HIST 1301, Ch. 9-12 Test #3 (CTC) Flashcards
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| 2384719447 | Spoils System | Appointed positions to loyal party supporters. | 0 | |
| 2384719448 | Trail of Tears | 1838 removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma; about 1/4 died along the way. | 1 | |
| 2384719449 | Nullification Crisis | sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. | 2 | |
| 2384719450 | Review the efforts of the Jacksonians to "democratize" politics. | Western States eliminated property ownership as a prerequisite for voting. More public offices were made elective rather than appointive. Electors were selected by popular vote in all states except SC and DE. System of allowing Congressional Caucaus to elect the presidential candidates came to an end. | 3 | |
| 2384719451 | One fundamental tenet of Jacksonian Democracy was the belief in the "common man." For the Jacksonian, what did the belief imply? | Having been taught by Jefferson that all men are created equal, the Americans of Jackson's day found it easy to believe that every person was as competent and as politically important as his neighbor. | 4 | |
| 2384719453 | On what basis did Jackson justify his veto of the Second National Bank's Charter? | Insisted the bank was unconstitutional, inexpedient, a dangerous private monopoly that allowed a handful of rich people to accumulate "many millions" of dollars, the bank was making the rich richer. | 5 | |
| 2384719454 | Describe Jackson's view of nullification | Tantamount to tre | 6 | |
| 2384719455 | Which Native American tribe was forcibly removed from Georgia and to Oklahoma? | Cherokee | 7 | |
| 2384719456 | Which political party coalesced around opposition to "King Andrew"? | The Whigs | 8 | |
| 2384719457 | Which political party used the campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" Who was its candidate? | The Wigs party General Williams Harrison (Indian Fighter). | 9 | |
| 2384719458 | Cult of True Womanhood | An ideal of middle class womanhood in the early nineteenth century that asserted that women were naturally pious, pure, and submissive; exemplars of Christian precepts; and best suited to supervise the moral development of family. | 10 | |
| 2384719459 | Charles Grandison Finney | Charismatic evangelist who brought the Second Great Awakening to its crest. He abandoned a promising career as a lawyer and became an itinerant preacher. His most success came during a series of revivals in towns along the Erie Canal, that Finney called "the burned over district". | 11 | |
| 2384719460 | The Shakers | A religious commune founded by Ann Lee in England that came to America in 1774. Shakers practiced celibacy, believed that God was both Mother and Father, and held property in common. | 12 | |
| 2384719461 | Thomas Gallaudet | Developed methods for educating deaf people. Gallaudet's school in Hartford, CT opened its doors in 1817. | 13 | |
| 2384719462 | Frederick Douglass | A former slave who escaped from Maryland, He became an agent of the Massachusetts Anti Slavery Society and a featured speaker at its public meetings. | 14 | |
| 2384719463 | Transcendentalism | A diverse and loosely defined philosophy that promoted a mystical, intuitive way of looking at life that subordinated facts to feelings. Transcendentalists argued that humans could transcend reason and intellectual capacities by having faith in themselves and in the fundamental benevolence of the universe. | 15 | |
| 2384719464 | Who wrote the book Democracy in America? | Alexis de Tocqueville | 16 | |
| 2384719465 | How did the attitude toward children change during the early nineteenth century, especially in the middle class household? | Women began having fewer children, which led to parents valuing their children more through time and affection. Relationships became more caring and children were viewed as the moral superiors of their parents. | 17 | |
| 2384719466 | How did participants in the Great Awakening view the theological concept of salvation? | Finney dismissed Calvinism and said salvation was available to anyone. Conversions increased sharply. Church membership doubled in six months in Rochester. Elsewhere, churches capitalize on the efforts of the other evangelists to fill their pews. Singing of hymns. Women, responsible for the children/household religious education had servants and therefore time to devote to their salvation. | 18 | |
| 2384719467 | Review your authors' comments regarding the per capita consumption of alcohol during the 1820's. | In the 1820's the per capita consumption of hard liquor reached five gallons, well over twice what it is today. | 19 | |
| 2384719468 | How do your authors describe William Lloyd Garrison's attitude toward slavery? | Absolutely unyielding | 20 | |
| 2384719469 | What was the Declaration of Sentiments? Which famous American document served as a model for the Declaration of Sentiments? | All men and women are created equal; It was patterned after the Declaration of Independence. | 21 | |
