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Genetics

Campbell Biology Chapter 14 Summary

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lecture Outline Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes The ?blending? hypothesis popular 1800s This hypothesis proposes that genetic material contributed by each parent mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green. With blending inheritance, a freely mating population will eventually give rise to a uniform population of individuals. Everyday observations and the results of breeding experiments tell us that heritable traits do not blend to become uniform. An alternative model: the ?particulate? inheritance proposes that parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes, that retain their separate identities in offspring. Genes can be sorted and passed on, generation after generation, in undiluted form.

Campbell Biology Chapter 13 Summary

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Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Outline Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. heredity or inheritance. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. Farmers have bred plants and animals for desired traits for thousands of years, but the mechanisms of heredity and variation eluded biologists until the development of genetics in the 20th century. Genetics the scientific study of heredity and variation. Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes Genes are segments of DNA.

Genetic Testing PP

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Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Embryo hundreds of cell types, same DNA code Each cell type is defined by the genes that are expressed in that cell ?Gene expression? Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes Single cell fertilized egg 1 cell type, single DNA code Neuron Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Muscle cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Red blood cells Hemoglobin ? Dopamine + Myoglobin - Each cell type only expressed a restricted subset of genes How??? Epigenetic marks applied to DNA

Pedigree Lab

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Zoe Collins Mrs. G AP Biology 20 March 2014 Pedigree Lab Introduction: Gregor Mendel laid the foundation for our knowledge on genetics, and as time went one scientists continued to confirm and extend Mendel?s ideas. Discoveries on subjects such as DNA structure, mitosis and meioses all explain Mendel?s hypotheses. Mendel demonstrated that genes on different chromosomes, or unlinked genes, are inherited separately under the idea of independent assortment. But due to linked genes gametes are often produced with different combinations of alleles that are different then those of the parents.

Pedigree Lab

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Zoe Collins Mrs. G AP Biology 30 March 2014 Pedigree Lab Introduction: Gregor Mendel laid the foundation for our knowledge on genetics, and as time went one scientists continued to confirm and extend Mendel?s ideas. Discoveries on subjects such as DNA structure, mitosis and meioses all explain Mendel?s hypotheses. Mendel demonstrated that genes on different chromosomes, or unlinked genes, are inherited separately under the idea of independent assortment. But due to linked genes gametes are often produced with different combinations of alleles that are different then those of the parents.

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 16

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________ Period___________ Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Concept 16.1 DNA is the genetic material 1. What are the two chemical components of chromosomes? DNA and protein 2. Why did researchers originally think that protein was the genetic material? Until the 1940s, the case for proteins seemed stronger, especially since biochemists had identified them as a class of macromolecules with great heterogeneity and specificity of function, essential requirements for the hereditary material. Moreover, little was known about nucleic acids, whose physical and chemical properties seemed far too uniform to account for

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 15

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. -1- Name_______________________ Period___________ Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Concept 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes 1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? The chromosome theory of inheritance is a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located at specific positions (loci) on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns. 2. Explain the law of segregation. Use two different colored pencils to illustrate the segregation of alleles. You may want to consult Figure 15.2 in your text, and model your sketches on this.

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 13

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. -1- Name__________________________Period___________ Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 1. Let?s begin with a review of several terms that you may already know. Define: gene: A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) locus: A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located gamete: A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. male gamete: Sperm female gamete: Eggs

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 22-23

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Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Gal?pagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in populations over time. As in the last chapter, first read each concept to get the big picture and then go back to work on the details presented by our questions. Don?t lose sight of the conceptual understanding by getting lost in the details! Overview The Smallest Unit of Evolution ?One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 23

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Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Gal?pagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in populations over time. As in the last chapter, first read each concept to get the big picture and then go back to work on the details presented by our questions. Don?t lose sight of the conceptual understanding by getting lost in the details! Overview The Smallest Unit of Evolution ?One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes

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