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AP HuG: Urbanization Flashcards

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5918279493Central Place Theory-A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services -larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther0
5918279500Gravity ModelA model which holds that the POTENTIAL USE OF A SERVICE at a particular location is DIRECTLY related to the NUMBER OR PEOPLE in a location and INVERSELY related to the DISTANCE people must travel to reach the service1
5918279501Hinterland-aka Market Area -the AREA SURROUNDING a CENTRAL PLACE from which PEOPLE ARE ATTRACTED to use the places goods and services2
5918279503Primate City RuleA pattern of settlements in a country such that the LARGEST SETTLEMENT has MORE THAN TWICE as many PEOPLE as the SECOND RANKING SETTLEMENT3
5918279505Range (economic reach)-Of a service -the MAXIMUM DISTANCE people are willing to travel to use a service4
5918279506Rank- size RuleA pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is the 1/n the population of the largest settlement5
5918279507ServiceAny activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it6
5918279509ThresholdThe MINIMUM NUMBER OF PEOPLE needed to SUPPORT a SERVICE7
5918279510UrbanizationAn increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements8
5918279517Blockbustingrapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging Ethnic minorities (African-American) to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting out migration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties.9
5918279518Central Business District (CBD)the downtown hear of a central city, marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings; the central nucleus of commercial land use in a city.10
5918279520Centralitythe strength of an urban center in its capacity to attract producers and consumers to its facilities; a city's "reach" into the surrounding region; the functional dominance of cities within an urban system.11
5918279521Central Citythe urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by the suburbs.12
5918279522Christaller, WalterGerman geographer who in the early 1930s first formulated central-place theory as a series of models designed to explain the spatial distribution of urban centers. Crucial to his theory is the fact that different goods and services vary both in threshold and in range13
5918279523Citya multifunctional nucleated settlement with a central business district and both residential and nonresidential land uses.14
5918279525Colonial citya city founded by colonialism or an indigenous city whose structure was deeply influenced by Western colonialism.15
5918279527Commuter zonethe outer most zone of the Concentric zone model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute into the CBD to work.16
5918279528Concentric zone modela model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core central business district, each ring housing a distinct type of land use.17
5918279529Counterurbanizationthe net loss of population from cities to smaller towns and rural areas.18
5918279534Edge citydistinct sizable nodal concentration of retail and office space of lower than central city densities and situated on the outer fringes of older metropolitan areas; usually localized by or near major highway intersections.19
5918279537Ethnic neighborhoodneighborhood, typically situated in larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs.20
5918279538Favelathe Brazilian equivalent of a shanty town, which are generally found on the edge of the city. They have electricity, but often not formally. They are constructed from a variety of materials, ranging from bricks to garbage. The most infamous ones are located in Rio de Janeiro.21
5918279541Gateway citya city that serves as a link between one country or region and others because of its physical situation.22
5918279543Gentrificationthe invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences; a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income renter-occupied area to a predominately middle-class owner-occupied area.23
5918279550InfrastructureThe underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity (roads, bridges, electrical lines).24
5918279553Megacitiesa very large city characterized by both primacy and high centrality within its national economy.25
5918279554Megalopolisa large, sprawled urban complex with contained open, non-urban land, created through the spread and joining of separate metropolitan areas (ie. BOSNYWASH)26
5918279555Metropolitan areaIn the United States, a large functionally integrated settlement area comprising one or more whole county units and usually containing several urbanized areas: discontinuously built up, it operates as a coherent economic whole.27
5918279556Multiple nuclei modelthe postulate that large cities develop by peripheral spread not from one central business district but from several nodes of growth, each of specialized use. the separately expanding use districts eventually coalesce at their margins.28
5918279561Postindustrial (city)a stage of economic development in which service activities become relatively more important than goods production; professional and technical employment supersedes employment in agriculture and manufacturing; and level of living is defined by the quality of services and amenities rather than by the quantity of goods available.29
5918279563Primate citya city of large size and dominant power within a country; a country's largest city, ranking atop the urban hierarchy, most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well.30
5918279565Rank-size rulein a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.31
5918279566Redlininga practice by banks and mortgage companies of demarcating areas considered to be a high risk for housing loans.32
5918279568Sector modela description of urban land uses as wedge-shaped sectors radiating outward form the CBD along transportation corridors; the radial access routes attract particular uses to certain sectors, with high-status residential uses occupying the most desirable wedges.33
5918279572Shantytownunplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.34
5918279574Siterefers to the absolute location of a city - the physical features of the area.35
