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Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 3

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 3 Water and Life Life evolved in the ocean, and the chemistry of life occurs in an aqueous environment. These questions explore the properties of water that are important to sustain life?s chemical processes, organismal physiology, and interactions of organisms with their environment. Quantitative properties such as heat content, molarity, and pH are also addressed. A few questions address how human activities affect the global environment through acid rain and acidification of the ocean. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by A) hydrogen bonds. B) nonpolar covalent bonds. C) polar covalent bonds. D) ionic bonds. E) van der Waals interactions.

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 2

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 1

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life This introductory chapter explores the basic themes and concepts of biology, with emphasis on the core theme of evolution. It also introduces students to the thinking of scientists. Questions are therefore general; however, an effort has been made to include some from each skill level. As in the rest of this test bank, questions that feature art or those for which several questions follow upon some data or a scenario are placed together at the end of the chapter. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a A) biosystem. B) community. C) population. D) ecosystem. E) family. Answer: C Topic: Concept 1.1

Chapter 2

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Elizabeth I An English Protestant queen, she supported the plundering of Spanish ships. Ireland Catholic land ruled by England, sought Spanish support, to no avail. Sir Francis Drake An English pirate secretly supported by Elizabeth to plunder Spanish ships. Sir Walter Raleigh An English courtier, Raleigh failed to establish the Roanoke colony. Roanoke An attempt at colonizing America, but the colonists disappeared. Spanish Armada Spain?s attempt to counter English piracy, a remarkable failure. Enclosing The fencing of private lands, forcing farmers off of land or into tenancy. Joint-stock company A company of investors who pooled their money to fund exploration. primogeniture Laws decreeing that only eldest sons can inherit landed estates. James I

Chapter 3

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Chapter 3 IDs and PQs Martin Luther A monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation, leading to Calvinism. John Calvin A Christian reformer whose ideas became dominant in colonial America. visible saints Visible saints were the elect, who would be saved. Their existence was Calvinist. Separatists Separatists were zealous Puritans who vowed to break from Anglicanism. Mayflower Compact An agreement among Pilgrims to form a crude government and abide by majority rule. William Bradford A Puritan governor who upheld the strict Puritan moral code. Plymouth The Pilgrims? colony, which eventually merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts Bay Colony Formed by non-Separatist pilgrims, it had the largest number of starting members. Great Puritan migration

Chapter 4

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Chesapeake An area home to the first American colonies, profitable to tobacco farmers. headright system Whoever paid the passage of a laborer received 50 acres. indentured servant Whites who sold their labor for 5-7 years for passage to America. Nathaniel Bacon A white planter who led a rebellion, killing natives and burning Jamestown. Governor Berkeley The Virginia governor who punished the rebels of Bacon?s troop. Middle Passage The transatlantic sea voyage bringing slaves to the New World. Royal African Company A company that lost its monopoly in selling slaves to the colonists. ringshout A West African religious dance that contributed to the development of jazz. ?FFVs? First Families of Virginia, which dominated real estate and legislature.

Chapter 5

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Chapter 5 IDs (Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775) Scots-Irish A group of immigrants from the Scottish lowlands who inhabited the frontier. Paxton Boys Scots-Irish protestors against lenience towards the natives. De Crevecoeur Settler who painted America as a melting pot, asking what ?American? meant. ?jayle birds? Paupers and prisoners who had been involuntarily forced into the colonies. Molasses Act (1733) A law attempting to throttle American trade with other nations, which failed. Anglican Church The English state church, established in the south and middle. More worldly than the Congregational. Congregational Church

Chapter 6

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New France A large part of Canada and the US, ruled by the king. Louisiana A French post used to block Spain and tap into fur trading. salutary neglect The beneficially relaxed system of British colonial rule. Acadia French lands, now Nova Scotia, given to England War of Jenkin?s Ear A war fought in the Caribbean and Georgia (English/Spanish) King George?s War New Englanders fought for French Louisbourg, won, and lost it during the peace settlement (French+Spanish/American) Louisbourg A fortress won by New Englanders and returned to France Fort Duquesne A French fort in Ohio Valley captured by Washington, then recaptured by French forces. Cajun The descendants of French Acadians in Louisiana Seven Years War

Chapter 7

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Mercantilism the belief that wealth is power and measured by bullion Navigation Laws laws that restricted commerce to the bounds of the British empire salutary neglect the beneficial relaxed enforcement of the Navigation Laws John Hancock The ?King of Smugglers,? who became wealthy via smuggling George Grenville The Prime Minister, who called for the enforcement of the Navigation Laws and enacted a sugar duty. Sugar Act (1764) A high duty on sugar imported from the West Indies. Quartering Act (1765) Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops Stamp Act (1765) Tax requiring use of stamps on commercial and legal documents virtual representation

Chapter 8

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Second Continental Congress Met in the hopes that fighting would allow for the addressing of their grievances. George Washington The leader of the American army, selected by the Congress for political reasons Ticonderoga and Crown Point A store of gunpowder and artillery secured by the Americans Bunker (Breed?s) Hill A hill taken by Americans, defended mercilessly, abandoned without gunpowder Olive Branch Petition A petition adopted by America, pleading for peace and professing Crown loyalty Thomas Paine A writer who called the freedom of America from England ?common sense.? Republicanism A society where power flows from the people, not a despotic monarch Richard Henry Lee A delegate at the Philadelphia Congress who pushed for independence Thomas Jefferson

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