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APUSH Periods 1 and 2 Flashcards

Here are some key terms that you need to know about Periods 1 and 2 in APUSH. GOOD LUCK!

1708143483	pueblo	a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States	0
1708143485	Cahokia	A trading center, where Indians lived, around what is now St.Louis. It held 40,000 Native Americans at its peak in 1200 AD	1
1708143486	Christopher Columbus	Spain sent him to find a route to the East Indies where he accidentally discovered the New World or Americas in 1492.	2
1708143488	Black Legend	Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit (even though they erected an empire, crafted culture, laws, religion, and language)	3
1708143489	Bartolomé de Las Casas	Priest who spoke out against the mistreatment and slavery of Indians. Brought up idea of African slaves spurring the slave trade. He apologizes for this evil in his writing published 300 years later.	4
1708143490	encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers.	5
1708143491	joint-stock companies	An economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment. They share in a companies wins and losses.	6
1708143492	enclosure	One of the fenced-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers	7
1713266496	primogeniture	A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land.	8
1715143342	John Smith	English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia	9
1715143346	House of Burgesses	the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative government that modeled other colonial governments in the south	10
1715143351	Anne Hutchinson	Believed in something called antinomianism (vs. law) against the church. Questioned why people should obey laws of God or men if your fate was pre decided (predestination)	11
1715143352	Roger Williams	Religious dissenter Separatist who believed state and religion should be separate. He was banished. Created a baptist church in with freedom of religion in Rhode Island(he founded RI)	12
1715143354	Sir Edmund Andros	Authoritarian governor of Dominion of New England until rebellion and forced exile to England. Policies completely contradicted and offended the puritans	13
1715143357	predestination	Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's fate	14
1715143358	"visible saints"	in Calvinism, those who publicly proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expected to lead godly lives., according to Puritans, only these individuals should be admitted to church membership	15
1715143361	Calvinism	Believed in predestination and helped the protestant work ethic. Religious ideas of John Calvin	16
1715143362	Navigation Laws	A series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies, started in 1651. All items must come to England before going to the Americas and beyond	17
1715143363	Puritans	A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. A group of Anglicans	18
1715143364	Mayflower Compact	1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.	19
1715143366	"city upon a hill"	name for Massachusetts Bay Colony coined by Winthrop to describe how their colony should serve as a model of excellence for future generations	20
1715527879	mercantalism	Economic system of trading nations; belief that a nation's power was directly related to its wealth	21
1715527880	King Philip's War	violent war of English Puritans versus the Indians	22
1715527881	Quakers	English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania. Would quake at the word of the Lord	23
1715527883	indentured servitude	person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to america.	24
1715527884	Bacon's Rebellion	An uprising where Nathaniel Bacon and friends chase Governor William Berkley out of Jamestown for having close ties with the Indians. Indians are also attacked	25
1715527885	headright system	Encouraged importation of servants- gave 50 acres of land per servant to master	26
1715527886	middle passage	A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.	27
1715527887	half-way covenant	A Puritan church document; In 1662 allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.	28
1715527889	Great Awakening	Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.	29
1715527890	Jonathon Edwards	He was a powerful preacher during Great Awakening. His message was of hell and an angry god. He gave gripping sermons about sin and the torments of hell, writing "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."	30
1715527891	George Whitfield	English preacher who led the Great Awakening by traveling through the colonies	31
1715527892	John Peter Zenger	1735 Printer of NY Weekly Journal who was acquitted of the crime of seditious libel after his paper sharply criticized Gov. William Cosby	32
1715527894	Triangular trade	A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa	33
1715527899	French and Indian War	(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.	34
1715527900	William Pitt	The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war.	35
1715527901	Congress of Albany	7 colonies who had daily meetings to discuss defensive measures vs. the French and relations w/ Indians	36
1715527902	Proclamation of 1763	A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.	37
1715527905	Treaty of Paris (1763)	Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain.	38
2086650137	Iroquois	confederation of native americans in the mid 15th century	39

