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AP European History Anchor Dates (1st semester) Flashcards

A list of important events in European History. Designed for AP European History course.

622022863	1453	100 Years War Ends; Constantinople Falls	0
622022864	1492	Columbus's Discovery; Reconquista Ends	1
622022865	1517	Martin Luther Posts his "95 Thesis"	2
622022866	1534	The Act of Supremacy; Jesuit Order is Founded	3
622022867	1555	The Peace of Augsburg	4
622022868	1588	Defeat of the Spanish Armada; Day of the Barricades	5
622022869	1598	Edict of Nantes is Issued by Henry IV	6
622022870	1603	Queen Elizabeth Dies	7
622022871	1648	Peace of Westphalia	8
622022872	1685	Edict of Nantes is revoked by Louis XIV	9
622022873	1688-1689	The Glorious Revolution	10
622022874	1713	The Treaty of Utrecht; Pragmatic Sanction of Austria	11
622022875	1740	War of Austrian Succession	12
622022876	1789	The French Revolution begins	13
622022877	1815	Napoleon's 100 Days; Congress of Vienna	14
622022878	1832	The great Reform Bill; Organic Statute	15
622022879	1848	The Year of Failed Revolutions; Communist Manifesto	16

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Advanced Biology Chapter 27: Prokaryotes Vocabulary Terms Flashcards

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2288662916	peptidoglycan	A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides.	0
2288662917	Gram stain	A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell walls.	1
2288662918	Gram-positive	Describing the group of bacteria with a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the gram-negative bacteria.	2
2288662919	Gram-negative	Describing the group of bacteria with a cell wall that is structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than that of gram-positive bacteria.	3
2288662920	capsule	A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces.	4
2288662921	fimbriae	A short, hairlike prokaryotic appendage that functions in adherence to the substrate or to other cells.	5
2288662922	pili	A long, hairlike prokaryotic appendage that functions in adherence or in the transfer of DNA during conjugation.	6
2288662923	taxis	Movement toward or away from a stimulus.	7
2288662924	nucleoid region	The region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA.	8
2288662925	plasmids	A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome	9
2288662926	endospores	A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions	10
2288662927	obligate aerobes	An organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it.	11
2288662928	facultative anaerobes	An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.	12
2288662929	obligate anaerobes	An organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it.	13
2288662930	anaerobic respiration	The use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains.	14
2288662931	nitrogen fixation	The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain prokaryotes into nitrogenous compounds that can be directly used by plants.	15
2288662932	biofilms	A surface-coating colony of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation.	16
2288662933	extremophiles	A prokaryote that lives in an extreme environment; includes methanogens, extreme heliophiles, and extreme thermophiles	17
2288662934	extreme thermophiles	A prokaryote that thrives in hot environments (often 60-80 degrees C or hotter)	18
2288662935	extreme halophiles	A prokaryote that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea.	19
2288662936	methanogens	A microorganism that obtains energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, producing methane as a waste product.	20
2288662937	decomposers	Any of the saprobic fungi and prokaryotes that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms, and convert them into inorganic forms.	21
2288662938	symbiosis	An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact.	22
2288662939	host	The larger participant in a symbiotic relationship, serving as home and feeding ground to the symbiont.	23
2288662940	symbiont	The smaller participant in a symbiotic relationship, living in or on the host.	24
2288662941	mutualism	A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit.	25
2288662942	commensalism	A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed.	26
2288662943	parasitism	A symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont (parasite) benefits at the expense of the host by living either within the host (as an endoparasite) or outside the host (as an ectoparasite)	27
2288662944	parasite	An organism that benefits by living in or on another organism at the expense of the host.	28
2288662945	exotoxins	A toxic protein that is secreted by a prokaryote and that produces specific symptoms even in the absence of the prokaryote.	29
2288662946	endotoxins	A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die.	30
2288662947	bioremediation	The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems.	31

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Honors Geometry Exam Vocab Flashcards

