reminders if they forget words or lines.	113
1190382461	Overture	Operas that open with a purely orchestral composition.	114
1190382462	Camerata	A group of nobles, poets, and composers who began to meet regularly in Florence in the year 1575 to discuss music.	115
1190382463	Castrato	A male singer who had been castrated before puberty.	116
1190382464	Secco Recitatives	Recitatives accompanied by the basso continuo.	117
1190382465	Claudio Monteverdi	1567-1643 Born in Cremona, Italy. Wrote Orfeo 1607. 1613: Appointed music director at St. Mark's in Venice.	118
1190382466	Henry Purcell	1659-1695 Born in London. Wrote Dido And Aneas 1689. Was the the acclaimed English composer of his day.	119
1190382467	Sonata	A composition in several movements for one to eight instruments.	120
1190382468	Trio Sonatas	A sonata that has three lines, two high lines and a basso continuo.	121
1190382469	Arcangelo Corelli	1653-1713 Born in Fusignano, Italy. Wrote Trio Sonata in A minor. He laid out the foundations of modern violin technique.	122
1190382470	Antonio Vivaldi	1678-1741 Born in Venice. Wrote The Four Seasons 1725. For most of his life he was a violin teacher, a composer, and conductor at a school for orphan girls in Venice.	123
1190382471	Johann Sebastian Bach	1685-1750 Born in Germany. Wrote The Well-Tempered Clavier 1722. His masterpieces marked the high point of baroque music.	124
1190382472	Suites	Sets of dance-inspired movements.	125
1190382473	French Overture	Presents a slow section with dotted rhythms that is full of dignity and grandeur.	126
1190382474	Chorale	Hymn tune.	127
1190382475	Chorale Prelude	A short composition based on the hymn tune that reminded the congregation of the melody.	128
1190382476	Cantata	A piece of music that was sung.	129
1190382477	Oratorio	A large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra. It is like an opera but has no action, scenery, or costumes.	130
1190382478	George Frideric Handel	1685-1759 Born in Germany. Wrote Messiah 1741. Was a master of Italian opera and English oratorio. Also, he was not from a musical family.	131

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MUSIC APPRECIATION FINAL Flashcards

Study guide for MUSI 1306

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2060852746	What years did the classical period encompass?	1750 - 1830	0
2060852747	What are the characteristics of the music of the classical period?	End of bass continuo, singable, gradual dynamics, flexible rhythm, monophonic texture, classical forms + movement: fast, slow, dance fast	1
2060852748	What was the social organization of the classical period?	Rise of the middle class, enlightenment	2
2060852749	What instruments made up the typical orchestra of the classical period?	Percussion: timpani, Brass: 2 trumpets, 2 french horns, String: violas, cello, double bass, Woodwind: 2 flutes, 2 oboe, 2 clarinet, 2 bassoon	3
2060852750	What was the usual order of movements in a classical symphony or string quartet?	Fast, slow, minuet, fast	4
2060852751	What is sonata form?	Exposition(Tonic Key), Bridge, 2nd theme(New Key), Closing material (in 2nd Key theme), repeat sign, Development: conflict created through new treatment of themes, rapid modulation, recapulation	5
2060852752	What is minuet form?	Triple meter, menetto allegreto, ternary form	6
2060852753	What is rondo form?	Finale movement, lively and easy to remember, ABACA, ABACABA	7
2060852754	What did Beethoven expand in the sonata form?	Reapiculation	8
2060852755	Why does the classical concerto differ from the symphony?	It does not have a dance (minuet) movement	9
2060852756	What is a solo section in a concerto that is designed to display the performers virtuosity?	Cadenza	10
2060852757	How is sonata form adapted for the concerto in the classical period?	Double exposition	11
2060852758	What do you call a play that is set to music, sung to orchestra, has scenery, costumes and action?	Opera	12
2060852759	What is a song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment?	Aria	13
2060852760	What refers to a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pattern of speech?	Recitative	14
2060852761	Who was Don Giovanni?	Hated by many, killed and raped	15
2060852762	What was the plot of Mozarts opera, Don Giovanni?	He rapes girl and kills her father, then he lures a wife to be away from her fiancé, has dinner with dead father and refuses to apologize so he dies	16
2060852763	What years did the romantic period encompass?	1825 - 1900	17
2060852764	What composer was a model for many romantic composers?	Beethoven	18
2060852765	What were the characteristics of the music of the romantic period?	Chromatic harmony, rubato, expressive tone color, unity, program music, nationalism, feelings, individuality of style and personal fufillment	19
2060852766	Hod did the orchestra change in the romantic period?	Strings doubled in size and harpsichord; woodwinds and english form, eb clarinet, piccolo; percussion all brass and 3 trombones	20
2060852767	What was inspiration from the composers own homeland called?	Nationalism	21
2060852768	What is music associated with a story, poem, idea or scene that was popular during the romantic period called?	Program music	22
2060852769	What is an instrumental composition in several movements based to some extent on literary or pictorial ideas called?	Program symphony	23
2060852770	What is a one movement orchestral composition in several movement based to some extent on literary or pictorial ideas called?	Symphonic poem	24
2060852771	What word is commonly used for a romantic art song with german text?	Lied	25
2060852772	An art song is a musical composition for what instruments?	Voice and piano	26
2060852773	What is it called when the same music is repeated for each stanza of the poem?	Strophic form	27
2060852774	What is it called when a composer writes new music for each stanza of a poem?	Through composed form	28
2060852775	Franz Schuberts songs number more than?	600	29
2060852776	What poem did Schubert compose the Erkling too?	Wolfgang Van Goethe	30
2060852777	What form is the Erkling?	Through composed	31
2060852778	The pianos relentless rhythm in the Erkling unifies the episode of the song and suggests the____?	Galloping of the horse	32
2060852779	The Erkling is a personification of what?	The grim reaper	33
2060852780	What are the characteristics of the 20th century?	Experimenting with tone color (prepared piano), percussive sounds, extreme pitch ranges, the emancipation of dissonance, polychord, tone clusters, irregular and unpredictable, impressionism	34
2060852781	The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913, at the first performance of what piece of music?	Igor Stravinskys Rite of Spring	35
2060852782	What is a fourth cord?	Chord made up of fourths	36
2060852783	A chord made up of tones only a half or a whole step apart is known as?	Tone cluster	37
2060852784	The absence of key or tonality in a musical composition is known as?	Atonal	38
2060852785	Impression as a movement originated in what country?	France	39
2060852786	Name an important impressionist painter	Monet	40
2060852787	Name an important impressionist composer	Debussy	41
2060852788	Name an important symbolist poet	Stephane Mallarme	42
2060852789	Igor Stravinskys life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet. What was his name?	Sergel Diaghilev	43
2060852790	Stravinskys second phase is generally known as?	Neoclassical	44
2060852791	Le sacre du printemps (Rite of Spring) is an example of what musical style?	Primitivism	45
2060852792	What is an ostinato?	Constantly recurring melodic, rhythmic or harmonic motive	46
2060852793	Igor Stravinsky dramatically changed his style in the 1950 to favor what musical style?	Serialism	47
2060852794	What terms are used to describe the special ordering of the 12 chromatic tones n a 12 tone composition?	Tone row, set, series	48
2060852795	Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called?	Sprechstimme	49
2060852796	What new directions did music take after 1945?	Increase 12 tone system and tonal music, chance music, minimalist music, liberation of sound, and electronic music	50
2060852797	What is chance or aleatoric music?	Where the composer chooses pitches, tone colors, and rhythm by random method	51
2060852798	What are the characteristics of minimalist music?	Simple rhythmic and melodic, slow pace of change over period of time	52
2060852799	What is a prepared piano?	A grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as screws, rubber bands, paper and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys	53
2060852800	Who invented the prepared piano?	John Cage	54