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APUSH 1-4 Flashcards

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87888262	Mound Building Cultures	In the Eastern Woodland tribes, the Adena, Hopewell, and Mississipian groups are also referred to as mound-builder groups. The Adena and Hopewell cultures developed along the Ohio River, while Mississipians lived in the entire Mississippi valley. They primarily built burial grounds with grave goods. This refers to the prehistoric inhabitants of North America who constructed different styles of earthen mounds for burial, residential, and ceremonial purposes. They primarily built burial grounds with grave goods	0
87888263	Iroquois Confederacy	They are one of the longer lasting tribes of the Native Americans, and even lasted to have contact with Europe. They developed a model democratic society based on a constitution that other tribes agreed to follow. They were a confederation of six tribes. Their constitution outlined how decisions would be made and how tribes interacted with each other; it was orally passed down and people were assigned to memorize it. This tribe was located by New York and New Jersey. The five original tribes were Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Layuga, Ondndaga who were all united by war with each other and then decided to resolve their differences by making the constitution. The Tuscadora tribe later joined. The Grand Council of the People of the Longhouse decided major solutions. They were a matreorical society, the women were highly respected. Women ran clans and appointed the council. The men were hunger- gatherers (Hunted mostly deer) and women were mostly farmers (corn, squash, beans, ext) and also managed the village.	1
87888264	Anasazi	A fast growing society that stripped a magnificently forested region in their search for firewood and building materials. This resulting soil destruction impoverished the region for them. They developed a lazy village life thousands of years before the Spanish arrived. The Spanish referred to them as "Pueblo" people. They developed planned villages composed of large, terraced, multistoried buildings, each with many rooms and often constructed on defensive sites that would ensure their protection form northern enemies (they lived in the south). By the time the Spanish got to America, this tribe was using irrigation canals, damns, and hillside terracing to water their dry maize fields. Pueblo society resembled peasant communities in parts of Europe because they both had similar agricultural techniques, skills in ceramics, use of woven textiles for clothing, and village life.	2
87888265	Columbian Exchange	Deadly bacterias, animals, and plants crossed the Atlantic with the Spaniards as they conquered the Americas and with them came an altered ecosystem and transformed landscape. Spanish ships brought over many European foods that were soon incorporated into Native American diets and animals that multiplied so quickly they stripped away plant life causing topsoil erosion and eventually desertification. Both cultures experienced epidemic with new diseases, but European culture did benefit from the flora and fauna of the Americans.	3
87888266	Treaty of Tordesillas	This was an agreement, made by Pope Alexander V, that divided lands between Spain and Portugal, confirming Portugal's right to the Eastern route and Spain to the western side. It seemed as though Portugal had the better end of the bargain, until the Spanish explored the rest of South America.	4
87888267	Joint Stock Company	An early kind of modern corporation that sold shares of stock and used the combined capital to supply overseas expeditions operated by the Virginia Company of London under a charter from James I. Although the kings charter began with a concern for bringing Christian religion to the native people who were known as ignorant. Seeking occupational diversity, the Virginia Company sent French silk artisans, Italian glassmakers, and Polish potash burners. They poured more money and settlers to Jamestown, many were indentured servants. The company offered 50 acres of land to anyone paying for a journey to Virginia.	5
87888268	Middle Passage	The route that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America. This voyage harmed and demoralized the Africans heading to the New World for forced labor. European traders often branded the African slaves with a hot iron to indicate which company had claimed them. Slaves often killed themselves by jumping off the boat or starving themselves. The passage usually took 4 to 8 weeks and one in seven captives died.	6