THIS QUIZLET DOES NOT INCLUDE POSTULATES AND THEOREMS

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583256809	Acute angle	An angle whose measure is between 0 and 90.	0
583256810	Angle	Formed by two rays with the same endpoint. The rays are the sides of the angle and the common endpoint is the vertex of the angle.	1
583256811	Angle bisector	A ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles.	2
583256812	Axiom	Also called a postulate, an axiom is an accepted statement of fact.	3
583256813	Collinear points	Points that lie on the same line.	4
583256814	Congruent angles	Angles that have the same measure.	5
583256815	Congruent segments	Segments that have the same length.	6
583256816	Conjecture	A conclusion reached by using inductive reasoning.	7
583256817	Coordinate	A point's distance and direction from the origin of a number line. The coordinates of a point on a coordinate plane are in the form (x, y), where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate.	8
583256818	Coplanar	Figures in the same plane.	9
583256819	Counterexample	A counterexample to a statement is a particular example or instance of the statement which makes the statement false.	10
583256820	Inductive reasoning	A type of reasoning that reaches conclusions based on a pattern of specific examples or past events.	11
583256821	Line	In Euclidean geometry, a line is undefined. You can think of a line as a series of points that extend in two directions without end. In spherical geometry, you can think of a line as a great circle of a sphere.	12
583256822	Midpoint	The point that divides the segment into two congruent segments.	13
583256823	Obtuse angle	An angle whose measure is between 90 and 180.	14
583256824	Opposite rays	Collinear rays with the same endpoint. They form a line.	15
583256825	Parallel lines	Two lines are parallel if they lie in the same plane and do not intersect. The symbol \|\| means "is parallel to."	16
583256826	Parallel planes	Planes that do not intersect.	17
583256827	Perpendicular bisector	The perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line, segment, or ray that is perpendicular to the segment at its midpoint.	18
583256828	Perpendicular lines	Lines that intersect and form right angles. The symbol means "is perpendicular to."	19
583256829	Plane	A plane is undefined. You can think of a plane as a flat surface that has no thickness. A plane contains many lines and extends without end in the directions of its lines.	20
583256830	Point	A point is undefined. You can think of a point as a location. A point has no size.	21
583256831	Postulate	Also called axiom, is an accepted statement of fact.	22
583256832	Ray	The part of a line consisting of one endpoint and all the points of the line on one side of the endpoint.	23
583256833	Right angle	An angle whose measure is 90.	24
583256834	Segment	The part of a line consisting of two points, called endpoints, and all points between them.	25
583256835	Skew lines	Lines that do not lie in the same plane.	26
583256836	Space	The set of all points.	27
583256837	straight angle	An angle whose measure is 180.	28
583256838	straightedge	A ruler with no markings on it.	29
583256839	Adjacent angles	Two coplanar angles that have a common side and a common vertex but no common interior points.	30
583256840	Bioconditional	A conditional statement and its converse can be combined to form a biconditional statement. A biconditional contains the words "if and only if."	31
583256841	Complementary angles	Two angles are complementary angles if the sum of their measures is 90 degrees.	32
583256842	Conclusion	The conclusion is the part of an if-then statement (also called the conditional) that follows then.	33
583256843	Conditional	An if-then statement.	34
583256844	Converse	The converse of the conditional "if p, then q" is the conditional "if q, then p."	35
583256845	Deductive reasoning	A process of reasoning logically from given facts to a conclusion.	36
583256846	Hypothesis	The part that follows if in an if-then statement (or conditional).	37
583256847	Supplemental angles	Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their measures is 180.	38
583256848	Theorem	A conjecture that is proven.	39
583256849	Truth value	"true" or "false" according to whether the statement is true or false, respectively.	40
583256850	Vertical angles	Two angles with sides that are opposite rays.	41
583256851	Alternate interior angles	Nonadjacent interior angles that lie on opposite sides of the transversal.	42
583256852	Polygon	A closed plane figure with at least three sides that are segments. The sides intersect only at their endpoints and no two adjacent sides are collinear. The vertices of the polygon are the endpoints of the sides. A diagonal is a segment that connects two nonconsecutive vertices. A polygon is convex if no diagonal contains points outside the polygon. A polygon is concave if a diagonal contains points outside the polygon.	43