| 2384719470 | Who wrote the essay "Civil Disobedience"? Why did he write it? | Henry David Thoreau; To explain his view of the proper relation between the individual and the state, resulting in his protest to pay his poll tax and landing in jail. | 22 | |
| 2384719471 | What idea was the driving force behind the common school movement? That is to say, what contribution would such schools make to American society and governance? | The belief that a government based on democratic rule must provide the means to "difuse knowledge throughout the mass of the people". This meant free tax supported schools that all children were expected to attend. It meant that such an educational system should be administered on a statewide basis and that teaching should become a profession that required formal training. | 23 | |
| 2384719472 | Webster/Ashburton Treaty | Regarded as a diplomatic triumph. signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. It resolved a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border, established the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods, originally defined in the Treaty of Paris (1783), reaffirmed the location of the border (at the 49th parallel) in the westward frontier up to the Rocky Mountains defined in the Treaty of 1818, called for a final end to the slave trade on the high seas, and agreed to shared use of the Great Lakes. The treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State Daniel Webster and British diplomat Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton. A plaque commemorating the treaty was placed at the site of the old State Department building in Washington, D.C. where the signing occurred. | 24 | |
| 2384719473 | Manifest Destiny | originating in the 1840's, referred to support of the expansion of the United States through the acquisition of Texas, Oregon, and parts of Mexico. The term was also used in the 1890's in reference to the conquest of foreign lands not meant to be incorporated into the United States. | 25 | |
| 2384719474 | "Oregon Fever" | fired by the spirit of manifest destiny In the early 1840s, the country suddenly burned with "oregon fever". In dozens of towns, societies were founded to collect information and organize groups to make the march to the Pacific. | 26 | |
| 2384719475 | Winfield Scott | Polk put him in charge of the offensive campaign against Mexico City. He helped modernize military administration and strengthen the professional training of officers after his win in the War of 1812. | 27 | |
| 2384719476 | Nicholas P. Trist | Chief negotiator to Polk, he ignored the order to demand more territory and pay less for it for fear the Mexican government would disintegrate unless a treaty was signed. He wrote a 65-page letter to the president, refusing to be recalled and continued to negotiate. | 28 | |
| 2384719477 | Wilmot Proviso | 1846, amendment to a bill put before the U.S. House of Representatives during the Mexican War; it provided an appropriation of million to enable President Polk to negotiate a territorial settlement with Mexico. David Wilmot introduced an amendment to the bill stipulating that none of the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery. The amended bill was passed in the House, but the Senate adjourned without voting on it. In the next session of Congress (1847), a new bill providing for a -million appropriation was introduced, and Wilmot again proposed an antislavery amendment to it. The amended bill passed the House, but the Senate drew up its own bill, which excluded the proviso. | 29 | |
| 2384719478 | Compromise of 1850 | Several laws that together sought to settle several outstanding issues involving slavery. They banned the slave trade, but not slavery in Washington DC; admitted California as a free state; applied popular sovereignty to the remaining Mexico Cession territory; settled the TX/NM boundary dispute; and passed a more stringent Fugitive Slave Act. | 30 | |
| 2384719479 | Who led the first Anglo settlers to Texas? | Stephen F. Austin | 31 | |
| 2384719480 | Describe the role played by Mexico's efforts to abolish slavery in the conflict between Anglo settlers in Texas and the Mexican government. | Mexico outlawed slavery in 1829, American settlers evaded the law by "freeing" their slaves and then signing them to lifetime contracts as indentured servants. In 1830, Mexico prohibited further immigration of Americans into Texas, though impossible to enforce. Texans began to seek independence, resulting in a full scale rebellion in 1835. Mexico's president, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, marched north with over 5,000 soldiers to subdue the rebels. In late February 1836 he reached San Antonio. | 32 | |
| 2384719481 | Who led the Texans in their push for independence from Mexico? this person also became the first president of the Republic of Texas. | Sam Houston | 33 | |
| 2384719482 | With which country did the U.S. sign a treaty in 1846 to divide the Oregon territory at the 49th parallel? | Great Britain | 34 | |