87888269	Indentured Servitude	Many settlers traveled to America enticed with promises of free land after seven years of labor for the company. Most of Vriginia's tobacco planters found a reliable source of cheap labor in them. They willingly sold years of their working lives in exchange for free passages to America. Most were male and between the ages of 15 and 24 yeras old. Almost all came from the lower social ladder. Only about one in 20 of these people saw freedom. If diseases did not kill them they often died from brutal working conditions. Because the upper class ruled the courts, they usually found ways to keep indentured servants working for longer. They proved the best way to meet the demand for labor during most of the 17th century. They were often sold like slaves or horses. The population of these people grew faster then the number of enslaved Africans in the northern colonies.	7
87888270	Bacon's Rebellion	Nathaniel Bacon and other Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia's governor Berkley for trying to appease the indians after they attacked the Chesapeake settlement and were given rights to territories beyond their limits. Land hunger and dissatisfaction with declining tobacco prices, rising taxes, and lack of opportunities led to rebellion. Bacon attacked Native Americans because Berkley refused to punish their actions; Berkley proclaimed Bacon as a rebel. Hatred of Native Americans and hopes of land ownership and independence became a permanent feature of Virginia life. The war relieved much of the social tension among white Virginias. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died.	8
87888271	Anne Hutchinson	A religious rebel whose ideas provoked intense religious and political crisis in Massachusetts. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the heresy of Antinomianism, a belief that the truly saved were not bound to laws of man or clergy members. She was latter expelled, with her family and followers.	9
87888272	Roger Williams	He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and clashed with the Puritans on the issue of church and state so he was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.	10
87888273	King Philip's War	A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.	11
87888274	French North America	Run by the absolute power as trading area, but was thinly populated because French state couldn't get people migrate; most people hunters, missionaries, and explorers.	12
87888275	William Penn	A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution, after receiving the charter from Charles II.	13
87888276	Pope's Rebellion	An Indian uprising in 1680 where Pueblo rebels, in an attempt to resist Catholicism and Europeans all together, destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed scores of priests and hundreds of Spanish settlers.	14
87888277	Salem Witchcraft Trials	In Massachusetts, there was an accusation of brief outbreak of witchcraft in the community of Salem, which turned into a bloody battle. It started off with the initail accusation agains three older women but quickly multiplied and within weeks dozens had been charged.	15
87888278	Puritans v.s. Separatists	Two Protestant groups that settled in the Massachusetts area. Puritans: They wanted to purify the Anglican church from Roman Catholic ideas. Separatists: These Pilgrims did not want to convert a sinful world, but rather wanted to be left alone to realize their radical vision of a pure and primitive life.	16
87888279	Great Awakening	Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. It encouraged independent thought and missionary work but undermined older clergy while creating schisms. It led to the founding of new schools.	17
87888280	Whig Ideology	This body of thought, inherited by England, rested on the belief that intense power was the historical enemy of freedom. Too much power lodged in any person or group produced corruption and tyranny. The best defense against this was a balanced government, elected legislatures who checked executive authority, and people watching their leaders for signs of corruption.	18
87888281	Leisler's Rebellion	Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King James II. When he heard the news of the Glorious revolution he removed the officials. His rebellion eventually fell apart and him and his son were executed. After this, New York was split for decades between Leislerites and royal supporters. It was one of the first attempts to show the colonies would put up with increased royal control.	19
87888282	Trial of Peter Zenger	He was a printer, publisher, editor, and journalist in New York. He was charged for inciting people to rebel and misleading accusations agains the governor. His trial was important to the development of freedom of the press. It helped clarify the beliefs of early Colonial life and lay groundwork for the responsibilities of the media and government in a democracy.	20
87888283	Dominion of New England	The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor. It ended when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.	21