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Music II Flashcards

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1063800250	smallest interval used in the Western system; the octave divides into twelve such intervals; on the piano, the distance between any two adjacent keys, whether black or white	half step	0
1063800251	half step	semitones	1
1063800252	melody or harmony built from many if not all twelve semitones of the octave	chromatic	2
1063800254	consists of an ascending or descending sequence of semitones	chromatic scale	3
1063800255	musical symbol that indicates raising a pitch by a semitone	sharp	4
1063800257	musical symbol that indicates lowering a pitch by a semitone	flat	5
1063800258	interval consisting of two half steps	whole step	6
1063800282	defines the relationship of tones with a common center or tonic; also a lever on a keyboard or woodwind instrument	key	7
1063800283	melody or harmony built from the seven tones of a major or minor scale	diatonic	8
1063800284	encompasses patterns of seven whole tones and semitones	diatonic scale	9
1063800285	five-note pattern used in some African, Far Eastern, and Native American music; can also be found in Western music as an example of exoticism	pantatonic	10
1063800286	three-note scale pattern, used in the music of some sub-Sharan African cultures	tritonic	11
1063800288	seven-note scale; in non-Western music, often fashioned from a different dcdombination of intervals than major and minor scales	heptatonic	12
1063800289	musical interval smaller than a semitone, prevalent in some non-Western music and in some twentieth-century art music	microtone	13
1063800292	small alteration of the pitch by a microtonal interval	inflection	14
1063800294	in the diatonic system, chords which need to resolve the tonic chord; these include the dominant chord and the subdominant chord	active chords	15
1063800297	a chord that achieves a sense of resolution of completion, normally the tonic	rest chord	16
1063800300	the fifth scale step (sol)	dominant	17
1063800302	the fourth scale step (fa)	subdominant	18
1063800305	the process of changing from one key to another	modulation	19
1063800693	shifting a piece of music to a different pitch level	transposition	20
1063800939	rate of speed or pace of music	tempo	21
1063802527	element of musical expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound	dynamics	22
1063802528	vocal style established in the Baroque, with a solo singer(s) and instrumental accompaniment	monody	23
1063802529	literally Italian for salon; a gathering for literary, artistic, musical, or philosophical discussions, notably the Fliorentine Camarata at the end of the sixteenth century	camerata	24
1063802935	Baroque practice consisting of an independent bass line that often includes numerals indicating the harmony to be supplied by the performer	figured bass	25
1063802937	figured bass	thorough-bass	26
1063802938	Italian for "continuous bass"; also refers to the performance group with bass, chordal instrument (harpsichord, organ) and one bass melody instrument (cello, bassoon)	basso continuo	27
1063802939	a harmonic system based on the use of the major and minor scales, widely practiced from the seventeenth to the late nineteenth century	major-minor tonality	28
1063802945	tuning system based on the division of the octave into twelve equal half steps; the system used today	equal temperament	29
1063802946	Baroque doctrine of the union of text and music	doctrine of affections	30
1063802948	male singer who was castrated during boyhood to preserve the soprano or alto vocal register, prominent in seventeenth and early eighteenth century opera	castrato	31
1063802961	French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry	chanson	32
1063802962	Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to a short, lyric love poem; also popular in England	madrigal	33
1063802963	musical pictoralizing of words from the text as an expressive device; a prominent feature of the Renaissance madrigal	word painting	34
1063823801	a striking effect designed to depict the meaning of the text in vocal music; found in many madrigals and other genres of the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries	madrigalisms	35
1063823802	one of the church modes often associated with a somber mood; built on the pitch E using only white keys	phrygian	36
1063824181	stately Renaissance court dance in duple meter	pavane	37
1063826484	Italian "jumping dance," often characterized by triplets in a rapid 4/4 time	saltarello	38
1063826485	lively, triple meter French court dance	galliard	39
1063826639	German dance in moderate duple time, popular during the Renaissance and Baroque periods; often the first movement of a Baroque suite	allemande	40
1063826640	lively Renaissance "round dance," associated with the outdoors, in which participants danced in a circle or a line	Ronde	41
1063826642	melodic decoration, either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music	embellishment	42
1063826948	musical drama that is generally sung throughout, combining the resources of vocal and instrumental music with poetry and drama, acting and pantomime, scenery and costumes	opera	43
1063827021	solo vocal declamation that follows the inflection of the text, often resulting in a disjunct vocal style; found in opera, cantata, and oratoria; can be secco or accompagnato	recitative	44
1063827022	recitative singing style that features a sparse accompaniment and moves with great freedom	secco	45
1063827024	accompanied; also a recitative that is accompanied by orchestra	accompagnato	46
1063827025	lyric song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, generally expressing intense emotion; found in opera, cantata, and oratorio	aria	47
1063827026	lyric in ternary, or A-B-A form, commonly found in operas, cantatas, and oratorios	de capo aria	48
1063827266	an introductory movement, as in opera or oratorio, often presenting melodies from arias to come; also an orchestral work for concert performance	overture	49
1063827267	short orchestral work, found in Baroque opera, to facilitate scene changes	sinfonias	50
1063827273	the author of a libretto	librettist	51
1063827451	text or script of an opera, oratorio, cantata, or musical (also called the "book" in a musical)	libretto	52
1063827453	English genre of aristocratic entertainment that combined vocal and instrumental music with poetry and dance, developed during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries	masque	53
1063827537	country dance of British Isles, often in a lively triple meter, optional dance of movement of solo and orchestral Baroque suite; a type of duple meter hornpipe is still popular in Irish traditional dance music	hornpipe	54
1063828452	a repeating melody, usually in the bass, throughout a vocal or instrumental composition	ground bass	55
1063828453	vocal genre for solo singers, chorus, and instrumentalists based on lyric or dramatic poetic narrative; it generally consists of several movements, including recitatives, arias, and ensemble numbers	cantata	56
1063828456	large-scale dramatic genre originating in the Baroque, based on a text of religious or serious character, performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra; similar to opera but without scenery, costumes, or action	oratorio	57
1063828457	congregational hymn of the German Lutheran Church	chorale	58
1063828458	three-part A-B-A form, frequently used in music and poetry, particularly in Germany	bar form	59
1063828459	an association of amateur musicians, popular in the Baroque era; also a modern university ensemble dedicated to the performance of early music	collegium musicum	60
1063828460	short, recurring instrumental passage found in both the aria and Baroque concerto	ritornello	61
1063828461	tragic Italian opera	opera seria	62
1063828578	a form of English street song, popular from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries; ballads are characterized by narrative content and strophic form	ballad	63
1063828581	English comic opera, usually featuring spoken dialogue alternating with songs set to popular tones	ballad opera/dialogue opera	64
1063828586	French Baroque dance, a standard movement of the suite, in triple meter at a moderate tempo	courante	65
1063828616	stately Spanish Baroque dance type in triple meter, a standard movement of the Baroque suite	sarabande	66
1063828617	a vigorous dance developed in the British Isles, usually in compound meter, became fashionable on the continent as the gigue; still popular as an Irish traditional dance genre	jig	67
1063828618	popular English Baroque dance type, a standard movement of the Baroque suite in a lively compound meter	gigue	68
1063828622	an elegant triple-meter dance type popular in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; usually in binary form	minuet	69
1063828624	duple-meter French Baroque dance type with a moderate quick tempo	gavotte	70
1063828627	lively French Baroque dance type in duple meter	bourree	71
1063828629	French Baroque court dance type; a faster version of the minuet	passepied	72
1063828630	musical form in which the first section recurs, usually in the tonic; in the classical multimovement cycle, it appears as the last movement in various forms including A-B-A-B-A, A-B-A-C-A, and A-B-A-C-A-B-A	rondo	73
1063828632	instrumental genre in several movements of concertos that combines elements of Baroque ritornello	concerto	74
1063828635	Baroque concerto type based on the opposition between a small group of solo instrumentals (the concertino) and orchestra (the ripieno)	concerto grosso	75
1063828636	solo group of instruments in the Baroque concerto grosso	concertino	76
1063828646	all; the opposite of solo	tutti	77
1063828649	the larger of the two ensembles in the Baroque concerto grosso; also tutti	ripieno	78
1063828650	instrumental music endowed with literary or pictoral associations, especially popular in the nineteenth century	program music	79
1063828651	Baroque form (similar to chaconne) in moderately slow triple meter, based on a short, repeated base-line melody that serves as the basis for continuous variation in other voices	passacaglia	80
1063828652	Baroque form similar to the passacaglia, in which the variations are based on a repeated chord progression	chaconne	81
1063828653	instrumental work preceding a larger work	prelude	82
1063828654	virtuoso composition, generally for organ or harpsichord, in a free and rhapsodic style; in the Baroque, it often served as the introduction to a fugue	toccata	83
1063828655	polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era in which one or more themes developed by imitative counterpoint	fugue	84
1063828656	main idea or theme of a work, as in a fugue	subject	85
1063828657	second entry of the subject in a fugue, usually pitched a fourth below or a fifth above the subject	answer	86
1063828660	opening section; in the fugue, the first section in which the voices enter in turn with the subject, in sonata-allegro form, the first section in which the major thematic material is stated	exposition	87
1063828661	exposition	statement	88
1063828662	interlude or intermediate section in the Baroque fugue that serves as an area of relaxation between statements of the subject	episode	89
1063828663	statement of a melody in longer note values, often twice as slow as the original	augmentation	90
1063828664	statement of a melody in shorter note values, often twice as fast as the original	diminuition	91
1063828665	backward statement of the melody	retrograde	92
1063828666	mirror or upside-down image of a melody pattern, found in fugues and twelve-tone compositions	inversion	93
1063828667	in a fugue, when entries of the subject occur at faster intervals of time, so that they overlap forming dense, imitative counterpoint; usually occurs at the climactic moment near the end	stretto	94