5918279575Situationrefers to the characteristics due to the relative location of an area.36
5918279577"Social Stratification"refers to the idea that society is separated into different strata, according to social distinctions such as a race, class and gender. Social treatment of persons within various social structures can be understood as related to their placement within the various social strata.37
5918279579Suburba subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city; many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls. Most pronounced in the U.S.38
5918279581Suburbanizationmovement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions. In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century.39
5918279587Urban hierarchya ranking of settlements according to their size and economic function, e.g., hamlet - village - town - city - metropolis.40
5918279588Urban morphologythe form and structure of cities, including street patterns and the size and shape of buildings.41
5918279590Urban sprawlunrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.42
5918279591World cityone of the largest cities in the world, generally with a population of over 10 million. List all the cities in the world with a population of over 10 million.43
5918279592Zonearea of a city with a relatively uniform land use, e.g., an industrial area or residential area.44
5918279593Zone of transitionan area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD.45
5918279594Zoning lawslegal restrictions on land use that determine what types of buildings and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the United States, areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, retail, or industrial use.46
6165234596HamletOn the urban hierarchy, it is a small collection of houses - may have basic services like a gas station or general store47
6165235554High order goodsgoods and services that are required less frequently and require a large market area to remain profitable48
6165236483Low order goodsgods and services that are obtained on a regular basis and require a small market area to be profitable49
6165241507Borchertcreated a 5 stage model of epochs on the evolution of transportation.50
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AP Psychology - Sensation and Perception Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

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6681510896sensationthe process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.0
6681510897perceptionthe process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.1
6681510898bottom-up processinganalysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.2
6681510899top-down processinginformation processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.3
6681510900selective attentionthe focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.4
6681510901inattentional blindnessfailing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.5
6681510902change blindnessfailing to notice changes in the environment.6
6681510903absolute thresholdthe minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.7
6681510904signal detection theorya theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.8
6681510905difference thresholdthe minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. Also called the just noticeable difference (jnd).9
6681510906Weber's lawthe principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage (rather than a constant amount).10
6681510907sensory adaptationdiminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.11
6681510908transductionconversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret.12
6681510909pupilthe adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.13
6681510910irisa ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening.14
6681510911lensthe transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.15
6681510912retinathe light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.16
6681510913rodsretinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.17
6681510914conesretinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. These detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations.18
6681510915optic nervethe nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.19
6681510916blind spotthe point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye and no receptor cells are located there.20
6681510917foveathe central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.21
6681510918feature detectorsnerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement.22
6681510919parallel processingthe processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.23
6681510920Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theorythe theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color.24
6681510921opponent-process theorythe theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green.25
6681510922frequencythe number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second).26
6681510923pitcha tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency.27
6681510924middle earthe chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window.28
6681510925cochleaa coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses29
6681510926inner earthe innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.30
6681510927place theoryin hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.31
6681510928frequency theoryin hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.32
6681510929kinesthesisthe system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.33
6681510930vestibular sensethe sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.34
6681510931gate-control theorythe theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.35
6681510932sensory interactionthe principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste.36
6681510933gestaltan organized whole. These type of psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes37
6681510934figure-groundthe organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).38
6681510935groupingthe perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.39
6681510936depth perceptionthe ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.40
6681510937visual cliffa laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.41
6681510938binocular cuesdepth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes.42