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APUSH Chapter 30: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Flashcards

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2018829725	Election of 1912	- Woodrow Wilson (democrat)- campaigned for small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets. Shunned social welfare proposals and pinned their economic faith on competition -Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive Republican)- he felt as "strong as a bull moose", favored continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions, campaigned for woman suffrage and a broad program of social welfare. -William Howard Taft (Republican) -Roosevelt's Progressive Party soon died out due to lack of officials elected to state and local offices.	0
2018829726	Woodrow Wilson	believed the President should play a dynamic role, convinced that Congress could not function properly unless the president provided leadership	1
2018829727	"Triple Wall of Privilege"	-the tariff, the banks, the trusts (Wilson)	2
2018829728	The Tariff	Congress, moved, passed the Underwood Tariff Bill and enacted a gradual income tax	3
2018829729	The Banks	-June 1913, president appeared again, endorsed Democratic proposals for a decentralized bank in government hands -signed the Federal Reserve Act- The new Federal Reserve Board, appointed by the president, oversaw a nationwide system of 12 regional Federal Reserve banks, guaranteed a substantial level of public control, empowered to issue paper money, Federal Reserve Notes, backed by commercial paper. -the amount of money in circulation could be increased as needed for the requirements of business.	4
2018829730	The Trusts	-1914, appeared once more -Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914- empowered a presidentially appointed commission to turn a searchlight on industries engaged in interstate commerce. -Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914- price discrimination and interlocking directorates, conferred long-overdue benefits on labor, sought to exempt labor and agricultural organizations from antitrust prosecution.	5
2018829731	Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916	-made credit available to farmers at low rates of interest	6
2018829732	Warehouse Act of 1916	-authorized loans on the security of staple crops	7
2018829733	La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915	-required decent treatment and a living wage on American merchant ships	8
2018829734	Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916	-granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability	9
2018829735	Adamson Act of 1916	-established an eight-hour day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay overtime	10
2018829736	Wilson's repeal	-persuaded Congress in 1914 to repeal the Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912, which had exempted American coastal shipping from tolls -He also signed the Jones Act in 1916, which granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a stable government could be established.	11
2018829737	Political turmoil in Haiti	-political turmoil broke out in Haiti in 1915, Wilson dispatched marines to protect American lives and property -In 1916, he signed a treaty with Haiti providing for U.S. supervision of finances and the police -In 1917, Wilson purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark.	12
2018829738	Mexican Revolution (1913)	-president murdered and replaced with General Victoriano Huerta -Because of the chaos in Mexico, millions of Spanish-speaking immigrants came to America. -Francisco Villa, rival to President Carranza, attempted to provoke a war between Mexico and the U.S by killing Americans. -Wilson, rather, ordered General John J. Perishing to break up Villa's band of outlaws. The invading American army was withdrawn from Mexico in 1917 as the threat of war with Germany loomed.	13
2018829739	World War I (1914)	-sparked when the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was murdered by a Serb patriot. An outraged Vienna government, backed by Germany, presented an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia, backed by Russia, refused to budge. Russia began to mobilize its army, alarming Germany on the east, and France confronted Germany on the west. Germany struck at France first and the fighting began. -Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria -The Allies: France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy.	14
2018829740	Neutrality Proclamation	-Wilson called on Americans to be neutral in thought as well as deed. -Most Americans were anti-German -Yet most were against the war	15
2018829741	America's gains	-American industry prospered off trade with the Allies. -Germany and the Central Powers protested American trading with the Allies, although America wasn't breaking the international neutrality laws- Germany was free to trade with the U.S., but Britain prevented this trade by controlling the Atlantic Ocean by which Germany had to cross in order to trade with the U.S.	16
2018829742	Lusitania	-In 1915, several months after Germany started to use submarines in the war, one of Germany's submarines sunk the British liner Lusitania, killing 128 Americans.	17
2018829743	Arabic	-When Germany sunk another British liner, the Arabic, in 1915, Berlin agreed to not sink unarmed passenger ships without warning.	18
2018829744	Sussex	-Germany continued to sink innocent ships as apparent when one of its submarines sank a French passenger steamer, the Sussex. President Wilson informed the Germans that unless they renounced the inhuman practice of sinking merchant ships without warning, he would break diplomatic relations, leading to war. -Sussex pledge: the United States would have to persuade the Allies to modify what Berlin regarded as their illegal blockade. -Wilson accepted the Germany pledge, without accepting the "string" of additions.	19
2018829745	Election of 1916	-Wilson runs again (Democrat) -Charles E. Hughes (Republican) -Wilson wins by a landslide	20
2018829746	herbert croley	believed the government should be activist in favor of the welfare of everyone.	21
2018829747	eugene debs	several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.	22
2018829748	Arsene pujo	was a member of the United States House of Representatives best known for chairing the "Pujo Committee", which sought to expose an anticompetitive conspiracy among some of the nation's most powerful financial interests.	23
2018829749	louis Brandeis	A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.	24
2018829750	Pancho villa	A Mexican peasant rebel leader who sought to overthrow the Mexican government and stop Venustiano Carranza from taking it over first, gathering an army in Northern Mexico and, in anger at President Wilson's support of Carranza, eventually terrorized Americans in Mexico and burned Columbus, New Mexico.	25
2018829751	pershing	He was a U.S. General who led the landings in France in huge numbers; was an American general who led troops against "Pancho" Villa in 1916. He took on the Meuse-Argonne offensive in 1918	26
2018829752	Kaiser willhelm	leader of Germany at the time of WWI	27
2018841844	new nationalism	1912: Theodore Roosevelt's program in his campaign for the presidency, the New Nationalism called for a national approach to the country's affairs and a strong president to deal with them. It also called for efficiency in government and society; it urged protection of children, women, and workers; accepted "good" trusts; and exalted the expert and the executive. Additionally, it encouraged large concentrations of capital and labor.	28
2018841845	new freedom	Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.	29

