AP World History
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Sociocultural evolution
Outline
AP World History
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Outline
A History Of Western Society--Chapter 1--Ancient Civilizations
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Lecture 1: Ancient Civilizations I. What is ?Civilization?? A. Civilization Capable of sustaining a substantial number of specialists to cope with the economic, social, political, and social needs of a populous society. Characteristics: a. Some Characteristics: b. Writing system record keeping Monumental architecture Art representative of people and their lives B. Overall? People live in cities or regions often organized as states or city-states Developed a writing system Specialized labor/arts and crafts Advances in science and technology Complex economic, government, social, and cultural systems. II. So how do we determine what a ?Western? civilization is? Or, why are we talking about the Ancient Near East? A. It all begins with the Greeks?
world history
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The Bronze Age (3000 BC) ? Key Question from Lecture: What aspects of life during the bronze age in Afroeurasia distinguish it from earlier eras? ? technology ? plow, tools & weapons ? plow only useful in areas of harder soil ? sticks used in softer soil areas ? depended on environment ? maritime trade ? star charts---planning ? WRITING ? population grew: 8000 BC ? there was a population boom leading up to the bronze age ? Writing ? The code of Hammurapi (c. 1792 BC) ? only the elite can read --> power ? emerging class differences ? hierarchy ? slavery/ class ? legal system that favors the wealthy (slaveholder) ? gender ? differentiation based on ? class ? gender ? women have fewer rights but they have some ? ex: they can initiate divorce
Chapter 1 Summary
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Part I The Origins of Civilization Summary. The first human beings appeared over two million years ago, with major stages in physical development ending about 140,000 years ago. They discovered tool using and improving and thus were able to move away from hunting and gathering practices to form larger groups. The key markers for the origins of human societies are the beginnings of agriculture, about 9000 B.C.E., and the achievement of the societies that followed. By 1000 B.C.E. several civilizations were ready for more elaborate political and cultural forms. The Neolithic Revolution. Humans had spread widely long before agriculture was invented. Their hunting and gathering techniques kept them in small bands. Agriculture made larger systems possible, but
Before History- Ch.1
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The evolution of Homo sapiens The hominids Australopithecus Appeared in east Africa about four million to one million years ago Walked upright on two legs; well-developed hands Stone tools; fire later Homo erectus 2.5 million to two hundred thousand years ago, east Africa Large brain; sophisticated tools; definitely knew how to control fire Developed language skills in well-coordinated hunts of large animals Migrated to Asia and Europe; established throughout by two hundred thousand years ago Homo sapiens; evolved as early as two hundred thousand years ago Brain with large frontal regions for conscious and reflective thought Spread throughout Eurasia beginning more than one hundred thousand years ago, Ice age land bridges enabled them to populate other continents
Before History- Ch.1
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The evolution of Homo sapiens The hominids Australopithecus Appeared in east Africa about four million to one million years ago Walked upright on two legs; well-developed hands Stone tools; fire later Homo erectus 2.5 million to two hundred thousand years ago, east Africa Large brain; sophisticated tools; definitely knew how to control fire Developed language skills in well-coordinated hunts of large animals Migrated to Asia and Europe; established throughout by two hundred thousand years ago Homo sapiens; evolved as early as two hundred thousand years ago Brain with large frontal regions for conscious and reflective thought Spread throughout Eurasia beginning more than one hundred thousand years ago, Ice age land bridges enabled them to populate other continents
World Civilizations: The Global Experience 6th Edition Chapter 1 notes
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Chapter 1 notes
Chapter 1-3
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Period One: to 600 B.C.E Paleolithic Period: Humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas Adapted to different environmental settings Developed various technologies Fire (hunting, protection, warmth) Created economic structures (some trade) Development of Agriculture Mesopotamia - first place Nile River Valley Sub-Saharan Africa Indus River Valley Yellow River or Huang He Valley Neolithic Revolution Warming Climates Agriculture appeared (food reliable and surplus) Pastoralism Changes to Environment (irrigation) Domestication of Animals Population increased Social Complexity/Specialization of Labor Social Classes and Forced Labor System Women were the first farmers Improvements in Agricultural Production, Trade and Transportation Pottery Plows
edible history2
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? An Edible History of Humanity Chapter 1 ? Modern Maize and cereals evolved?from ancient plants withvery different characteristics by proto-farmers planting seedsfrom plants with desirable traits. ? Such mutations made them more practical as?foodstuffs butunable to survive in the wild. Chapter 2 ? Proto-farmers actually worked much harder than hunter-gatherers got provide enough food, and many even sufferedfrom malnutrition. ? The average height also fell?in farming communities. ? However, to the proto-farmers, the slow?shift from huntingand gathering to agriculture seemed?logical. ? Hunter-gatherers had been planting small crops incertain frequented areas to ensure sufficient supply. ?
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