6681510939retinal disparitya binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.43
6681510940monocular cuesdepth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.44
6681510941phi phenomenonan illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.45
6681510942perceptual constancyperceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change.46
6681510943color constancyperceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object.47
6681510944perceptual adaptationin vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.48
6681510945perceptual seta mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.49
6681510946extrasensory perception (ESP)the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.50
6681510947parapsychologythe study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.51
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AP Biology Chapter 12 Flashcards

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7987191814anaphasefourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell0
7987191815anchorage dependencethe requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum1
7987191817benign tumora mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin2
7987191818binary fissionthe type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce; each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the single parental chromosome3
7987191819cell cyclean ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed of M, G1, S, G24
7987191820cell cycle control systema cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle5
7987191821cell divisionreproduction of a cell6
7987191822cell platea double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall form during cytokinesis7
7987191823centromerethe centralized region joining two chromatids8
7987191824centrosomematerial present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important during cell division; the microtubule organizing center9
7987191825checkpointa critical control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals regulate the cycle10
7987191826chromatincomplex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome; when a cell is not diving chromatin exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope11
7987191827chromosomea threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins12
7987191829cleavage furrowthe first sign of cleavage in an animal cell;a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate13
7987191830cyclina regulatory protein whose concentration fluctuates cyclically14
7987191832cytokinesisthe division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately following mitosis15
7987191833density-dependent inhibitionthe phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another16
7987191834G0 phasea nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle17
7987191835G1 phaseThe first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.18
7987191836G2 phasethe second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occur19
7987191837gametea haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to form a diploid cell20
7987191838genomethe complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.21
7987191840interphasethe period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. 90% of the cell cycle22
7987191841M phasemitotic phase; the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis23
7987191842malignant tumora cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs24
7987191844metaphasethe third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to the microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate25
7987191845metastasisthe spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site26
7987191846mitosisa process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei27
7987191847mitotic (M) phasethe phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis28
7987191848mitotic spindlean assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis29
7987191849MPFmaturation-promoting factor (M-phase promoting factor); a protein complex required for a cell to progress from late interphase to mitosis. The active form consists of cyclin and a protein kinase30
7987191850prophasethe first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin is condensing and the mitotic spindle begin to form, but the nucleu and nucleolus are still intact31
7987191851S phasethe synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated32
7987191852sister chromatidsreplicated forms of chromosomes joined together by the centromere and eventually separating during mitosis or meiosis II33
7987191853somatic cellany cell in multicellular organisms except a sperm or egg cell34
7987191854telophasethe fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter cells are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun35
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AP Terms #1 Flashcards

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7327984451alliterationThe sequential repetition of a similar initial sound, usually applied to consonants, usually in closely proximate stressed syllables0
7328034222anadiplosisrepetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause1
7328038625anaphoraThe regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses2
7328042411antimetabolea sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in the second clause is a reversal of the first; it adds power through its inverse repetition3
7328047384antithesisThe juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas4
7328055601apostropheAn address or invocation to something inanimate5
7328062931assonanceThe repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive or proximate words6
7328071422asyndetonA syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, usually producing more rapid prose7
7328083820attitudeThe sense expressed by the tone of voice or the mood of a piece of writing; the author's feelings toward his or her subject, characters, events, or theme. It might even be his or her feelings for the reader8
7328092038balanced sentencethe phrases or clauses balance each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning, or length9
7328101791chiasmusA figure of speech and generally a syntactical structure wherein the order of the terms in the first half of a parallel clause is reversed in the second10