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APUSH Chapter 30 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad Flashcards

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1299590822	Bull Moose (688)	nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912	0
1299590823	New Nationalism (688)	Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice	1
1299590824	New Freedom (688)	Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.	2
1299590825	Underwood Tariff (691)	Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax	3
1299590826	The Federal Reserve Act (692)	Set up as system of federal banks and gave the government the power to raise or lower intrest rates and control the money supply	4
1299590827	Federal Trade Commision Act (692)	A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy	5
1299590828	Clayton Anti-Trust Act (692)	New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions.	6
1299590829	The Federal Farm Loan Act (693)	1916; Made it so farm owners could get loans at better rates but if they could not pay them off the bank/ government would intervene.	7
1299590830	Warehouse Act (693)	1916 act that authorized loans on the security of staple crops, another populist idea.	8
1299590831	Workingmen's Compensation Act (693)	Passed in 1916 and also known as the Ken-McGillicuddy Act, the Act established the system of compensation to federal service employees for wages lost due to job-related injuries. This Act was the predecessor to broad-coverage health insurance and "Disability Insurance".	9
1299590832	Louis D. Brandeis (693)	A prominent reformer and Attorney in "Muller vs Oregon" (1908) that persuaded Supreme Court to accept constitutionality of laws protecting women workers saying conditions are harder on women's weaker bodies. Wrote book "Other People's Money and How Bankers use it" (1914) that pushed reform within the banks. Nominated in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson for Supreme Court.	10
1299590833	Haiti (694)	At the Battle of Fort Riviere in this nation, rebel Cacos were defeated by US Marines under Smedley Butler	11
1299590834	Victoriano Huerta (695)	He ruthlessly seized power in Mexico in 1913. President Wilson objected to his murderous methods and refused to extend diplomatic recognition to his government. He abdicated in 1914.	12
1299590835	Venustiano Carranza (696)	led a revolutionary movement against Huerta with support from the US; was later formally recognized as the de facto leader of Mexico; later pressed his own war against the bandits.	13
1299590836	Francisco Villa (696)	was a Mexican "Robin Hood" who hated the United States. His followers killed a total of 35 American citizens, angering the United States who sent a force to attempt to capture him.	14
1299590837	ABC Powers (696)	The South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, which attempted to mediate a dispute between Mexico and the United States in 1914.	15
1299590838	John J. Pershing (696)	an American general who led troops against "Pancho" Villa in 1916. He took on the Meuse-Argonne offensive in 1918 which was one of the longest lasting battles- 47 days in World War I. He was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. \	16
1299590839	Central Powers (697)	Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire	17
1299590840	Allied Powers (697)	- World war I alliance of Britain, France, and Russia, and later joined by Italy, the United States, and others.	18
1299590841	Kaiser Wilhelm II (697)	1888 became leader of Germany, fought to make the Germany navy superior to Britain before WW1.	19
1299590842	Submarine (697)	New underwater weapon that threatened neutral shipping and apparently violated traditional norms of international law.	20
1299590843	Lusitania (699)	A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.	21
1299590844	Arabic (700)	1915 -- The second British ship that Germany sunk.	22
1299590845	Sussex (700)	A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning..	23
1299590846	Charles Evans Hughes (701)	A progressive Republican, was that party's presidential nominee in 1916. Later, he was a secretary of state and chief justice of the Supreme Court.	24
1299590847	He Kept Us Out of War (702)	Wilson's campaign slogan in 1916 reminding the public that they weren't entangled in WWI.	25
1299590848	Richard Hofstadter (704)	A historian who wrote Age of Reform in 1955. This book proposed the concept that progressive leaders were not drawn from societies poor and downtrodden but were middle-class people threatened from above by the emerging power of new corporate elites and from below by a restless working class.	26
1299590849	New Left Historians (704)	influenced by Marxism and the counter culture of the 1970's, these historians focused on social and economic conflict and finding a "usable past" to explain social problems.	27