583256853	Corresponding angles	Angles that lie on the same side of the transversal t and in corresponding positions relative to l and m.	44
583256854	Equiangular triangle or polygon	An equiangular triangle is a triangle whose angles are all congruent. An equiangular polygon is a polygon whose angles are all congruent.	45
583256855	Equilateral triangle or polygon	An equilateral triangle is a triangle whose sides are all congruent. An equilateral polygon is a polygon whose sides are all congruent.	46
583256856	Exterior angle of a polygon	An angle formed by a side and an extension of an adjacent side.	47
583256857	Proof	A proof is a convincing argument that uses deductive reasoning. A proof can be written in many forms. In a two-column proof, the statements and reasons are aligned in columns. In a paragraph proof, the statements and reasons are connected in sentences. In a flow proof, arrows show the logical connections between the statements. In a coordinate proof, a figure is drawn on a coordinate plane and the formulas for slope, midpoint, and distance are used to prove properties of the figure. An indirect proof involves the use of indirect reasoning.	48
583256858	Isosceles triangle	A triangle that has at least two congruent sides. If there are two congruent sides, they are called legs. The vertex angle is between them. The third side is called the base and the other two angles are called the base angles.	49
583256859	Polygon	A closed plane figure with at least three sides that are segments. The sides intersect only at their endpoints and no two adjacent sides are collinear. The vertices of the polygon are the endpoints of the sides. A diagonal is a segment that connects two nonconsecutive vertices. A polygon is convex if no diagonal contains points outside the polygon. A polygon is concave if a diagonal contains points outside the polygon.	50
583256860	Regular polygon	A polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular. Its center is the center of the circumscribed circle.	51
583256861	Remote interior angle	The two nonadjacent interior angles corresponding to each exterior angle of a triangle.	52
583256862	Same-side interior angles	Angles that lie on the same side of the transversal t and between and m.	53
583256863	Scalene triangle	Has no sides congruent.	54
583256864	Transversal	A line that intersects two coplanar lines in two points.	55
583256865	Congruent polygons	Polygons that have corresponding sides congruent and corresponding angles congruent.	56
583256866	Corollary	A statement that follows directly from a theorem.	57
583256867	CPCTC	An abbreviation for "corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent."	58
583256868	Hypotenuse	The segment directly across from the right angle in a right triangle.	59
583256869	Altitude of a triangle	A perpendicular segment from a vertex to the line containing the side opposite that vertex.	60
583256870	Centroid	The point of intersection of all the lines that contain the medians of that triangle.	61
583256871	Circumcenter	The point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle.	62
583256872	Circumscribed about	A circle is circumscribed about a polygon if the vertices of the polygon are on the circle. A polygon is circumscribed about a circle if all the sides of the polygon are tangent to the circle.	63
583256873	Concurrent lines	Three or more lines that meet in one point. The point at which they meet is the point of concurrency.	64
583256874	Contrapositive	The contrapositive of the conditional "if p, then q" is the conditional "if not q, then not p." A conditional and its contrapositive always have the same truth value.	65
583256875	Distance from a point to a line	The length of the perpendicular segment from the point to the line.	66
583256876	Equivalent statements	Statements with the same truth value.	67
583256877	Incenter of a triangle	The point of concurrency of the angle bisectors of the triangle.	68
583256878	Indirect reasoning	A type of reasoning in which all possibilities are considered and then all but one are proved false. The remaining possibility must be true.	69
583256879	Inscribed in	A circle is inscribed in a polygon if the sides of the polygon are tangent to the circle. A polygon is inscribed in a circle if the vertices of the polygon are on the circle.	70
583256880	Inverse	The inverse of the conditional "if p, then q" is the conditional "if not p, then not q."	71
583256881	Median of a triangle	A segment that has as its endpoints a vertex of the triangle and the midpoint of the opposite side.	72
583256882	Midsegment of a triangle	The segment that joins the midpoints of two sides of the triangle.	73
583256883	Negation	A negation of a statement has the opposite meaning of the original statement.	74
583256884	Orthocenter	The point of intersection of the lines containing the altitudes of the triangle.	75
583256885	Concurrent lines	Three or more lines that meet in one point. The point at which they meet is the point of concurrency.	76

