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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 7 Flashcards

2680612728	Aerobic metabolism	The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste	0
2680614059	Anaerobic metabolism	the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.	1
2680616119	Cardiac output	the amount of blood ejected from the hear in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)	2
2680617776	Chemoreceptors	chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide	3
2680622299	Dead air space	air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli	4
2680623240	Dehydration	an abnormally low amount of water in the body	5
2680625484	Diaphoresis	cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating	6
2680628312	Edema	swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space	7
2680630794	Electrolyte	A substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charge particles	8
2680634905	FiO2	fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe	9
2680640760	Hydrostatic pressure	the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel	10
2680687812	Hypersensitivity	an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance	11
2680647738	Hypoperfusion	inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition. Also called shock.	12
2680650463	Metabolism	The cellular function of converting nutrients into energy	13
2680651585	Minute volume	The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the numbers of breaths per minute	14
2680656758	Patent	open and clear; free from obstruction.	15
2680658490	Pathophysiology	The study how disease processes affect the function of the body.	16
2680659896	Perfusion	The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cell and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.	17
2680664044	Plasma oncotic pressure	the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma proteins in the plasma portion of the blood that tend to pull water from the body into the bloodstream.	18
2680670037	Shock	see hypoperfusion	19
2680670811	stretcher receptors	sensors in the blood vessels that identify internal pressure	20
2680672841	stroke volume	the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction	21
2680673546	systemic vascular resistance	the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system	22
2680675474	tidal volume	the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing.	23
2680677227	V/Q match	ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide	24