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APUSH chapter 30 part 1: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad (1912-1916) Flashcards

Notes stop at "new directions in foreign policy".
The American Pageant 12th edition

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1293982987	Dr. Woodrow Wilson	Democratic leader; once mild conservative, now militant progressive. Lectured in government, president of Princeton. Governor of NJ, attacked "predatory" trusts, for the people's power.	0
1293982988	New Jersey	Moving forward with Wilson, more liberal state.	1
1293982989	1912 presidency campaing	Wilson elected for Democrats, aided by William Jennings Bryan.	2
1293982990	"New Freedom"	New progressive platform for Wilson including calls for 1. stronger antitrust 2. banking reform and 3. tariff reduction.	3
1293982991	T Roosevelt	Ran again, 3rd party (progressive republicans/bull moose); religious candidate; enthusiastic party.	4
1293982992	Jane Adams	Supported Roosevelt, demonstrated rising political status for women and social justice.	5
1293982993	Taft	Republican candidate; split over party caused democrats to have this election in the basket.	6
1293982994	"New Nationalism"	Roosevelt's part of progressivism.	7
1293982995	Herbert Croly	Progressive thinker, wrote "The Promise of American Life", theories supported by TR.	8
1293982996	What TR supported	Continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions, growth of powerful regulatory agencies, woman suffrage, social welfare (minimum wage laws and social insurance).	9
1293982997	What Wilson supported	Small enterprise, entrepreneurship, free markets (unregulated).	10
1293982998	Fragmentation	Breaking into smaller pieces; through vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws.	11
1293982999	Winner of 1912 election	Wilson, TR 2nd place. Progressivism the real winner.	12
1293983000	Eugene V. Debs	Socialist candidate, got 900k votes.	13
1293983001	Lone wolf curse	TR had no future of succeeding; progressives elected few candidates to state and local offices, in contrast with Socialists.	14
1293983002	Republicans in government	Minority in Congress for next 6 years, out of presidency for 8.	15
1293983003	Wilson as southerner	Sympathized with Confederacy's try for independence and shared Jeffersonian faith in masses (good with masses, bad individually or in public).	16
1293983004	Phraseocrat	Wilson religiously dedicated and formal.	17
1293983005	Wilson characteristics	He was stubborn and his sense of moral righteousness led him to be indecisive.	18
1293983006	"The triple wall of privilege"	The tariff, bank, and trusts.	19
1293983007	Underwood Tariff Bill	Wilson moved Congress to make this, which would gradually reduce tariff rates; reduced import fees, congress made gradual income tax through 16th Amendment.	20
1293983008	National Banking Act	Made during Civil war; many defects (rigid currency, big cities couldn't not be mobilized quickly enough).	21
1293983009	Senator Aldrich	Congress made him investigate banking; he suggested a new large national bank.	22
1293983010	Arsene Pujo	Caught in "money monster" banking business.	23
1293983011	Louis D. Brandeis	Wilson's attorney.	24
1293983012	Federal Reserve Act	Another win for Wilson; red letter achievement.	25
1293983013	Federal Reserve Board	Oversaw nationwide system of 12 regional reserve districts; was in public control; could issue paper money ("Federal Reserve Notes").	26
1293983014	Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914	Allowed president appointed commission to look into industries involved with interstate commerce; meant to crush unfair trade practices.	27
1293983015	Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914	Expanded list of questionable business practices (like price discrimination and interlocking directorates); exempted labor and agricultural organizations from antitrust prosecution, legalized strikes.	28
1293983016	Samuel Gompers	Union leader.	29
1293983017	Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916	Made credit available to framers at low rates.	30
1293983018	Warehouse Act of 1916	Authorized loans to secure staple crops.	31
1293983019	La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915	Required decent treatment of U.S. merchant ships.	32
1293983020	Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1961	Granted assistance to federal civil service employees when disabled.	33
1293983021	Adamson Act of 1916	8 hour work day for all train employees in interstate commerce.	34
1293983022	Louis D. Braindeis	1st Jew to be called to high bench.	35