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Honors Geometry Final (Chapters 5-8,10-11) Flashcards

Miss Watras Honors Geometry Final

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834276252	Polyhedron (face, edge, vertex)	a solid that is bounded by polygons called faces that enclose a single region of space (F+V=E+2)	0
834276253	face (of a polyhedron)	polygons that enclose a single region of space	1
834276254	edge (of a polyhedron)	a line segment formed by the intersection of two faces	2
834276255	vertex (of a polyhedron)	a point where three of more edges meet	3
834276256	Platonic solids	5 regular polyhedral (all faces are congruent regular polygons) named after the Greek mathematician and philosopher Plato (regular tetrahedron, a cube, regular octahedron, regular dodecahedron, and regular icosahedron)	4
834276257	convex polyhedron	if any two points on its surface can be connected by a segment that lies entirely inside or on the polyhedron	5
834276258	concave polyhedron	a polyhedron that is not convex	6
834276259	prism	V=BH SA=2B=area of rectangles	7
834276260	cylinder	V=BH=╥r^2H SA=2╥r^2=2╥r(<-circumference)*H	8
834276261	pyramid	V=1/3BH SA=B+area of triangles	9
834276262	cone	V=1/3BH=1/3╥r^2H SA=╥r^2+╥r*l(slant height)	10
834276263	cross section	the intersection of the plane and the solid	11
834276264	volume	the number of cubic units contained in its interior (cm^3) V=s^3	12
834276265	density	the amount of matter than an object has in a given unit of volume density=mass/volume	13
834276266	population density	the measure f how many people live within a given area (city, country, or state) population density=number of people/area of land	14
834276267	surface area	the sum of the areas of the faces of a polyhedron or other solid	15
834276268	sphere	The set of all points in space equidistant from a given point called the center of the sphere V=4/3╥r^3 SA=4╥r^2	16
834276269	great circle	if a plane intersects a sphere the intersection is either a single point of a circle. If the plane contains the center of the sphere, then the intersection is a great circle of the sphere.	17
834276270	hemisphere	every great circle of a sphere separates the sphere into two congruent halves called hemispheres	18
834276271	similar solids	two solids of the same type with equal ratios of corresponding linear measures, such as heights or radii, are called similar solids. (If two similar solids have a scale factor of a:b, the corresponding areas have a ratio of a^2:b^2, and corresponding volumes have a ratio of a^3:b^3)	19
834276272	circumference	the distance around the circle C=2╥r=╥d	20
834276273	arc length	a portion of the circumference of a circle arc length of AB/2╥r=mAB/360° or Arc length of AB=mAB/360°*2╥r	21
834276274	area of a circle	A=╥r^2	22
834276275	sector of a circle	the region bounded by two radii of the circle and their intercepted arc area of sector APB/╥r^2=mAB/360° or Area of sector APB=mAB/360°*╥r^2	23
834276276	center of a polygon	the center of the circle	24
834276277	radius of a polygon	the radius of its circumscribed circle	25
834276278	apothem	the distance from the center to any side of the polygon. it is the height of the base of an isosceles triangle that has two radii as legs	26
834276279	central angle of a regular polygon	an angle formed by two radii drawn to consecutive vertices of the polygon. to find it divide 360° by the number of sides	27
834276280	circle	the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point (the center of the circle)	28
834276281	center	point where all points in a plane are equidistant from	29
834276282	radius	a segment whose endpoints are the center and any point on the circle	30
834276283	diameter	a chord that contains the center of the circle	31
834276284	chord	a segment whose endpoints are on the circle	32
834276285	secant	a line that intersects a circle in two points	33
834276286	tangent	a line in the plane of a circle that intersects the circle in exactly one point	34
834276287	central angle	an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle	35
834276288	minor arc	if m	36
834276289	major arc	The points on circle C that do not lie on minor arc AB form a major arc with endpoints A and B	37
834276290	semicircle	an arc with endpoints that are the endpoints of a diameter	38
834276291	congruent circles	Two circles are congruent circles if they have the same radius	39
834276292	concentric circles	objects share the same center, axis or origin	40
834276293	congruent arcs	two arcs that have the same measure and are arcs of the same circle or of congruent circles	41
834276294	inscribed angle	an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle	42
834276295	intercepted arc	The arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed angle and has endpoints on the angle is the intercepted arc of the angle	43
834276296	diagonal	a segment of a polygon that joins two nonconsecutive vertices	44
834276297	parallelogram	a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel	45
834276298	rhombus	a parallelogram with four congruent sides	46
834276299	rectangle	a parallelogram with four right angles	47
834276300	square	a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles	48
834276301	trapezoid	a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides (bases)	49
834276302	isosceles trapezoid	a trapezoid with congruent legs (not parallel)	50
834276303	midsegment of a trapezoid	a segment that connects the midpoints of its legs	51
834276304	kite	a quadrilateral that has two pairs of consecutive congruent sides, but opposite sides are not congruent	52
834276305	Pythagorean Theorem	in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs (a^2 + b^2 = c^2)	53
834276306	Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem	if the square of the length of the longest side of a triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides, then the triangle is a right triangle (If c^2=a^2+b^2, then triangle ABC is a right triangle)	54
834276307	Pythagorean triple	a set of three positive integers a, b, and c that satisfy the equation c^2=a^2+b^2. (3,4,5/ 5,12,13/ 7,24,25)	55
834276308	special right triangles	a right triangle where the relationships of the angles or ratios of sides of these special right triangles allows one to quickly calculate various lengths in geometric problems without resorting to more advanced methods.	56
834276309	45-45-90 Triangle Theorem	in a 45°-45°-90° triangle, the hypotenuse is √2 times as long as each leg	57
834276310	30-60-90 Triangle Theorem	in a 30°-60°-90° triangle, the hypotenuse is twice as long as the shorter leg, and the longer leg is √3 times as long as the shorter leg	58
834276311	geometric mean	for two positive numbers a and b, the positive number x that satisfies a/x=x/b. so, x^2=ab and x=√AB	59
834276312	dilation	a transformation that preserves angle measures and results in an image with lengths proportional to the preimage lengths.	60
834276313	scale factor	in a dilation, the ratio of a side length of the image to the corresponding side length of the original figure (similar polygons)	61
834276314	similar polygons	two polygons such that their corresponding angles are congruent and the lengths of corresponding sides are porportional	62
834276315	center of dilation	in a dilation, the fixed point about which the figure is enlarged or reduced	63
834276316	reduction	a dilation with a scale factor between 0 and 1	64
834276317	enlargement	a dilation with a scale factor greater than 1	65
834276318	midsegment of a triangle	a segment that connects the midpoints of two sides of the triangle (Every triangle has three midsegments.)	66
834276319	perpendicular bisector	a segment, ray, line, or plane that is perpendicular to a segment at its midpoint	67
834276320	median of a triangle	a segment for a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side	68
834276321	altitude of a triangle	the perpendicular segment from a vertex to the opposite side or to the line that contains the opposite side	69
834276322	equidistant	the same distance from one figure as from another figure	70
834276323	point of concurrency	the point of intersection of concurrent lines, rays, or segments	71
834276324	circumcenter	the point of concurrency of the three perpendicular bisectors a triangle	72
834276325	incenter	the point of concurrency of the three angle bisectors of triangle	73
834276326	orthocenter	the point at which the lines containing the three altitudes of a triangle intersect	74
834276327	centroid	the point of concurrency created by the three concurrent medians of a triangle inside the triangle	75
834276328	Hinge Theorem	If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, and the included angle of the first is larger than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first is longer than the third side of the second.	76