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Music 101 FINAL Roger Kamien Flashcards

Southern Union Community

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745005908	A cappella refers to	Voice with out instrumental accompaniment	0
745005909	The______ is similar to the trumpet, but its tone is more mellow	Cornet	1
745005910	Striking a group of adjacent keys on a piano with the first of forearm will result in	Polytonality	2
745005911	Bach's Personal musical style was drawn from	Italian Concerto, German Church Music, French Dance Music	3
745005912	Neoclassical composers modeled many of their works after the compositions of	Johann Bach	4
745005913	Terpsichore, a collection of over 300 dance tunes was arranges for instrumental ensemble by ____________	Michael Pretorious	5
745005914	Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations is called __________	Program Music (Romanticism)	6
745005915	A classical concerto is a three movement work for	Instrumental, Soloist, and Orchestra	7
745005916	Porgy and Bess is (a/an)	an opera by George Gerswhin	8
745005917	The word baroque has at various times meant all of the following except	Naturalistic	9
745005918	One of the leading figure of the history of jazz and the composer of such compositions as Black, Brown, and Beige and Sophisticated Lady, is	Duke Ellington	10
745005919	Drawing inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer is known as	Exoticism	11
745005920	"Slaughter on Tenth Avenue", the ballet used in the climax of On Your Toes was choreographed by	George Ballenshire	12
745005921	Besides his musical achievements, Mendelssohn was a	Talented Painter, Fine writer, and Brilliant Conversationalist	13
745005922	The melody added to Gregorian Chant to form Organum around 1100 was usually ___________ of the original chant.	Exaggerated elaborate mimic	14
745005923	The _________ is a stately dance in the duple meter similar to the pavene.	Passemesso	15
745005924	The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed during the ____________	12th & 13th Centuries by French Nobles called Troubadours and Trouveres	16
745005925	A romantic composer who earned his living as a touring virtuoso	Franzs Listz	17
745005926	The Double Bass in Classical orchestra, as in Motzart's Eine Kleine Nactmusik, usually___________	An octave lower than the cello	18
745005927	A symphony is a	Musical composition for orchestra usually in 4 movements	19
745005928	Listz created the __________, a one movement orchestral composition based to come extent on a literary or pictorial idea	Symphonic Poem	20
745005929	Many of the bands in the second British invasion (1980's) used electronic technology and often featured	Outlandish Costumes	21
745005930	The most important form of classical chamber music is the_____________	String Quartet	22
745005931	Since the 1960's most film music has been composed by _____________	Freelance Composers	23
745005932	A folk-like, guitar based style associated with rural white Americans is known as _____________	Country & Western	24
745005933	A piano trio is a musical composition for _____________	Violin, Cello, and Piano	25
745005934	The poetic and musical form of the Blues was popularized in the early years of the twentieth century through the publication of Memphis Blues and St. Louis Blues, composer by _____________	William C. Handy	26
745005935	A collection of compositions that display all the resources of Fugue writing is Johann Sebastian Bach's _____________	Art of the Fugue	27
745005936	During the last few years, moviegoers have _____________	Taken a greater interest in film music	28
745005937	Dynamics in music refers to _____________	Volume or Sound of a Note	29
745005938	The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly _____________	Polyphonic	30
745005939	Haydn was fortunate in having a long and fruitful, as well as financially stable relationship with the noble Hungarian family of _____________.	Esterhazy Family	31
745005940	The King of Ragtime is acknowledged as _____________	Scott Joplin	32
745005941	The solo instruments in Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.5 are the _____________, violin, and harpsicord	Flute	33
745005942	The central tone around which a musical composition is organized is called the _____________	Tonic Key	34
745005943	The relative highness of lowness of a sound is called _____________	Pitch	35
745005944	In the Middle Ages the organ	King of Instruments	36
745005945	Symphonic Bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they _____________	have a string section	37
745005946	The French Secular songs of the Middle Ages usually dealt with _____________	The Crusades, Spinning, Love,	38
745005947	Movie soundtracks can contain _____________	Original Music & Previously Existing Music	39
745005948	Tchaikovsky participated as a conductor in the concert inauguration of _____________	Carnegie Hall	40
745005949	The typical form of a swing composition is	32 Bars AABA	41
745005950	A Jazz sound is produced from _____________	A variety of pitch fluctuation, vibrato, and attach and release (all of the above)	42
745005951	The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is _____________	Fast, Slow, Dance-Like, Fast	43
745005952	The German master _____________ recommended Dvo Yaks music to his own publisher, resulting in a rapid spread of Dvo Yak's Fame	Johannes Brahms	44
745005953	Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrinas'	...	45
745005954	Treemonisha is an _____________ by Scott Joplin	Opera	46
745005955	A dissonance is a combination of tones that _____________	Lack of Arguable Combination	47
745005956	Turning the subject of a Fugue upside down, or reversing the direction of each interval, is called _____________	Inversion	48
745005957	The Beatles were influenced by many different styles, but not by _____________	Mo Town	49
745005958	Webern's Five Pieces for an Orchestra are scored for _____________	Chamber Orchestra w/ 18 Soloists	50
745005959	The early Baroque was characterized by _____________	Homophonic Textures	51
745005960	In 1921 Copland went to France, where he was the first American to study composition with _____________	Nadia Boulanger	52
745005961	Baroque painters exploited their materials to expand the potential of _____________ to create totally structured worlds	Colors	53
745005962	The saxophone is _____________	Woodwind, Conical, Brass Instrument	54
745005963	Modulation refers to _____________	Changes in Key	55
745005964	The Renaissance ballet is a _____________	Performance Dance Originates in the Italian Courts	56
745005965	Schoenburg's third period, in which he developed the twelve tone system, began around _____________	1921	57