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Stat 212 - Ch. 12, Discrete Probability Distributions Flashcards

- The binomial setting and binomial distributions
- Binomial distributions in statistical sampling
- Binomial probabilities
- Using technology
- Binomial mean and standard deviation
- The Normal approximation to binomial distributions
- The Poisson distributions
- Using technology

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1711941000	The distribution of a count depends on	how the data are produced.	0
1711941001	The Binomial Setting	1. There are a fixed number n of observations. 2. The n observations are all independent. That is, knowing the result of one observation does not change the probabilities we assign to other observations. 3. Each observation falls into one of just two categories, which for convenience are called "success" and "failure". 4. The probability of a success, p, is the same for each observation.	1
1711941002	Binomial Distribution	The count X of successes in the binomial setting has the binomial distribution with parameters n and p. The parameter n is the number of observations and p is the probability of a success on any one observation. The possible values of X are the whole numbers ranging from 0 to n.	2
1711941003	Not all counts have binomial distributions.	Pay attention to the binomial setting.	3
1711941004	Sampling Distribution of a Count	Choose an SRS of size n from a population with proportion p of successes. When the population is much larger than the sample, the count X of successes in the sample has approximately the binomial distribution with parameters n and p.	4
1711941018	Binomial Coefficient	The number of ways of arranging k successes in n observations, with constant probability p of success, in an unordered sequence.	5
1711941005	Factorial Notation	For a given number n, its factoria n! is n! = n ⋅ (n-1) ⋅ (n-2) ... 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 And 0! = 1	6
1711941019	Binomial Probability	If X has the binomial distribution with n observations and probability p of success on each observation, the possible values of X are 0, ,1, 2, ... n. If k is any one of these values, [image].	7
1711941006	Binomial Mean and Standard Deviation	The center and spread of the binomial distribution for a count X are defined by mean µ and standard dev. σ: µ = np σ = √np(1-p)	8
1711941007	Normal Approximation for Binomial Distributions	If n is large and p is not too close to 0 or 1, the binomial distribution can be approximated by a Normal distribution. B(µ=np, σ=√np(1-p)) ~ N(µ=np, σ=√np(1-p)) It can generally be used when np ≥ 10 and n(1-p) ≥ 10. This approx. can be improved w/ continuity correction.	9
1711941008	Continuity Correction	Continuity correction can produce a more accurate Normal approximation. Counts can only take integer values, but the Normal distribution can take any real values, so the proper continuous equivalent to a count is the interval around it with size 1. This is especially helpful when the sample size is small.	10
1711941009	Poisson Distribution	A Poisson distribution describes the count X of occurrences of a defined even in fixed, finite intervals of time or space when 1. occurrences are all independent, and 2. the probability of an occurrence is the same over all possible intervals.	11
1711941020	Poisson Probability	If X has the Poisson distribution with mean number of occurrences per interval µ, the possible values of X are 0, 1, 2... if k is any one of these values, [image] The mean and variance of the Poisson distribution are both equal to µ, the mean number of occurrences per interval. The distribution's standard deviation σ is equal to √µ	12
1711941010	Because the mean and variance of a Poisson distribution are equal, when the mean number of occurrences is large, the variance is also large, and the distribution looks very flat and wide.	Therefore, Poisson distributions are typically used to describe rare, random phenomena.	13
1711941011	Remember that RL data is not perfect.	Rather, people use mathematical models to represent biological features.	14
1711941012	Reminder: there are two types of data	Quantitative: observations that can be counted or measured across individuals in a population Categorical: observations that fall into one of several categories	15
1711941013	The way to set up statistical problems	Ask: - what are the n individuals/units in the sample (of size "n"?) - what is being recorded about those n individuals/ units? - is that a number (quantitative) or a statement (categorical)?	16
1711941014	Binomial Distributions are models for ___?	Some categorical variables, typically representing the number of successes in a series of n independent trials.	17
1711941015	Observations must meet these requirements	- the total number of obs.s n is fixed in advance - each obs. falls into just 1 of 2 categories: success or failure - the outcomes of all n obs.s are statistically independent - all n obs.s have the same probability of "success", p.	18
1711941016	Binomial distributions describe ___? And are used when ___?	The possible number of times that a particular event will occur in a sequence of observations. They are used when we want to know the probability of the number of times an occurrence takes place.	19
1711941017	Parameters of a binomial distribution for X successes in n observations	B(n,p) n is the number of observations. p is the probability of success on each observation. X is the count of successes, and can be any whole number between 0 and n.	20