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 6 Flashcards

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2663598209	Acetabulum	The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.	0
2663600128	Acromioclavicular Joint	The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet.	1
2663603099	Acromion Process	The highest portion of the shoulder	2
2663603949	Alveoli	The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the blood stream takes place.	3
2663605436	Anatomy	The study of body structure.	4
2663606417	Aorta	The largest artery of the body. It transports blood from the left to the right ventricle to begin systemic circulation.	5
2663607725	Appendix	A small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood.	6
2663610067	Arteriole	The smallest kind of artery.	7
2663610953	Artery	Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.	8
2663612603	Atria	The two upper chambers of the heart.	9
2663613848	Automaticity	The ability of the heart to generate and conduct its own electrical impulses.	10
2663615307	Autonomic Nervous System	The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.	11
2663616139	Bladder	The round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine.	12
2663617167	Blood Pressure	The pressure caused by the blood exerting force against the walls of the blood vessels.	13
2663619346	Brachial Artery	Artery of the upper arm. The site of the pulse checked during infant CPR.	14
2663621680	Bronchi	The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.	15
2663623579	Calcaneus	The heel bone.	16
2663624154	Capillary	A thin walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells take place.	17
2663627223	Cardiac Conduction System	A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.	18
2663628589	Cardiac Muscle	Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart.	19
2663629570	Cardiovascular System	The system made up of the heart and the blood vessels .	20
2663630838	Carotid arteries	Large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head.	21
2663632367	Carpals	The wrist bones.	22
2663632773	Central Nervous System	The brain and the spinal cord.	23
2663634311	Central Pulses	The carotid and femoral pulses which can be felt in a central part of the body.	24
2663635328	Clavicle	The collarbone.	25
2663636967	Coronary arteries	Blood vessels which can be felt in the central part of the body.	26
2663640178	Cranium	The top, back, and sides of the skull.	27
2663640628	Cricoid cartilage	The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx.	28
2663642355	Dermis	The inner second later of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis	29
2663643683	Diaphragm	The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.	30
2663645349	Diastolic blood pressure	The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling.	31
2663646461	Digestive System	System by which food travels through the body and is broken down into absorbable forms.	32
2663648364	Dorsalis pedis artery	Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.	33
2663649119	Endocrine system	System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate the many body activities and functions.	34
2663655859	Epidermis	The outer layer of the skin.	35
2663656429	Epiglottis	A leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.	36
2663658228	Epinephrine	A hormone produced by the body. As a medication it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.	37
2663659173	Exhalation	A passive process in which intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size forcing air out of the lungs.	38
2663663400	Femoral artery	The major artery supplying the leg.	39
2663664268	Femur	The large bone of the thigh.	40
2663664696	Fibula	The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.	41
2663666366	Gallbladder	A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver.	42
2663667063	Humerus	The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.	43
2663667558	Hypoprofusion	The inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition also known as shock.	44
2663670456	Ilium	The superior and widest portion of the pelvis.	45
2663672414	Inhalation	An active process in which the intercostal muscle and diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity causing air to flow into the lungs.	46
2663673471	Insulin	A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics.	47
2663675044	Involuntary Muscle	Muscle that responds automatically to the brain signals but can not be consciously controlled.	48
2663675764	Ischium	The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis.	49
2663676439	Joint	Where two bones come together.	50
2663676442	Kidneys	Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body.	51
2663677338	Large intestine	The muscular tube that removes water from the waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion	52
2663686185	Larynx	The voice box	53
2663686435	Ligament	Tissue that connects bone to bone	54
2663686436	Liver	The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in the breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body.	55
2663688392	Lungs	The organ where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place	56
2663692478	Lymphatic system	The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body's immune system.	57
2663694043	Malleolus	The protrusion on the side of the ankle. This refers to both the lateral and medial versions.	58
2663695262	Mandible	The lower jaw-bone.	59
2663695827	Manubrium	The superior portion of the sternum.	60
2663696201	Maxillae	The two fused bones forming the upper-jaw.	61
2663696754	Metacarpals	The hand bones.	62
2663697053	Metatarsals	The foot bones.	63
2663697540	Muscle	Tissue that can contract to allow movement.	64
2663700826	Musculoskeletal system	The system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement.	65
2663703237	Nasal bones	The nose bones.	66
2663703584	Nasopharynx	The area directly posterior to the nose.	67
2663703988	Nervous system	The system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought.	68
2663705360	Orbits	The bony structures around the eyes.	69
2663712586	Oropharynx	The area directly posterior to the mouth.	70
2663712956	Ovaries	Egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system.	71
2663713528	Pancreas	A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in the digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.	72
2663717904	Patella	The kneecap	73
2663717905	Pelvis	The basin-shapped bony structure that supports the spine and is the proximal attachment for the lower extremities.	74
2663719912	Penis	The organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm.	75
2663721195	Perfusion	The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.	76
2663724960	Peripheral Nervous System	The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between he brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord.	77
2663726336	Peripheral Pulses	The radial, brachial, posterior tibal, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body.	78
2663728497	Phalanges	The toe bones and finger bones.	79
2663728864	Pharynx	The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose.	80
2663729876	Physiology	The study of body function.	81
2663730286	Plasma	The fluid portion of the blood.	82
2663730540	Platelets	Components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells.	83
2663731637	Posterior Tibial Artery	Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle.	84
2663733338	Pubis	The medial anterior portion of the pelvis	85
2663733670	Pulmonary Arteries	The vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.	86
2663735086	Pulmonary Veins	The vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.	87
2663736306	Pulse	The rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries.	88
2663737181	Radial Artery	Artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking a pulse at the thumb side of the wrist.	89
2663737773	Radius	The lateral bone of the forearm.	90
2663738120	Red Blood Cells	Components of the blood. They carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells.	91
2663739495	Renal System	The body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system.	92
2663744096	Reproductive System	The body system that is responsible for human reproduction.	93
2663744818	Respiration	The process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells.	94
2663746272	Respiratory system	The system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide.	95
2663747005	Scapula	The shoulder blade.	96
2663748606	Skeleton	The bones of the body.	97
2663748808	Skin	The layer of tissue between the body and external environment.	98
2663749340	Skull	The bony structure of the head.	99
2663749849	Small Intestine	The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided unto the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls.	100
2663752197	Spleen	An organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood.	101
2663753340	Sternum	The breastbone	102
2663753613	Stomach	Muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food beings.	103
2663754052	Subcutaneous Layers	the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis.	104
2663755526	Systolic Blood Pressure	The pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation.	105
2663757656	Tarsals	The ankle bone.	106
2663758202	Tendon	Tissue that connects muscle to bone.	107
2663759594	Testes	The male organs of the reproduction used for the production of sperm.	108
2663760818	Thorax	The chest.	109
2663760819	Thyroid cartilage	The wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam's apple.	110
2663762980	Tibia	The medial and larger bone of the lower leg.	111
2663763254	Torso	The trunk of the body.	112
2663763527	Trachea	The windpipe, the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs.	113
2663765130	Ulna	The medial bone of the forearm.	114
2663765501	Ureters	The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder.	115
2663765644	Urethra	Tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine.	116
2663766443	Uterus	Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.	117
2663767767	Vagina	The female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus.	118
2663769381	Valve	A structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction.	119
2663770337	Vein	Any blood vessel returning to the heart.	120
2663770820	Venae Cavae	Superior and inferior, these two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium.	121
2663773563	Ventilation	The process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.	122
2663776360	Ventricles	The two lower chambers of the heart.	123
2663776512	Venule	The smallest kind of vein.	124
2663777466	Vertebrae	The thirty-three bones of the spinal column.	125
2663778287	Voluntary Muscle	Muscle that can be consciously controlled	126
2663779307	White Blood Cells	Components of blood. The produce substances which help fight infection.	127
2663780366	Xiphoid process	The inferior portion of the sternum.	128
2663780669	Zygomatic arches	Bones that form the structure of the cheeks.	129