7328121147colloquialA term identifying the diction of the common, ordinary folks, especially in a specific region or area11
7328134133complex sentencecontains an independent clause and one or more subordinate, or dependent, clauses12
7328144744compound sentencecontains two independent clauses joined by a semicolon or by a coordinating conjunction preceded by a comma13
7328165819compound-complex sentencecontains two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate, or dependent, clauses14
7328179656conceitA comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature, in particular an extended metaphor within a poem15
7328190136connotationThe implied, suggested, or underlying meaning of a word or phrase16
7328203048consonanceThe repetition of two or more consonants with a change in intervening vowels17
7328217489dialectThe language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group18
7328232377dictionThe specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose or effect19
7328239531epanalepsisrepetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause; it tends to make the sentence or clause in which it occurs stand apart from its surroundings20
7328246437epistropheIn rhetoric, the repetition of a phrase at the end of successive sentences21
7328252745eulogyA speech or written passage in praise of a person; an oration in honor of a deceased person22
7328269987euphemismAn indirect, kinder, or less harsh or hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information23
7328286971extended metaphorA series of comparisons within a piece of writing. If they are consistently one concept, this is also known as a conceit24
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Bennett's AP Literature Flashcards

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8454190899allegorystory or poem that can be used to reveal a hidden meaning0
8454190900alliterationbeginning of same letter or sound in closely connected words1
8454190901allusionindirect of passing reference2
8454190902anaphorarepetition in first part of a sentence , to have an artistic meaning3
8454190903antagonista hostile person who is opposed to another character4
8454190904apostrophefigure of speech used to adresss an imaginary character5
8454190905approximate rhymewords in rhyming pattern that sound alike6
8454190906asidewhen a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by other actors on the stage7
8454190907assonancerepetition of vowel sounds8
8454190908blank versepoetry written in meter without an ending rhyme9
8454190909cacophonyblend of unharmonious sounds10
8454190910caesurapause in the middle of a line11
8454190911catharsisthe release of emotions through art (emotional cleanse)12
8454190912flat characterstory character who have no depth, usually has one personality or characteristic13
8454190913round charactercharacter who has complex personality: contradicted person14
8454190914dynamic characterchanges throughout the story, through major conflict15
8454190915static characterperson who doesn't change throughout story keeps same personality16
8454190916characterizationprocess of revealing characters personality17
8454190917climaxpoint where conflict hits its highest point18
8454190918comedydrama that is amusing or funny19
8454190919conflictstruggle between opposing forces20
8454190920connotationsecondary meaning to a word21
8454190921consonancerepetition of same consonant in words close together22
8454190922couplettwo rhyming lines in a verse23
8454190923denotationthe literal meaning of a word24
8454190924denouementfinal outcome of the story25
8454190925deus ex machinaresolution of a plot by chance or coincidence26
8454190926didactic writingwriting with a primary purpose to teach or preach27
8454190930end rhymerhymes occurring at the end of line28
8454190931end stopped lineline ending in regular punctuation29
8454190932English sonneta sonnet rhyming ababcdcdededgg30
8454190933epiphanywhen a character receives a spiritual insight into they life31
8454190934euphonysmooth choice and arrangement of sounds32
8454190936falling actionEvents after the climax, leading to the resolution33
8454190937feminine rhymelines rhymed by their final two syllables34
8454190938figurative languageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.35
8454190939figure of speecha way of saying something other than the ordinary way36
8454190940footbasic unit in the scansion or measurement of verse , stressed and un stressed syllables37
8454190941formexternal pattern or shape of a poem38
8454190942free versePoetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme39
8454190943hamartiatragic flaw which causes a character's downfall40
8454190944imageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)41
8454190946internal rhymeA word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line42
8454190947ironyLanguage that signifies the opposite of what it usually means.43
8454190948verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant44
8454190949dramatic ironyIrony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.45
8454190950irony of situationrefers to an occurrence that is contrary to what is expected or intended46
8454190951italian sonnetA sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd47
8454190952masculine rhymeA rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable48
8454190953melodramaa play based upon a dramatic plot and developed sensationally49
8454190954metaphorA comparison without using like or as50
8454190955meterA regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry51
8454190956metonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it52
8454190957motivationA need or desire that energizes and directs behavior53
8454190958narratorPerson telling the story54
8454190959octave8 line stanza55
8454190960onomatopoeiaA word that imitates the sound it represents.56
8454190961hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor57
8454190962oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.58
8454190963paradoxA contradiction or dilemma59
8454190964paraphraseA restatement of a text or passage in your own words.60
8454190965personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes61
8454190966plotSequence of events in a story62
8454190967point of viewThe perspective from which a story is told63