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Hearing Flashcards

Hearing- assessment skills
Acute and chronic otitis media
Meniere's disease
Hearing loss

Terms : Hide Images

1289962000	otoscopic examination	inspect tympanic membrane steady the hand to avoid inserting it too far auricle is grasped and pulled back to straighten canal tympanic membrane should be pearly grey note presence of fluid, bubbles, blood or masses free of cerumen - irrigate with warm water	0
1289962001	cerumen buildup is a common cause of	hearing loss and local irritation	1
1289962002	whisper test	exclude one ear from testing whispers 30 - 60 cm from nonocluded ear and out of pts sight two words or numbers with accented syllables pt repeats	2
1289962003	weber test normal conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss	use bone conduction to assess lateralization of sound tuning fork tapping it on knee or hand ad placed midline on pts head or forehead - will hear it in both ears or describe sound as in middle of head - hears the sound better in the affected ear (hearing loss) - hears the sound in the better hearing ear	3
1289962004	rinne test normal conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss	distinguishing between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing losses shifts stem of a vibrating tuning fork between two positions - mastoid bone and opening of ear canal when the tone is no longer heard the examiner shifts the tuning fork to the opening of the ear canal and asks the pt if the tone is audible - air conduction is audible longer than bone conduction - sound heard as long or longer in affected ear (hearing loss) - air conduction is audible longer than bone conduction in affected ear	4
1289962005	hearing screening	Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S) 5 min - 10 item questionnaire Assesses how the pt perceives the social and emotional effects of hearing If hearing is perceived as a problem they are more likely to accept testing and hearing devices The higher the score the greater the greater the handicapping effect of a hearing impairment Audiology referral if score 10 or more	5
1289962006	outer ear	responsible for collecting, conducting, and amplifying sound waves	6
1289962007	middle ear	functions include pressure equalization and amplification of sound waves	7
1289962008	inner ear	two main functions are hearing and equilibrium	8
1289962009	acute otitis media	acute infection of middle ear lasting less than 6 weeks	9
1289962010	causes of AOM	strep pneum, haem influenza, contaminated nasopharynx secretions	10
1289962011	manifestations of AOM	Unilateral pain in the ear. pain/pressure tinnitis (ringing) purulent exudate otalgia (ear ache or pain) otorrhea (drainage) fever / malaise otoscopic reslts - noral tympanic membrane - red and bulging	11
1289962012	medical management of AOM	can last 3 weeks to 3 months with persistent discharge Systemic antibiotics Analgesics Local heat Antipyretics Antihistamines Decongestants Myringotomy -	12
1289962013	Myringotomy	incision of tympanic membrane local anaesthetic painless less than 15 minutes heals within 24 - 72 hours appropriate antibiotic therapy	13
1289962014	chronic otitis media	repeated episodes of acute otitis media causing irreversible tissue and persistent perforation of tympanic membrane and osicles	14
1289962015	manifestations of COM	minimal degree of hearing loss persistent and foul smelling otorhea no pain cholesteatoma - ingrowth of the skin of external layer of eardrum into middle ear making a sac - may cause hearing loss, facial pain, paralysis, tinnitus, vertigo chronic mastoiditis	15
1289962016	medical management of COM	local treatment of chronic otitis media consists of careful suctioning of the ear under microscopic guidance antibiotic drops or powder for purulent discharge systemic antibiotics are usually not prescribed except in cases of acute infection	16
1289962017	mastoidectomy	to remove cholestatoma create dry and healthy ear through incision the facial nerve is at risk for injury (not a lot)	17
1289962018	nursing interventions for mastoidectomy	reduce anxiety - reinforce information - expected surgical result - prescribed analgesic taken for first 24 hours after surgery and then prn even though there may be minimal pain - a tympanoplasty may be performed after sx and may experience sharp, shooting pain for 2 to 3 weeks after - pressure dressing removed 24 - 48 hours after surgery - constant throbbing and fever - see doctor - prevent water from entering external canal for 6 weeks (cotton ball with petroleum jelly) - keep post auricle inciscion dry for 2 days - some normal serosanguinous drainage from canal is normal - report facial nerve weakness - avoid heavy lifting, nose blowing 3 weeks	18
1289962019	conductive hearing loss causes	- external ear disorder -an inability of the sound waves to reach the inner ear Cerumen Foreign body Perforation of TM Edema Tumors Infection Otosclerosis	19
1289962020	sensorineural hearing loss causes	damage to the cochlea or vestibulocochlear nerve - abnormality or disease of the inner ear or cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII Prolonged exposure to noise Presbycusis Ototoxic substances Meniere's Disease Acoustic Neuroma DM Infection	20
1289962021	NIHL	noise induced hearing loss Loss can be sudden, as with acoustic trauma from an explosion. More often a gradual onset that may go unnoticed. NIHL also known as noise induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS), typically takes years of exposure, gradual erosion of hearing that eventually affects communication. Risk of noise-induced progression stops if no longer in noise exposed, but aging invariably worsens loss For most, aging effects aren't significant before age 50+	21
1289962022	4ps NIHL	Painless Progressive Permanent Preventable	22
1289962023	conductive hearing loss manifestations	Obstruction Abnormal TM Person speaks softly Hearing best in noisy environment	23
1289962024	sensorineural hearing loss manifestations	N appearance tinnitus/dizziness person speaks loudly hearing best in quiet environment	24
1289962025	treatment of conductive hearing loss	temporary and/or treatable with antibiotics or surgery For those few people who have uncorrectable conductive hearing losses- hearing aids	25
1289962026	treatment of sensorineural hearing loss	occur in the inner ear and are almost always permanent and untreatable. Hearing aids will benefit most people with sensori-neural loss, but results can vary.	26
1289962027	Stapedectomy	Partial or complete stapedectomy with a prosthesis (otosclerosis) for conductive hearing loss	27
1289962028	Tympanoplasty	Reconstructs the middle ear to improve hearing from conductive loss for conductive hearing loss	28
1289962029	tympanoplasty preop	Systemic antibiotics Avoid sick people Initial hearing loss normal b/c of packing DB and light coughing	29
1289962030	Postop tympanoplasty	Packing in ear canal Head flat Operative ear up for at least 12h postop Antibiotics Communicate as with hearing impaired	30
1289962031	preop Stapedectomy	Systemic antibiotics Avoid sick people Initial hearing loss worse Risks Deafness, vertigo infection, facial nerve damage DB and light coughing	31
1289962032	postop tapedectomy	Improvement in hearing in 6wks (edema) Damage to cranial nerves VII, VIII and x Vertigo, N and V common Postop teaching	32
1289962033	Recovery from Ear Surgery	Avoid straining for BM/excessive coughing No straws x 2-3 wks No air travel x 2-3 wks Blow nose one side at a time with mouth open Keep ear dry /c cotton ball coated /c vaseline (change daily) Avoid rapid head mov't and bending over x 3 wks Report excessive ear drainage to MD Telecommunication for the deaf (TDD)	33
1290380676	merniers disease symptoms	that affects the inner ear. It causes attacks of dizziness (vertigo), nausea and vomiting, a feeling of fullness in the ear, hissing and roaring in the ears, and some hearing loss.	34
1290380677	cause of Ménière's disease	unknown. The symptoms are believed to be related to having too much fluid in the inner ear. possible blockge in endolymphatic duct	35
1290380678	medical management of menieres disease	most pts can be treated with diet and meds antihistamines diazepam for vertigo antiemetics diuretic therapy intake foods containing alot of potassium if the pt is taking a diuretic	36
1290380679	Diet for menieres disease	no aspirin containing meds limit foods high in salt and sugar eat meals and snacks at regular intervals no alcohol lots of water avoid MSG	37