| 2384719483 | Review the impact of the annexation of Texas on U.S./Mexico relations. | Mexico had defaulted on debts owed to the United States, which caused some people to suggest using force to obtain the money. Mexican pride was involved. Texas had been independent for more than a decade and Mexico made no effort to reconquer it, never recognized its independence and broke off diplomatic relations when the United States annexed the republic. | 35 | |
| 2384719484 | How do your authors assess General Winfield Scott's campaign against Mexico City? As a success or a failure? | He outflanked the Mexican position and then carried it by storm, capturing more than 3,000 prisoners and much equipment. Success, "the most brilliant of modern times." | 36 | |
| 2384719485 | Review the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. | Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary of Texas and ceded New Mexico and upper CA to the U.S. In return the US agreed to pay Mexico $15million and take on the claims of American citizens against Mexico, which amounted to another $3.25 million. | 37 | |
| 2384719486 | Why did slavery become an increasingly divisive issue after the Mexican War? | Slavery raised a moral question. The majority of whites had little respect for blacks, free or slaved, but couldn't look upon the ownership of one human being by another as simply an alternative form of economic organization and argue its merits as they would those of the protective tariff or a national bank. | 38 | |
| 2384719487 | Who led the effort to deal with slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico along the lines of Popular sovereignty? | Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan | 39 | |
| 2384719488 | Why did nearly 80,000 Americans move to CA in 1849? | The Gold Rush | 40 | |
| 2384719489 | Nat Turner | An American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 57 white deaths and at least 100 black deaths. He gathered supporters in Southampton County, Virginia. | 41 | |
| 2384719490 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | Establishing the legality of labor unions became a judicial landmark when other state courts followed the precedent. | 42 | |
| 2384719491 | Cyrus Hall McCormick | The major figure in the development of the reaper. His horse drawn reaper bent the grain against the cutting knife and then deposited it neatly on a platform where it could be raked into windrows. | 43 | |
| 2384719492 | Which Southern crop stands out more than all others in terms of its economic and social impact in the 1840's and 1850's? | cotton | 44 | |
| 2384719493 | What percentage of white southern families owned one or more slaves by the late 1850's? | Only one white family in four owned any slaves at all. (25%). Only about 46,000 of the 8 million white residents of the slave states had as many as twenty slaves. | 45 | |
| 2384719494 | By midcentury who controlled a large part of the cotton trade? | New York capitalists | 46 | |
| 2384719495 | What was the legal status of slave marriages? | Their marriages have no legal status, but their partnerships seem to have been loving and stable. | 47 | |
| 2384719496 | How did most slave owners view the spread of Christianity among their slaves? | Seemed to be a useful instrument for teaching meekness and resignation and for providing harmless emotional release. | 48 | |
| 2384719497 | How do your authors describe manufacturing in the South? | Less than 15% of all goods manufactured in the US in 1860 came from the South; the region didn't really develop an industrial society. | 49 | |
| 2384719498 | According to your authors, what change defined the North during the antebellum period? | The rapid growth of industry. | 50 | |
| 2384719499 | Describe the living conditions of most factory workers | Most working families maintained small vegetable gardens and a few chickens; low wage rates did not reflect a low standard of living. Since the average factory worker made $5, wives also had to work in the factories to make a living. The working environment became faster, more debilitating for child labor. | 51 | |
| 2384719500 | What was the name of the first operating railroad in the U.S.? | Baltimore and Ohio railroad | 52 | |
| 2384719501 | Review your authors' observations about the impact of railroads on American business generally. Pay special attention to the contributions made by railroads to management style and corporate structure. | Stimulated the economy, stimulated investment banking | 53 | |
| 2384719502 | What impact did the South's scattered population have on the construction of railroads in the region? | Some of it was not completed | 54 | |
| 2403687449 | Who was Peggy Eaton and what role did she play in the dispute between Jackson and Calhoun? | Wife of the Jackson's Secretary of War, Snubbed by Calhoun's wife for supposedly having an affair with Eaton while she was still married to another man. Jackson and his wife (Rachel) were also accused of such activity. ason; Federal Union must be preserved. | 55 |