8454190968omniscient point of viewThe point of view where the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems - told in the 3rd person.64
8454190969third person limited point of viewnarrator tells the story from only one character's pov65
8454190970first person point of viewa character in the story is actually telling the story himself/herself66
8454190971objective point of viewa narrator who is totally impersonal and objective tells the story, with no comment on any characters or events.67
8454190972protagonistMain character68
8454190973quatrainA four line stanza69
8454190974rhythmA regularly recurring sequence of events or actions.70
8454190975rhyme schemeA regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem71
8454190976rising actionEvents leading up to the climax72
8454190977sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt73
8454190978satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.74
8454190979scansionAnalysis of verse into metrical patterns75
8454190980sestet6 line stanza76
8454190981settingThe context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.77
8454190982simileA comparison using "like" or "as"78
8454190983soliloquyA long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage79
8454190984sonnet14 line poem80
8454190985stanzaA group of lines in a poem81
8454190986stream of consciousnessprivate thoughts of a character without commentary82
8454190987syllabic verseVerse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line.83
8454190988symbolA thing that represents or stands for something else84
8454190990synesthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")85
8454190991tercet3 line stanza86
8454190992terza rimaa verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.87
8454190993themeCentral idea of a work of literature88
8454190994toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character89
8454190995tragedyA serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character90
8454190997understatementthe deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it actually is; a deliberate under-emphasis91
8454190998verseA single line of poetry writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme92
8454318830malevolentwishing, or appearing to wish, evil to others93
8454337841meticulousextremely careful; particular about details94
8454346372garish(adj.) glaring; tastelessly showy or overdecorated in a vulgar or offensive way95
8454358124maliciousIntended to hurt or harm96
8454366978anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person97
8454376811perverse(adj.) inclined to go against what is expected; stubborn; turned away from what is good and proper98
8454385046parodya work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner99
8454444162benevolent(adj.) kindly, charitable100
8454450597paganA follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.101
8454458884monotonylack of variation102
8454469888winnowsift; separate good parts from bad103
8454481784nostalgiaa longing for something past; homesickness104
8454490920elegya sad or mournful poem105
8454503570entralledto captivate or charm106
8454509535euphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant107
8454525340eccentrica person with an unusual or odd personality108
8454534128introspectionexamination of one's own thoughts and feelings109
8454539057opulent(adj.) wealthy, luxurious; ample; grandiose110
8454545912admonitiongentle warning; friendly reproof111
8454550588parable(n.) a short narrative designed to teach a moral lesson112
8454557398iambic meterunstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable113
8454566359trochaic metera stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.114
8454572753veracitytruthfulness115
8454578353invocationa call (usually upon a higher power) for assistance, support, or inspiration116
8454585226raconteurwitty, skillful storyteller117
8454589888sanctimoniousshowing false piety or righteousness118
8454603509gothiccharacterized by gloom and mystery and the grotesque119
8454612891pastorala literary work idealizing the rural life (especially the life of shepherds)120
8454617113surrealismAn artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images121
8454620400naturalisma very realistic or lifelike style of making images122
8454623492classicisman adherence to the principals of Greek and Roman literature123
8454627718deductionreasoning down from principles124
8454636910abject(adj.) degraded; base, contemptible; cringing, servile; complete and unrelieved125
8898410158expositoryexplanatory; serving to explain; N. exposition: explaining; exhibition126
8898412697interpretiverelating to, involving, or providing an interpretation or explanation of something127
8898433540secularConcerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters; nonreligioius128
8898441085demeanorbehavior; manner of conducting oneself129
8898450538sardonicgrimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic130
8898453777disconcertingcausing one to feel unsettled131
8898460179solemnserious; grave132
8939910531acquieseaccept something reluctantly but without protest133
8986824554enjambmentthe continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.134
8986882562dictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words135
8986950491foreshadowingA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.136
9001676535apostropheaddress to an absent or imaginary person137
9001676574lamentto express sorrow; to grieve138
9001684282deprivationthe state of lacking or doing without something; loss139
9001684285dearth(n.) a lack, scarcity, inadequate supply; a famine140
9001685622ContentiousQuarrelsome, inclined to argue141
9001690127implicationan idea that is communicated indirectly, through a suggestion or hint142
9092584391tempestuousstormy, raging, furious143
9092594085hearth(n.) the floor of a fireplace; the fireside as a symbol of the home and family144
9093388823philistinea person who is guided by materialism and is disdainful of intellectual or artistic values145
9189240128sonneta verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme146
9190289723expository writingwriting that explains or informs147
9190294773meditationthe act of deep thinking or reflection, often on a particular idea148
9192105232temporalrelating to the everyday world as opposed to that which is spiritual or eternal149
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