745005966	In many fugues, the subject in one voice is constantly accompanied in another voice by a different melodic idea called an _____________	Counter Subject	58
745005967	Sergei Diaghilev was the director of the _____________	Russian Private Orchestra	59
745005968	A chant that is used as the basis for polyphony is known as _____________	Cantus Fimmus	60
745005969	Haydn was prolific composer, as demonstrated in part by his 68 string quartets and 104 _____________	Symphonies	61
745005970	Which of the following statements is not true?	...	62
745005971	The German composers of art songs favored, among others, the lyric poetry of Johann Wolfgang van Goethe and _____________	Hendrich Heine	63
745005972	The librettos "The Ring of the Nibelung" were written by _____________	Wagner Himself	64
745005973	Although all the movements of a baroque suite are in the same key they differ in	Meter, National Origin, Tempo	65
745005974	Typical in Classical music, the string bass part in Mozart's Eline Kleine Nactmusik	Sounds an octave lower than the cello	66
745005975	Which of the Following is not true of Venice in the 16th century?	It was part of the Papal States on the North Eastern Coast of Italy < Not true	67

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Music Appreciation Exam #2 Flashcards

The Baroque Period
Book: Music: An Appreciation by Roger Kamien

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1804588850	affections	emotional states like joy, grief, and agitation represented in baroque music through specific musical languages	0
1804588851	terraced dynamics	the sudden shift of dynamics characteristic of Baroque music	1
1804588852	clavichord	baroque keyboard instrument in which sound is produced by means of brass blades striking strings, capable of making gradual dynamic changes, but within a narrow volume range	2
1804588853	basso continuo	Baroque accompaniment made up of a bass part usually played by two instruments: a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument	3
1804588854	figured bass	bass part of a baroque accompaniment with figures (numbers) above it indicating the chords to be played	4
1804588855	movement	piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition	5
1804588856	tutti	in Italian: all; the full orchestra, or a large group of musicians contrasted with a smaller group	6
1804588857	ritornello form	compositional form usually employed in the baroque concerto grosso, in which the tutti plays a refrain, alternating with one or more soloists playing new material	7
1804588858	ritornello	a repeated section of music usually played by the full orchestra, or tutti	8
1804588859	subject	theme of a fugue	9
1804588860	answer	second presentation of the subject in a fugue, usually in the dominant scale	10
1804588861	countersubject	in a fugue, a melodic idea that accompanies the subject fairly constantly	11
1804588862	episode	transitional section in a fugue between presentations of the subject, which offers either new material or fragments of the subject or countersubject	12
1804588863	stretto	compositional procedure used in fugues, in which a subject is imitated before it is completed; one voice tries to catch the other	13
1804588864	pedal point	a single tone, usually in the bass, which is held while the other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it	14
1804588865	inversion	variation of a fugue subject in which each interval of the subject is reversed in direction	15
1804588866	retrograde	variation of a fugue subject in which the subject is presented by beginning with its last note and proceeding backward to the first	16
1804588867	augmentation	variation of a fugue subject in which the original time values of the subject are lengthened	17
1804588868	diminution	variation of fugue subject in which the original times values of the subject are shortened	18
1804588869	prelude	short piece usually serving to introduce a fugue or another composition	19
1804588870	libretto	text of an opera	20
1804588871	librettist	dramatist who writes the libretto of an opera	21
1804588872	aria	song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an emotional state through its outpouring of melody	22
1804588873	recitative	vocal line in an opera, oratorio, or cantata that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech, often serving to lead into an aria	23
1804588874	ensemble	in opera, a piece performed by three or more solo singers	24
1804588875	chorus	a group of singers performing together, generally with more than one to a part	25
1804588876	prompter	person who gives cues and reminds singers of their words or pitches during an opera performance	26
1804588877	overture	short musical composition, purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood	27
1804588878	camerata	in Italian, fellowship or society; a group of nobles, poets, and composers who began to meet regularly in Florence around 1575 and whose musical discussions prepared the way for the beginning of opera	28
1804588879	castrato	male singer castrated before puberty to retain a high voice range; the most important category of vocal soloists in opera during the baroque period	29
1804588880	countertenor	male who sings in a female pitch range using a special kind of voice production	30
1804588881	secco recitative	speech-like melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied only by a basso continuo	31
1804588882	accompanied recitative	speech-like melody that is sung by a solo voice accompanied by the orchestra	32
1804588883	da capo aria	aria in A B A form; after the B section, the term da capo is written; this means from the beginning and indicates a repetition of the opening A section	33
1804588884	da capo	from the beginning; an indication usually meaning that the opening section of a piece is to be repeated after the middle section	34
1804588885	ground bass	variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it continually change (basso obstinato)	35
1804588886	trill	musical ornament consisting of the rapid alternation of two tones that are a whole or half step apart	36
1804588887	suite	a set of dance-inspired movements all written in the same key but differing in tempo, meter, and character	37
1804588888	french overture	common opening piece in baroque suites, oratories, and operas; usually in two parts: the first slow, with characteristic dotted rhythms, full of dignity and grandeur; the second quick and lighter in mood, often starting like a fugue	38
1804588889	chorale	hymn tune sung to a German religious text	39
1804588890	chorale prelude	short composition for organ, based on a hymn tune and often used to remind the congregation of the melody before the hymn is sung	40
1804588891	arioso	vocal solo more lyrical than a recitative and less elaborate than an aria	41

