Chapter 1-3 Vocab
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Genetics
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Heritability Explained
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A researcher seeking to quantify the influence of genes or environment on a trait needs to be able to separate the effects of one factor away from that of another. This kind of research often begins with attempts to calculate the heritability of a trait. Heritability quantifies the extent to which variation among individuals in a trait is due to variation in the genes those individuals carry. In animals where breeding and environments can be controlled experimentally, heritability can be determined relatively easily. Such experiments would be unethical for human research. This problem can be overcome by finding existing populations of humans that reflect the experimental setting the researcher wishes to create.
Chapter 14 Vocab
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Homozygous- organism with a pair of identical alleles for a character
Heterozygous- organism with 2 different alleles for gene
Phenotype- organism's traits(ex. blue eyes)
Genotype-genetic makeup(ex.Pp)
DNA NOTES
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The Discovery of DNA Griffith and Transformation: Transformation: One strain of bacteria (harmless) had changed into disease-causing strain Meant gene with info was transferred from heat-killed into live cells Avery tried to break down the heat-killed bacteria with enzyme that would usually break up DNA, but it didn?t Avery concluded that DNA is nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic info from 1 generation to another Hershey and Chase Experiment: Studied bacteriophages (viruses) ?bacteria eaters? made of DNA/RNA and protein coat Bacteriophages inject DNA into bacteria, the viral genes act to produce many new bacteriophages and burst of out cell Conclusion: using radioactive markers, genetic material of bacteriophage was DNA not protein The Structure of DNA
Genetics-Gregor Mendel
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Gregor Mendel was he father of modern genetics. He created punnet squares which predict the outcome of offspring for a specific trait. It uses both the mother and the father's genes, and the outcome depends on how many parents have the trait, and whether it is dominant or recessive.
Genetics
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Genetics is a fun topic to learn in biology. It is consisted of alleles that combine to make genes. The genes determine hair color and eye color, etc.
HGP
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Chapter 15 Notes
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Mendelian Genetics
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Mendelian Genetics Two Hypotheses of Heredity Blending Hypothesis ? genetic material from both parents ?mixes? like red and blue make green. Particulate Hypothesis ? parents pass on distinct units (genes) that retain their separate identity in an undiluted form This is the hypothesis that is accepted today Gregor Mendel developed his theory in the mid 1800?s before chromosomes had been viewed under the microscope He was a Monk who studied math and crossing pea plants to study inheritance Terms for Studying Genetics Character ? a heritable feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color. Trait ? each variant for a character, such as white or purple flowers Hybridization ? crossing of true-breeding varieties
Ch. 3 Outline
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