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2.2 Frequency Distributions Flashcards

lower class limits, upper class limits, class boundaries, class width, class midpoints, relative frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution

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1714286756	Lower class limits:	Smallest numbers in the class	0
1714286757	Upper class limits:	Highest number in each class	1
1714286758	Class Boundaries:	The half way between the upper and lower class	2
1714286759	Class Width	The distance between that specific class	3
1714286760	Class Midpoints:	Halfway midpoint in a specific class	4
1714286761	Relative Frequency distribution:	This is when the frequency for each class is represented by a percentage as a whole. The first class always stays the same. like 25/72 =.347	5
1714286762	Cumulative frequency:	When the frequency for each class is the sum of the frequencies for that class and all previous classes. First class is equal or less than the upper class limit.	6

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RHS AP WRLD HISTORY- THE END OF EMPIRE CH.39 QUIZ Flashcards

4/17/14

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1399638447	what does India's "vivisection" refer to?	partitioned indendence/self rule	0
1399638448	Day of Direction Act	Muslim League riot resulting in 6k dead in 1946	1
1399638449	who referred to india's partition as a vivisection?	Mohandas Ghandi	2
1399638450	who was Ghandi assasinated by?	a Muslim extremist	3
1399638451	Who lost in the battle for Kashmir territory?	Pakistan	4
1399638452	what two nations stayed within the british commonwealth?	india and pakistan	5
1399638453	another term for nonalignment by Nehru?	the "third path"	6
1399638454	where did the Bandung Conference take place?	indonesia, 1955	7
1399638455	what ended French rule in Vietnam?	Japanese forces	8
1399638456	how did the french temporarily retake North Vietnam?	bombing Hanoi and Haiphong	9

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|Microeconomics| Ch.07-Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency (Part 3-Markets and Welfare) Flashcards

Class: Principles of Microeconomics II (ECON 121)
Book: Principles of Microeconomics (6th Edition)
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw

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1515868584	Welfare Economics	The study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.	0
1515868585	Willingness to Pay (WTP)	Maximum amount a buyer will pay for a good. (Demand curve shows WTP.)	1
1515868586	Consumer Surplus(CS) formula	CS= WTP - Price Paid. (Demand curve shows WTP.)	2
1515868587	Where to find Consumer Surplus on a graph?	Consumer Surplus is the area below the demand curve and above the price. P(rises) CS(falls) P(falls) CS(rises)	3
1515868588	Area of a Triangle formula	1/2(base)(height)	4
1515868589	Cost	The value of everything a seller must give up to produce an item.	5
1515868590	Producer Surplus(PS) formula	PS=Price Seller(receives) - Cost to Seller P(rises) PS(rises) P(falls) PS(falls)	6
1515868591	Where to find the Producer Surplus on a graph	The supply curve shows cost to the seller. PS is the area above the supply curve and below the price.	7
1515868592	Total Surplus(TS) formula	TS=CS+PS (Total surplus is maximized at equilibrium.	8

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