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Chemical bonding

Organic Chapter 2 ppt

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Chapter 2 Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 2 * Sigma Bonding Electron density lies between the nuclei. A bond may be formed by s-s, p-p, s-p, or hybridized orbital overlaps. => Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Pi Bonding Pi bonds form after sigma bonds. Sideways overlap of parallel p orbitals. => Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Multiple Bonds A double bond (2 pairs of shared electrons) consists of a sigma bond and a pi bond. A triple bond (3 pairs of shared electrons) consists of a sigma bond and two pi bonds. => Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Molecular Shapes Bond angles cannot be explained with simple s and p orbitals. Use VSEPR theory.

Organic Chapter 1 ppt

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Chapter 1 Introduction and Review Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 1 * Definitions Old: ?derived from living organisms? New: ?chemistry of carbon compounds? From inorganic to organic, vitalism and W?hler, 1828 => Chapter 1 Chapter 1 * Atomic Structure Atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the identity of the element. Some atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons. These are called isotopes. Example: 12C, 13C, and 14C => Chapter 1 Chapter 1 * Electronic Structure Electrons: outside the nucleus, in orbitals. Electrons have wave properties. Electron density is the probability of finding the electron in a particular part of an orbital.

Atomic Radius

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Atomic Radius: The atomic radius is the size of the atom of an element. The values decrease. Yes, they both decrease. The atomic radius increases. Yes, but they increase at a slower rate. Ionic Radius: An atom becomes a cation when an atom loses electrons in a reaction. An atom becomes an anion when it gains electrons in a reaction. The cations? values decrease. The anion?s values also decrease. Yes, their trends are the same. The ionic radius value increases. Yes, they also increase. Electronegativity: Electronegativity is the measurement of an element?s tendency to react with electrons in a chemical bond. The values greatly increase. Yes, they both increase. The values slowly decrease. No, because only one number in group 18 is plotted.

cell bi chapter 1/2

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Chapter One Characteristics of living organisms Consist of one or more cells Unicellular organisms (1) A single cell carries out all the functions of life Multicellular organisms Made of many specialized cells Consist of genetic information DNA Info molecule Passed on during cell division Composed of nucleotides Genetic code Gene Specific segment of DNA molecule Contains info to make proteins Proteins Control chemical reactions Cell/organism structure and function Use genetic information to reproduce Use genetic information for growth and development Can extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work Can convert molecules obtained from their environment into new biological molecules Can respond to environmental changes

AP Biology Basic Chemistry

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Resch/Stuart AP Biology Basic Chemistry Basic Chemistry Review Directions: Since this will be handed in digitally, please type all response in bold directly below the question. ?Once you are done, please submit this document via google drive. ?Remember that this is due by Aug. 18th. Review: J.J. Thomson?s Plum Pudding model and ionic vs. molecular bonding

2.2 Western High Biology H vocab

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?Opposite charges of polar molecules can interact to form hydrogen bonds. ?Often oxygen or nitrogen, but many other molecules. ?Weaker than covalent bonds but strong among water molecules 2.2 Vocabulary Isabella Hardman Period 7 9/2/14 ?Measures acidity ? U sually between 0 and 14 ? - 0 is very acidic (High H+) and 14 is in very basic (low H+) ?pH of 7 is neutral -Must be tightly controlled in organisms with buffers.-
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AP BIO Chapter 04

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

AP BIO Chapter 02

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

AP BIO CHP 4 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life This chapter focuses on the chemistry of carbon and organic compounds. Students should be able to identify the nature of the bonds between carbon and other elements (nonpolar versus polar), the different types of weak bonds and interactions, the various types of isomers, the basic functional groups of organic molecules, and their relative solubility in water. The abiotic formation of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is important in the origin of life. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) nitrogen. E) phosphorus. Answer: C Topic: Concept 4.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

AP BIO CHP 2 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

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