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Hearing Flashcards

Hearing- assessment skills
Acute and chronic otitis media
Meniere's disease
Hearing loss

Terms : Hide Images

1289962000	otoscopic examination	inspect tympanic membrane steady the hand to avoid inserting it too far auricle is grasped and pulled back to straighten canal tympanic membrane should be pearly grey note presence of fluid, bubbles, blood or masses free of cerumen - irrigate with warm water	0
1289962001	cerumen buildup is a common cause of	hearing loss and local irritation	1
1289962002	whisper test	exclude one ear from testing whispers 30 - 60 cm from nonocluded ear and out of pts sight two words or numbers with accented syllables pt repeats	2
1289962003	weber test normal conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss	use bone conduction to assess lateralization of sound tuning fork tapping it on knee or hand ad placed midline on pts head or forehead - will hear it in both ears or describe sound as in middle of head - hears the sound better in the affected ear (hearing loss) - hears the sound in the better hearing ear	3
1289962004	rinne test normal conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss	distinguishing between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing losses shifts stem of a vibrating tuning fork between two positions - mastoid bone and opening of ear canal when the tone is no longer heard the examiner shifts the tuning fork to the opening of the ear canal and asks the pt if the tone is audible - air conduction is audible longer than bone conduction - sound heard as long or longer in affected ear (hearing loss) - air conduction is audible longer than bone conduction in affected ear	4
1289962005	hearing screening	Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S) 5 min - 10 item questionnaire Assesses how the pt perceives the social and emotional effects of hearing If hearing is perceived as a problem they are more likely to accept testing and hearing devices The higher the score the greater the greater the handicapping effect of a hearing impairment Audiology referral if score 10 or more	5
1289962006	outer ear	responsible for collecting, conducting, and amplifying sound waves	6
1289962007	middle ear	functions include pressure equalization and amplification of sound waves	7
1289962008	inner ear	two main functions are hearing and equilibrium	8
1289962009	acute otitis media	acute infection of middle ear lasting less than 6 weeks	9
1289962010	causes of AOM	strep pneum, haem influenza, contaminated nasopharynx secretions	10
1289962011	manifestations of AOM	Unilateral pain in the ear. pain/pressure tinnitis (ringing) purulent exudate otalgia (ear ache or pain) otorrhea (drainage) fever / malaise otoscopic reslts - noral tympanic membrane - red and bulging	11
1289962012	medical management of AOM	can last 3 weeks to 3 months with persistent discharge Systemic antibiotics Analgesics Local heat Antipyretics Antihistamines Decongestants Myringotomy -	12
1289962013	Myringotomy	incision of tympanic membrane local anaesthetic painless less than 15 minutes heals within 24 - 72 hours appropriate antibiotic therapy	13
1289962014	chronic otitis media	repeated episodes of acute otitis media causing irreversible tissue and persistent perforation of tympanic membrane and osicles	14
1289962015	manifestations of COM	minimal degree of hearing loss persistent and foul smelling otorhea no pain cholesteatoma - ingrowth of the skin of external layer of eardrum into middle ear making a sac - may cause hearing loss, facial pain, paralysis, tinnitus, vertigo chronic mastoiditis	15
1289962016	medical management of COM	local treatment of chronic otitis media consists of careful suctioning of the ear under microscopic guidance antibiotic drops or powder for purulent discharge systemic antibiotics are usually not prescribed except in cases of acute infection	16
1289962017	mastoidectomy	to remove cholestatoma create dry and healthy ear through incision the facial nerve is at risk for injury (not a lot)	17
1289962018	nursing interventions for mastoidectomy	reduce anxiety - reinforce information - expected surgical result - prescribed analgesic taken for first 24 hours after surgery and then prn even though there may be minimal pain - a tympanoplasty may be performed after sx and may experience sharp, shooting pain for 2 to 3 weeks after - pressure dressing removed 24 - 48 hours after surgery - constant throbbing and fever - see doctor - prevent water from entering external canal for 6 weeks (cotton ball with petroleum jelly) - keep post auricle inciscion dry for 2 days - some normal serosanguinous drainage from canal is normal - report facial nerve weakness - avoid heavy lifting, nose blowing 3 weeks	18
1289962019	conductive hearing loss causes	- external ear disorder -an inability of the sound waves to reach the inner ear Cerumen Foreign body Perforation of TM Edema Tumors Infection Otosclerosis	19
1289962020	sensorineural hearing loss causes	damage to the cochlea or vestibulocochlear nerve - abnormality or disease of the inner ear or cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII Prolonged exposure to noise Presbycusis Ototoxic substances Meniere's Disease Acoustic Neuroma DM Infection	20
1289962021	NIHL	noise induced hearing loss Loss can be sudden, as with acoustic trauma from an explosion. More often a gradual onset that may go unnoticed. NIHL also known as noise induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS), typically takes years of exposure, gradual erosion of hearing that eventually affects communication. Risk of noise-induced progression stops if no longer in noise exposed, but aging invariably worsens loss For most, aging effects aren't significant before age 50+	21
1289962022	4ps NIHL	Painless Progressive Permanent Preventable	22
1289962023	conductive hearing loss manifestations	Obstruction Abnormal TM Person speaks softly Hearing best in noisy environment	23
1289962024	sensorineural hearing loss manifestations	N appearance tinnitus/dizziness person speaks loudly hearing best in quiet environment	24
1289962025	treatment of conductive hearing loss	temporary and/or treatable with antibiotics or surgery For those few people who have uncorrectable conductive hearing losses- hearing aids	25
1289962026	treatment of sensorineural hearing loss	occur in the inner ear and are almost always permanent and untreatable. Hearing aids will benefit most people with sensori-neural loss, but results can vary.	26
1289962027	Stapedectomy	Partial or complete stapedectomy with a prosthesis (otosclerosis) for conductive hearing loss	27
1289962028	Tympanoplasty	Reconstructs the middle ear to improve hearing from conductive loss for conductive hearing loss	28
1289962029	tympanoplasty preop	Systemic antibiotics Avoid sick people Initial hearing loss normal b/c of packing DB and light coughing	29
1289962030	Postop tympanoplasty	Packing in ear canal Head flat Operative ear up for at least 12h postop Antibiotics Communicate as with hearing impaired	30
1289962031	preop Stapedectomy	Systemic antibiotics Avoid sick people Initial hearing loss worse Risks Deafness, vertigo infection, facial nerve damage DB and light coughing	31
1289962032	postop tapedectomy	Improvement in hearing in 6wks (edema) Damage to cranial nerves VII, VIII and x Vertigo, N and V common Postop teaching	32
1289962033	Recovery from Ear Surgery	Avoid straining for BM/excessive coughing No straws x 2-3 wks No air travel x 2-3 wks Blow nose one side at a time with mouth open Keep ear dry /c cotton ball coated /c vaseline (change daily) Avoid rapid head mov't and bending over x 3 wks Report excessive ear drainage to MD Telecommunication for the deaf (TDD)	33
1290380676	merniers disease symptoms	that affects the inner ear. It causes attacks of dizziness (vertigo), nausea and vomiting, a feeling of fullness in the ear, hissing and roaring in the ears, and some hearing loss.	34
1290380677	cause of Ménière's disease	unknown. The symptoms are believed to be related to having too much fluid in the inner ear. possible blockge in endolymphatic duct	35
1290380678	medical management of menieres disease	most pts can be treated with diet and meds antihistamines diazepam for vertigo antiemetics diuretic therapy intake foods containing alot of potassium if the pt is taking a diuretic	36
1290380679	Diet for menieres disease	no aspirin containing meds limit foods high in salt and sugar eat meals and snacks at regular intervals no alcohol lots of water avoid MSG	37

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Hearing Flashcards

Hearing- assessment skills
Acute and chronic otitis media
Meniere's disease
Hearing loss