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Music Appreciation Midterm (1-9) Flashcards

Music: An Appreciation (Brief)
Roger Kamien
McGraw-Hill
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994640624	Music can be defined as...	...an art based on the organization of sounds in time.	0
994640625	The four main properties of musical sound are pitch, dynamic, tone color, and...	...duration.	1
994640626	The relative highness or lowness of a sound is called...	...pitch.	2
994640628	A sound that has a definite pitch is called a...	...tone.	3
994640629	The distance in pitch between any two tones is called an...	...interval.	4
994640630	When tones are separated by the interval called an _______, they sound very much alike.	octave	5
994640631	The distance between the lowest and highest tones an instrument can produce is called its...	...pitch range.	6
994640632	Dynamics in music refers to...	...degrees of loudness and softness.	7
994640634	A gradual decrease in loudness is known as a...	...diminuendo.	8
994640635	Timbre is synonymous with...	...tone color.	9
994640636	Which of the following is not a normal classification of male vocal ranges?	Contralto (correct answer) Baritone Tenor Bass	10
994640637	A symphonic band consists of mainly...	...brass, woodwind, and percussion.	11
994640638	Plucking the string with a finger instead of using a bow is called....	...pizzicato.	12
994640639	Woodwind instruments are so named because...	...they were originally made of wood.	13
994640640	The ______ are the only orchestral drums of definite pitch.	timpani	14
994640641	The ______ has strings that a plucked by a set of plastic, quill, or leather wedges.	harpsichord	15
994640642	Rapidly repeating tones by quick up and down strokes of the bow is known as...	...tremolo.	16
996060210	regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time	beat	17
996060212	organization of beats into regular groups is called	meter	18
996060213	the first, or stressed, beat of a measure is known as the	downbeat	19
996060214	this term refers to the rate of speed of the beat of the music	tempo	20
996060215	in musical notation, pitches are written on a set of five lines called a	staff	21
996060216	the repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch	sequence	22
996060218	musical element that refers to the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other	harmony	23
996060219	a series of chords is called a	progression	24
996060220	the simplest most basic chord in western music is the	triad	25
996060221	chromatic is used in music to refer to the	twelve tones of an octave	26
996060222	when two or more melodic lines of equal interest are performed simultaneously, the texture is	polyphonic	27
996060223	a round is an example of	strict imitation	28
996060224	homophonic texture consists of	one main melody accompanied by chords	29
996060225	some feature of a music idea are changed, but others are retained, the technique is referred to as	variation	30
996060226	ordered flow of music through time	rhythm	31
996060227	in musical notation, silence is indicated by	rests	32
996060228	combination of tones that are unusable and tense	dissonance	33
996060229	central tone around which a musical composition is organized	tonic	34
996060230	texture of a single melodic line without accompaniment is	monophonic	35
996060231	middle ages in european history	450-1450	36
996187968	who held virtual monopoly on learning in middle ages	monks in monasteries	37
996187969	most medieval music was	vocal	38
996187970	the music medieval monks made was	gregorian chant	39
996187971	texture of gregorian chant	monophonic	40
996187972	earliest chant manuscripts from what century	ninth	41
996187973	earliest extant liturgical morality play, Ordo virtutum (Play of the Virtues), was composed by	Hildegard of Bingen	42
996187974	The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed by	french nobles called troubadors	43
996187975	first steps toward the development of polyphony were taken sometime between 700 and 900, when	monks began to add a second line to gregorian chant	44
996187976	gregorian chant with one additional melodic line	organum	45
996187977	center of polyphonic music in europe after 1150 was	paris	46
996187978	earliest known composers to write music with measured rhythm	Loenin and Perotin	47
996187979	"ars nova" refers to	italian and french music of the fourteenth century	48
996187980	Renaissance in music occured between	1450-1600	49
996187983	texture of renaissance music is chiefly	polyphonic	50
996187985	two main forms of sacred renaissance music are	mass and motet	51
996187986	the renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in	Italy	52
996187987	Weelkes's "As Vesta Was Descending" is notable for its	word painting	53
996187988	nuns and monks sang at what two types of services	office and mass	54
996187991	a capella refers to	unaccompanied choral music	55
996187992	baroque style flourished in music during this period	1600-1750	56
996188006	early baroque period was characterized by	homophonic texture	57
996188008	Montoverdi created music that was	passionate and dramatic	58
996188016	instrumental music became as important as vocal music a this time	middle baroque	59
996188018	a baroque musical composition usually expresses ________ within the same movement	constantly changing moods	60
996188019	sudden alterations between loud and soft	terraced dynamics	61
996188021	main keyboard instuments of the baroque era were	piano and harpsichord	62
996188022	most characteristic feature of baroque music is its use of	basso continuo	63
996188024	a movement in music usually refers to	piece that can be independent but is part of a larger composition	64
996188026	three movements of concerto grosso	fast, slow, fast	65
996188029	first and last movements of concerto grosso are in what form	ritornello	66
996188031	main theme of a fugue is called the	subject	67
996188032	a play set to music with orchestral accompaniment with costumes and actors	operas	68
996188035	the text or book of a musical dramatic work	libretto	69
996188037	vocal line that imitates fluctuations of speech	recitative	70
996188039	camerata wanted the vocal line of their music to follow	rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech	71
996188041	first european opera house to offer admission to anyone paying the price opened in	venice, italy	72
996188050	castrati	lung power of man, range of woman, highly paid, castrated (all answers correct)	73
996188052	statement is not true about monteverdi	all twelve of his operas are performed regularly in europe and america	74
996188055	Dido and Aeneas was composed by	Henry Purcell	75
996335460	vivaldi spend most of his life working at an institution for orphaned and illegitimate girls in	venice	76
996335463	vivaldi was famous as a virtuoso on what instrument	violin	77
996335466	vivaldi wrote appox how many concerto grosso and solo concertos	450	78
996335468	Bach was most eminent of his day with what instrument	organ	79
996335470	Bach created masterpieces in every from except	opera	80
996335471	sets of dance inspired instrumental movements	suites	81
996335472	baroque suites typically begin with	french overture	82
996335474	congregational singing of chorales was an important way for people to	participate in the service	83
996335477	bach's cantatas closely resembled what of that time	operas	84
996335479	sonata intended to be played in a church	sonata de chiesa	85
996335482	Corelli's Trio Sonata in A Minor, op. 3, no. 10, is scored for	two violins and basso continuo	86
996335485	a vivaldi concerto typically has	three	87
996335487	vivaldi wrote concertos for a great variety of instruments (T/F)	true	88
996335489	A two-part collection of preludes and fugues, one in each major and minor key, basic to the repertoire of keyboard players today, is Bach's	well-tempered clavier	89
996335492	which of the following is not a part of baroque suite	waltz	90
996335493	two sections of a french overture	slow-fast	91
996335496	A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the	cantata	92
996335498	how many performers in baroque trio sonata	four	93
996474101	dates for classicism in western art music	1750-1820	94
996474104	which is not a sonata form movement	rondo	95
996474105	concluding section of sonata form movement	coda	96
996474107	theme and variations form may be outlined as	AA'A''A'''A''''.	97
996474109	minuet and trio movement of classical symphony is in what form	ABA	98
996474111	minuet is generally what number movement of a classical symphony	third	99
996474112	beethoven replaces what kind of movement for the minuet in many of his works	scherzo	100
996474114	rondo may be schematically outlined as	ABACABA	101
996474116	return of the main theme in rondo form is welcome because it is in what key	tonic	102
996474117	rondo most often serves as the	finale	103
996474118	first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast and in what form	sonata	104
996474119	usual order of movements in classical symphony is	fast, slow, dance-related, fast	105
996474120	a concerto is a large-scale work in several movements for	an instrumental soloist and orchestra	106
996474121	mozart and beethoven wrote concertos for their favorite instrument, the	piano	107
996474122	sequence of movements in classical concerto is	fast, slow, fast	108
996474123	first movement of a classical concerto has	two expositions	109
996474124	classical concerto differs from the symphony in that it doesn't have these movements	minuet or scherzo	110
996474125	In the classical period, comic operas sometimes	ridiculed the aristocracy	111
996474126	In the exposition of a sonata form movement...	the second theme is in a new key	112
996474127	each successive variation in a theme with variations	retains some elements of the theme	113
996702025	pieces of an oratorio are usually connected by means of	a narrators recitatives	114
996702026	handel's messiah is an example of	an oratorio	115
996702027	Handel spent a major portion of his time in	England	116
996702028	the core of Handel's output was english oratorios and italian...	operas	117
996702029	oratorio differs from opera in that is has no	acting, costumes or scenery	118
996702030	Oratorios first appeared in	Italy	119
996702031	2 violins, viola, cello, four movements, most important form in chamber music	string quartet	120
996702032	Haydn's two popular oratorios: the seasons and	the creation	121
996702033	Mozart's symphony no. 40 in Gmin is	one of his last three symphonies	122
996702034	major factor that distinguishes chamber music from symphony	one player per part	123
996702035	in addition to 68 string quartets, how many symphonies did Haydn write?	104	124
996702036	where were the 12 symphonies for JP Saloman first performed? (Named the _______ symphonies)	London	125
996702037	family that helped make Haydn famous	Esterhazy	126
996702038	mozart's finest german opera	the magic flute	127
996702039	piano trio is written for what 3 instruments?	violin, cello, piano	128
996746975	after he went deaf, his compositions included piano sonatas, string quartets, and the 9th symphony. these are some of beethoven's...	late works	129
996746976	beethoven had 16 of these, and they were considered some of the greatest ever recorded	string quartets	130
996746977	piano sonata is for...	piano only	131
996746978	Beethoven's third symphony commemorated	Napoleon	132
996746979	beethoven had a habbit of carrying a	musical sketchbook	133
996746980	beethoven's only opera is entitled	Fidelio	134

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Music: Classical Period Flashcards

This is from Roger Kamien's Music: An Appreciation 9th Edition textbook. All the definitions are either from the glossary or from the pages. Page numbers are listed on the term side of the card. Some are not the exact description as described in the book.

Terms : Hide Images

2045692213	sonata form	form of a single movement, consisting of three main sections: the exposition, where the themes are presented; the development, where themes are treated in new ways; and the recapitulation, where the themes return. A concluding section, the coda, often follows the recapitulation.	0
2045692214	exposition	first section of a sonata-form movement, which sets up a strong conflict between the tonic key and the new key; and between the first theme (or the group of themes), and the second theme (or group of themes)	1
2045692215	bridge (transition)	in the exposition of the sonata form, a section which leads from the first theme in the tonic, or home, key to the second theme, which is in a new key.	2
2045692216	development	second section of the sonata-form movement, in which the themes from the exposition are developed and the music moves through several different keys.	3
2045692217	motive	fragment of a theme, or short musical idea which is developed within a composition.	4
2045692218	recapitulation	third section of a sonata-form movement. in which the first theme, bridge, second theme, and the concluding section are presented more or less as they were in the exposition, with one crucial difference: all the principal material is now in the tonic key.	5
2045692219	coda	in a sonata-form movement, a concluding section following the recapitulation and rounding off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further.	6
2045701913	theme and variations	theme is repeated over and over and is changed each time	7
2045703735	countermelody	accompanying melody sounding against the principle melody	8
2045707530	minuet and trio	ABA form (A = minuet; B = trio) in a moderate triple meter (often the third movement of the classical symphonies)	9
2045712472	minuet	a stately dance in triple meter	10
2045713759	serenade	light in mood, written for small string orchestra or for a string quartet plus a double bass	11
2045692220	rondo	Compositional form featuring a main theme (A) that returns in alteration with other themes, such as A B A C A and A B A C A B A. Rondo is often the form of the last movement in classical symphonies, string quartets, and sonatas.	12
2045692221	sonata-rondo	compositional form that combines the repeating theme of rondo form with a development section similar to that in sonata form	13
2045692222	symphony	orchestral composition, usually in four movements, exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the orchestra.	14
2045692223	concerto	extended composition for instrumental soloist and orchestra (usually in three movements: the first is fast, the second is slow, and the final one is fast)	15
2045723849	string quartet	2 Violins, Viola, Cello (Haydn, mozart, beethoven)	16
2045692224	cadenza	extended solo for the soloist near the end of the first movement and sometimes the last movement.	17
2045692225	chamber music	music using a small group of musicians, with one player to a part, most important part: string quartet	18
2045692226	string quartet	composition for two violins, a viola, and a cello; usually consisting of four movements. (Also, the four instrumentalists)	19
2045692227	requiem	Mass for the dead	20