Terms : Hide Images

1289962000	otoscopic examination	inspect tympanic membrane steady the hand to avoid inserting it too far auricle is grasped and pulled back to straighten canal tympanic membrane should be pearly grey note presence of fluid, bubbles, blood or masses free of cerumen - irrigate with warm water	0
1289962001	cerumen buildup is a common cause of	hearing loss and local irritation	1
1289962002	whisper test	exclude one ear from testing whispers 30 - 60 cm from nonocluded ear and out of pts sight two words or numbers with accented syllables pt repeats	2
1289962003	weber test normal conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss	use bone conduction to assess lateralization of sound tuning fork tapping it on knee or hand ad placed midline on pts head or forehead - will hear it in both ears or describe sound as in middle of head - hears the sound better in the affected ear (hearing loss) - hears the sound in the better hearing ear	3
1289962004	rinne test normal conductive hearing loss sensorineural hearing loss	distinguishing between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing losses shifts stem of a vibrating tuning fork between two positions - mastoid bone and opening of ear canal when the tone is no longer heard the examiner shifts the tuning fork to the opening of the ear canal and asks the pt if the tone is audible - air conduction is audible longer than bone conduction - sound heard as long or longer in affected ear (hearing loss) - air conduction is audible longer than bone conduction in affected ear	4
1289962005	hearing screening	Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S) 5 min - 10 item questionnaire Assesses how the pt perceives the social and emotional effects of hearing If hearing is perceived as a problem they are more likely to accept testing and hearing devices The higher the score the greater the greater the handicapping effect of a hearing impairment Audiology referral if score 10 or more	5
1289962006	outer ear	responsible for collecting, conducting, and amplifying sound waves	6
1289962007	middle ear	functions include pressure equalization and amplification of sound waves	7
1289962008	inner ear	two main functions are hearing and equilibrium	8
1289962009	acute otitis media	acute infection of middle ear lasting less than 6 weeks	9
1289962010	causes of AOM	strep pneum, haem influenza, contaminated nasopharynx secretions	10
1289962011	manifestations of AOM	Unilateral pain in the ear. pain/pressure tinnitis (ringing) purulent exudate otalgia (ear ache or pain) otorrhea (drainage) fever / malaise otoscopic reslts - noral tympanic membrane - red and bulging	11
1289962012	medical management of AOM	can last 3 weeks to 3 months with persistent discharge Systemic antibiotics Analgesics Local heat Antipyretics Antihistamines Decongestants Myringotomy -	12
1289962013	Myringotomy	incision of tympanic membrane local anaesthetic painless less than 15 minutes heals within 24 - 72 hours appropriate antibiotic therapy	13
1289962014	chronic otitis media	repeated episodes of acute otitis media causing irreversible tissue and persistent perforation of tympanic membrane and osicles	14
1289962015	manifestations of COM	minimal degree of hearing loss persistent and foul smelling otorhea no pain cholesteatoma - ingrowth of the skin of external layer of eardrum into middle ear making a sac - may cause hearing loss, facial pain, paralysis, tinnitus, vertigo chronic mastoiditis	15
1289962016	medical management of COM	local treatment of chronic otitis media consists of careful suctioning of the ear under microscopic guidance antibiotic drops or powder for purulent discharge systemic antibiotics are usually not prescribed except in cases of acute infection	16
1289962017	mastoidectomy	to remove cholestatoma create dry and healthy ear through incision the facial nerve is at risk for injury (not a lot)	17
1289962018	nursing interventions for mastoidectomy	reduce anxiety - reinforce information - expected surgical result - prescribed analgesic taken for first 24 hours after surgery and then prn even though there may be minimal pain - a tympanoplasty may be performed after sx and may experience sharp, shooting pain for 2 to 3 weeks after - pressure dressing removed 24 - 48 hours after surgery - constant throbbing and fever - see doctor - prevent water from entering external canal for 6 weeks (cotton ball with petroleum jelly) - keep post auricle inciscion dry for 2 days - some normal serosanguinous drainage from canal is normal - report facial nerve weakness - avoid heavy lifting, nose blowing 3 weeks	18
1289962019	conductive hearing loss causes	- external ear disorder -an inability of the sound waves to reach the inner ear Cerumen Foreign body Perforation of TM Edema Tumors Infection Otosclerosis	19
1289962020	sensorineural hearing loss causes	damage to the cochlea or vestibulocochlear nerve - abnormality or disease of the inner ear or cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII Prolonged exposure to noise Presbycusis Ototoxic substances Meniere's Disease Acoustic Neuroma DM Infection	20
1289962021	NIHL	noise induced hearing loss Loss can be sudden, as with acoustic trauma from an explosion. More often a gradual onset that may go unnoticed. NIHL also known as noise induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS), typically takes years of exposure, gradual erosion of hearing that eventually affects communication. Risk of noise-induced progression stops if no longer in noise exposed, but aging invariably worsens loss For most, aging effects aren't significant before age 50+	21
1289962022	4ps NIHL	Painless Progressive Permanent Preventable	22
1289962023	conductive hearing loss manifestations	Obstruction Abnormal TM Person speaks softly Hearing best in noisy environment	23
1289962024	sensorineural hearing loss manifestations	N appearance tinnitus/dizziness person speaks loudly hearing best in quiet environment	24
1289962025	treatment of conductive hearing loss	temporary and/or treatable with antibiotics or surgery For those few people who have uncorrectable conductive hearing losses- hearing aids	25
1289962026	treatment of sensorineural hearing loss	occur in the inner ear and are almost always permanent and untreatable. Hearing aids will benefit most people with sensori-neural loss, but results can vary.	26
1289962027	Stapedectomy	Partial or complete stapedectomy with a prosthesis (otosclerosis) for conductive hearing loss	27
1289962028	Tympanoplasty	Reconstructs the middle ear to improve hearing from conductive loss for conductive hearing loss	28
1289962029	tympanoplasty preop	Systemic antibiotics Avoid sick people Initial hearing loss normal b/c of packing DB and light coughing	29
1289962030	Postop tympanoplasty	Packing in ear canal Head flat Operative ear up for at least 12h postop Antibiotics Communicate as with hearing impaired	30
1289962031	preop Stapedectomy	Systemic antibiotics Avoid sick people Initial hearing loss worse Risks Deafness, vertigo infection, facial nerve damage DB and light coughing	31
1289962032	postop tapedectomy	Improvement in hearing in 6wks (edema) Damage to cranial nerves VII, VIII and x Vertigo, N and V common Postop teaching	32
1289962033	Recovery from Ear Surgery	Avoid straining for BM/excessive coughing No straws x 2-3 wks No air travel x 2-3 wks Blow nose one side at a time with mouth open Keep ear dry /c cotton ball coated /c vaseline (change daily) Avoid rapid head mov't and bending over x 3 wks Report excessive ear drainage to MD Telecommunication for the deaf (TDD)	33
1290380676	merniers disease symptoms	that affects the inner ear. It causes attacks of dizziness (vertigo), nausea and vomiting, a feeling of fullness in the ear, hissing and roaring in the ears, and some hearing loss.	34
1290380677	cause of Ménière's disease	unknown. The symptoms are believed to be related to having too much fluid in the inner ear. possible blockge in endolymphatic duct	35
1290380678	medical management of menieres disease	most pts can be treated with diet and meds antihistamines diazepam for vertigo antiemetics diuretic therapy intake foods containing alot of potassium if the pt is taking a diuretic	36
1290380679	Diet for menieres disease	no aspirin containing meds limit foods high in salt and sugar eat meals and snacks at regular intervals no alcohol lots of water avoid MSG	37