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Music Appreciation Midterm (1-9) Flashcards

Music: An Appreciation (Brief)
Roger Kamien
McGraw-Hill
Connect Upgrade Edition

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2117470718	Music can be defined as...	...an art based on the organization of sounds in time.	0
2117470719	The four main properties of musical sound are pitch, dynamic, tone color, and...	...duration.	1
2117470720	The relative highness or lowness of a sound is called...	...pitch.	2
2117470721	A sound that has a definite pitch is called a...	...tone.	3
2117470722	The distance in pitch between any two tones is called an...	...interval.	4
2117470723	When tones are separated by the interval called an _______, they sound very much alike.	octave	5
2117470724	The distance between the lowest and highest tones an instrument can produce is called its...	...pitch range.	6
2117470725	Dynamics in music refers to...	...degrees of loudness and softness.	7
2117470726	A gradual decrease in loudness is known as a...	...diminuendo.	8
2117470727	Timbre is synonymous with...	...tone color.	9
2117470728	Which of the following is not a normal classification of male vocal ranges?	Contralto (correct answer) Baritone Tenor Bass	10
2117470729	A symphonic band consists of mainly...	...brass, woodwind, and percussion.	11
2117470730	Plucking the string with a finger instead of using a bow is called....	...pizzicato.	12
2117470731	Woodwind instruments are so named because...	...they were originally made of wood.	13
2117470732	The ______ are the only orchestral drums of definite pitch.	timpani	14
2117470733	The ______ has strings that a plucked by a set of plastic, quill, or leather wedges.	harpsichord	15
2117470734	Rapidly repeating tones by quick up and down strokes of the bow is known as...	...tremolo.	16
2117470735	regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time	beat	17
2117470736	organization of beats into regular groups is called	meter	18
2117470737	the first, or stressed, beat of a measure is known as the	downbeat	19
2117470738	this term refers to the rate of speed of the beat of the music	tempo	20
2117470739	in musical notation, pitches are written on a set of five lines called a	staff	21
2117470740	the repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch	sequence	22
2117470741	musical element that refers to the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other	harmony	23
2117470742	a series of chords is called a	progression	24
2117470743	the simplest most basic chord in western music is the	triad	25
2117470744	chromatic is used in music to refer to the	twelve tones of an octave	26
2117470745	when two or more melodic lines of equal interest are performed simultaneously, the texture is	polyphonic	27
2117470746	a round is an example of	strict imitation	28
2117470747	homophonic texture consists of	one main melody accompanied by chords	29
2117470748	some feature of a music idea are changed, but others are retained, the technique is referred to as	variation	30
2117470749	ordered flow of music through time	rhythm	31
2117470750	in musical notation, silence is indicated by	rests	32
2117470751	combination of tones that are unusable and tense	dissonance	33
2117470752	central tone around which a musical composition is organized	tonic	34
2117470753	texture of a single melodic line without accompaniment is	monophonic	35
2117470754	middle ages in european history	450-1450	36
2117470755	who held virtual monopoly on learning in middle ages	monks in monasteries	37
2117470756	most medieval music was	vocal	38
2117470757	the music medieval monks made was	gregorian chant	39
2117470758	texture of gregorian chant	monophonic	40
2117470759	earliest chant manuscripts from what century	ninth	41
2117470760	earliest extant liturgical morality play, Ordo virtutum (Play of the Virtues), was composed by	Hildegard of Bingen	42
2117470761	The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed by	french nobles called troubadors	43
2117470762	first steps toward the development of polyphony were taken sometime between 700 and 900, when	monks began to add a second line to gregorian chant	44
2117470763	gregorian chant with one additional melodic line	organum	45
2117470764	center of polyphonic music in europe after 1150 was	paris	46
2117470765	earliest known composers to write music with measured rhythm	Loenin and Perotin	47
2117470766	"ars nova" refers to	italian and french music of the fourteenth century	48
2117470767	Renaissance in music occured between	1450-1600	49
2117470768	texture of renaissance music is chiefly	polyphonic	50
2117470769	two main forms of sacred renaissance music are	mass and motet	51
2117470770	the renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in	Italy	52
2117470771	Weelkes's "As Vesta Was Descending" is notable for its	word painting	53
2117470772	nuns and monks sang at what two types of services	office and mass	54
2117470773	a capella refers to	unaccompanied choral music	55
2117470774	baroque style flourished in music during this period	1600-1750	56
2117470775	early baroque period was characterized by	homophonic texture	57
2117470776	Montoverdi created music that was	passionate and dramatic	58
2117470777	instrumental music became as important as vocal music a this time	middle baroque	59
2117470778	a baroque musical composition usually expresses ________ within the same movement	constantly changing moods	60
2117470779	sudden alterations between loud and soft	terraced dynamics	61
2117470780	main keyboard instuments of the baroque era were	piano and harpsichord	62
2117470781	most characteristic feature of baroque music is its use of	basso continuo	63
2117470782	a movement in music usually refers to	piece that can be independent but is part of a larger composition	64
2117470783	three movements of concerto grosso	fast, slow, fast	65
2117470784	first and last movements of concerto grosso are in what form	ritornello	66
2117470785	main theme of a fugue is called the	subject	67
2117470786	a play set to music with orchestral accompaniment with costumes and actors	operas	68
2117470787	the text or book of a musical dramatic work	libretto	69
2117470788	vocal line that imitates fluctuations of speech	recitative	70
2117470789	camerata wanted the vocal line of their music to follow	rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech	71
2117470790	first european opera house to offer admission to anyone paying the price opened in	venice, italy	72
2117470791	castrati	lung power of man, range of woman, highly paid, castrated (all answers correct)	73
2117470792	statement is not true about monteverdi	all twelve of his operas are performed regularly in europe and america	74
2117470793	Dido and Aeneas was composed by	Henry Purcell	75
2117470794	vivaldi spend most of his life working at an institution for orphaned and illegitimate girls in	venice	76
2117470795	vivaldi was famous as a virtuoso on what instrument	violin	77
2117470796	vivaldi wrote appox how many concerto grosso and solo concertos	450	78
2117470797	Bach was most eminent of his day with what instrument	organ	79
2117470798	Bach created masterpieces in every from except	opera	80
2117470799	sets of dance inspired instrumental movements	suites	81
2117470800	baroque suites typically begin with	french overture	82
2117470801	congregational singing of chorales was an important way for people to	participate in the service	83
2117470802	bach's cantatas closely resembled what of that time	operas	84
2117470803	sonata intended to be played in a church	sonata de chiesa	85
2117470804	Corelli's Trio Sonata in A Minor, op. 3, no. 10, is scored for	two violins and basso continuo	86
2117470805	a vivaldi concerto typically has	three	87
2117470806	vivaldi wrote concertos for a great variety of instruments (T/F)	true	88
2117470807	A two-part collection of preludes and fugues, one in each major and minor key, basic to the repertoire of keyboard players today, is Bach's	well-tempered clavier	89
2117470808	which of the following is not a part of baroque suite	waltz	90
2117470809	two sections of a french overture	slow-fast	91
2117470810	A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the	cantata	92
2117470811	how many performers in baroque trio sonata	four	93
2117470812	dates for classicism in western art music	1750-1820	94
2117470813	which is not a sonata form movement	rondo	95
2117470814	concluding section of sonata form movement	coda	96
2117470815	theme and variations form may be outlined as	AA'A''A'''A''''.	97
2117470816	minuet and trio movement of classical symphony is in what form	ABA	98
2117470817	minuet is generally what number movement of a classical symphony	third	99
2117470818	beethoven replaces what kind of movement for the minuet in many of his works	scherzo	100
2117470819	rondo may be schematically outlined as	ABACABA	101
2117470820	return of the main theme in rondo form is welcome because it is in what key	tonic	102
2117470821	rondo most often serves as the	finale	103
2117470822	first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast and in what form	sonata	104
2117470823	usual order of movements in classical symphony is	fast, slow, dance-related, fast	105
2117470824	a concerto is a large-scale work in several movements for	an instrumental soloist and orchestra	106
2117470825	mozart and beethoven wrote concertos for their favorite instrument, the	piano	107
2117470826	sequence of movements in classical concerto is	fast, slow, fast	108
2117470827	first movement of a classical concerto has	two expositions	109
2117470828	classical concerto differs from the symphony in that it doesn't have these movements	minuet or scherzo	110
2117470829	In the classical period, comic operas sometimes	ridiculed the aristocracy	111
2117470830	In the exposition of a sonata form movement...	the second theme is in a new key	112
2117470831	each successive variation in a theme with variations	retains some elements of the theme	113
2117470832	pieces of an oratorio are usually connected by means of	a narrators recitatives	114
2117470833	handel's messiah is an example of	an oratorio	115
2117470834	Handel spent a major portion of his time in	England	116
2117470835	the core of Handel's output was english oratorios and italian...	operas	117
2117470836	oratorio differs from opera in that is has no	acting, costumes or scenery	118
2117470837	Oratorios first appeared in	Italy	119
2117470838	2 violins, viola, cello, four movements, most important form in chamber music	string quartet	120
2117470839	Haydn's two popular oratorios: the seasons and	the creation	121
2117470840	Mozart's symphony no. 40 in Gmin is	one of his last three symphonies	122
2117470841	major factor that distinguishes chamber music from symphony	one player per part	123
2117470842	in addition to 68 string quartets, how many symphonies did Haydn write?	104	124
2117470843	where were the 12 symphonies for JP Saloman first performed? (Named the _______ symphonies)	London	125
2117470844	family that helped make Haydn famous	Esterhazy	126
2117470845	mozart's finest german opera	the magic flute	127
2117470846	piano trio is written for what 3 instruments?	violin, cello, piano	128
2117470847	after he went deaf, his compositions included piano sonatas, string quartets, and the 9th symphony. these are some of beethoven's...	late works	129
2117470848	beethoven had 16 of these, and they were considered some of the greatest ever recorded	string quartets	130
2117470849	piano sonata is for...	piano only	131
2117470850	Beethoven's third symphony commemorated	Napoleon	132
2117470851	beethoven had a habbit of carrying a	musical sketchbook	133
2117470852	beethoven's only opera is entitled	Fidelio	134

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Music: An Appreciation Classical Period Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

100902575	sonata form (619)	Form of a single movement, consisting of three main sections: the exposition, where the themes are presented; the development, where themes are treated in new ways; and the recapitulation, where the themes return. A concluding section, the coda, often follows the recapitulation.	0
100902576	exposition (607)	First section of a sonata-form movement, which sets up a strong conflict between the tonic key and the new key; and between the first theme (or the group of themes), and the second theme (or group of themes)	1
100902577	bridge (transition) (602)	In the exposition of the sonata form, a section which leads from the first theme in the tonic, or home, key to the second theme, which is in a new key.	2
100902578	development (605)	Second section of the sonata-form movement, in which the themes from the exposition are developed and the music moves through several different keys.	3
100902579	motive (613)	Fragment of a theme, or short musical idea which is developed within a composition.	4
100902580	recapitulation (617)	Third section of a sonata-form movement. in which the first theme, bridge, second theme, and the concluding section are presented more or less as they were in the exposition, with one crucial difference: all the principal material is now in the tonic key.	5
100902581	coda (604)	In a sonata-form movement, a concluding section following the recapitulation and rounding off the movement by repeating themes or developing them further.	6
100902582	rondo (618)	Compositional form featuring a main theme (A) that returns in alteration with other themes, such as A B A C A and A B A C A B A. Rondo is often the form of the last movement in classical symphonies, string quartets, and sonatas.	7
100902583	sonata-rondo (620)	Compositional form that combines the repeating theme of rondo form with a development section similar to that in sonata form, outlined A B A -development_ A B A.	8
100902584	symphony (621)	Orchestral composition, usually in four movements, typically lasting 20-45 minutes, exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the orchestra.	9
100902585	concerto (604)	Extended composition for instrumental soloist and orchestra, usually in three movements: the first is fast, the second is slow, and the final one is fast.	10
100902586	cadenza (602)	Unaccompanied section of virtuoso display for the soloist in a concerto, usually appearing near the end of the first movement and sometimes the last movement.	11
100902587	chamber music (603)	Music using a small group of musicians, with one player to a part.	12
100902588	string quartet (620)	Composition for two violins, a viola, and a cello; usually consisting of four movements. (Also, the four instrumentalists)	13
100902589	requiem (617)	Mass for the dead.	14

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