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WW1 Flashcards

words that relate to WW1

Terms : Hide Images

575209071	Central Powers	Military alliance during WW1 consisting of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire	0
575209072	U-Boat	German Submarine	1
575209073	Lusitania	British passenger liner sunk by German U-boat	2
575213423	New Weapons	Tanks, poison gas, airplanes, machine guns	3
575213424	Women's roles	Took over jobs of men at war; volunteered at war hospitals	4
575213425	Armistice	Was signed Nov. 11, 1918 at 11am to cease fire	5
576438324	Labor Problems	Due to the draft there was a lack of European immigration and the union struck short of labor	6
576438325	David Loyd George	British Prime minister that didn't show generosity toward Germans or give up navel supremacy against Wilson's plan	7
576438326	Selective Service Act	1917 required men from 21 to 30 to register with the local draft boards in hope to bring together different backrounds	8
576438327	Battle of Marne	Marked the first turning point in the war, Germany lost a quick victory	9
576438328	Treaty of Versailles	Ended WW1, German colonies and the Ottoman Empire divided among allied nations as specific in spoils of war treaty; creation of league of nations	10
580707519	Imperialism	Building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world	11
580707520	Isolationism	Avoiding involvement in other country affairs	12
580707521	Militarism	The glorification of the military	13
580707522	Trench Warfare	Soldiers fire on one another from opposing lines of dugout trenches	14
580707523	Alliance System	Germany formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary	15
580707524	Archeduke Franz Ferdinand	Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne	16
580707525	War Spark	Austria-Hungary accused government of Serbia of supporting terrorism	17
580707526	June 28, 1914	Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia	18
580707527	August 1,1914	Germany declares war on Russia	19
580707528	August 4, 1914	Great Britain declares war on Germany	20
580707529	Propaganda	The spread of information designed to win support for a cause	21
580707530	Technology	Made war more lethal	22
580707531	140 Nations	Agreed to ban the use of chemical weapons in war in 1925	23
580707532	Woodrow Wilson	Tried to keep the US out of the war and issued the proclamation of strict and impartial neutrality	24

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WW2 Flashcards

economy/government terms during WW2
leaders during WW2
causes of WW2

Terms : Hide Images

2157736351	economy	a system of wealth	0
2157736352	goverment	group of people who run a country	1
2157736353	capitalism	free market system; people own their own businesses decide prices, and make money for themselves	2
2157736355	communism	goverment controls the economy inculuding essential and nonessential industries. citizens are provided with goods and services(no cost)	3
2157736356	democracy	citizens vote for people to vote on issues for them	4
2157736358	dictatorship	a government controlled by one person who usually comes to power by force and contorls all aspects od society	5
2157736359	fascism	a form of dictatorship; its goal is to create a new empire and use militerism to gain and keep control	6
2157736360	Axis Powers	italy, germany, japan	7
2157736361	Bentio Mussolin	father of fascism wanted to recreate the roman empire *Italy leader	8
2157736362	Adolf Hitler	Creates a fascist goverment taking away rights to jews wanted to create a german empire leader of the nazis party	9
2157736363	Emperor Hirohito	wanted a empire to supply themself thought japanese were superior *leader of japan	10
2157736364	winston churchill	know for his speeches leader of england, great britain, untied kingdom	11
2157736368	joseph stalin	signs non-aggression pack with germany soviet union/USSR leader	12
2157736369	Allied Powers	Britain, France, US, Soviet Union	13
2157736370	causes of WW2	treaty of versailles great depression rise of fascism in Germany and Italy leauge of nations failure	14
2157736371	FDR	president during great depression help allies by selling war materials *asked congress to declare war after pearl harbor	15
2157780592	V-E Day	The day the germans surrendered	16
2157781753	Truman	Took over office after President Roosevelt and gave the order to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Helped form the United Nations.	17
2157865913	rationing	The government introduced this because certain things were in short supply during the war, and this was the only way to make sure everyone got their fair share.	18
2182883689	Iwo Jima	major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island from the Japanese Empire during World War II	19
2182898527	D-Day	The largest seaborne invasion in history, the operation began the invasion of German-occupied western Europe and contributed to an Allied victory in the war. AKA the Normandy landings	20
2182939764	Rosie the Riveter	a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II	21
2182943574	Tuskegee Airmen	a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II	22

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Common Strong Acids and Bases AP CHEM Flashcards

Common Strong Acids and Bases AP CHEM

Terms : Hide Images

1749322040	HCl (hydrochloric)	Strong Acid	0
1749322041	HBr (hydrobromic)	Strong Acid	1
1749322042	HI (hydroiodic)	Strong Acid	2
1749322043	HClO3 (chloric)	Strong Acid	3
1749322044	HClO4 (perchloric)	Strong Acid	4
1749322045	HNO3 (nitric)	Strong Acid	5
1749322046	H2SO4 (Sulfuric)	Strong Acid	6
1749322047	Group 1A Metal Hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH)	Strong Base	7
1749322048	Heavy Group 2A metal hydroxides [Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2]	Strong Base	8
1807150790	HClO2	weak acid	9

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