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 5 Flashcards

Key terms from chapter 5 covering medical terminology.

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2663532793	Abdominal Quadrants	Four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of pain or injury.	0
2663536548	Anatomic Position	The standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.	1
2663538581	Anatomy	The study of body structure.	2
2663539581	Anterior	The front of the body or body part.	3
2663540140	Bilateral	On both sides.	4
2663540542	Combining Form	A word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word.	5
2663543171	Compound	A word formed from two or more whole words.	6
2663544249	Distal	Farthest away from the torso.	7
2663544900	Dorsal	Referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. Synonym to posterior.	8
2663546016	Fowler Position	A sitting position.	9
2663546559	Inferior	Away from the head, usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head. (e.g. the lips are inferior to the nose.)	10
2663547714	Lateral	To the side, away from the midline of the body.	11
2663548470	Medial	Toward the midline of the body.	12
2663548936	Mid-axillary Line	A line vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle.	13
2663551699	Mid-clavicular Line	A line drawn through the center of each clavicle.	14
2663552786	Midline	An imaginary line drawn down the enter of the body dividing it into right and left halves.	15
2663555441	Palmar	referring to the palm of the hand.	16
2663556234	Physiology	The study of body functions.	17
2663556235	Plane	A flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object.	18
2663557756	Plantar	Referring to the sole of the foot.	19
2663558339	Posterior	The back of the body or body part.	20
2663558937	Prefix	Word part added to the beginning of a root or word to modify or quantify its meaning.	21
2663560442	Prone	Lying face down.	22
2663561061	Proximal	Closer to the torso.	23
2663562131	Recovery Position	Lying on the side. Also known as lateral recumbent position.	24
2663563434	Root	Foundation of a word that is not a word that can stand on its own. (i.e. cardi)	25
2663567104	Suffix	Word part added to the end of a root or word to complete its meaning. (i.e. -itis)	26
2663568590	Superior	Toward the head.	27
2663569125	Supine	Lying on the back.	28
2663569631	Torso	The trunk of the body, or the body without the head and the extremities.	29
2663570260	Unilateral	Limited to one side	30
2663570805	Ventral	Referring to the front of the body. Synonym to anterior.	31
2663574421	Behind the nose.	Postnasal	32
2663577738	Inflammation of the stomach.	Gastritis	33
2663579943	The study of the nervous system.	Neurology	34
2663579944	Inflammation of the liver.	Hepatitis	35
2663581417	Fast heart.	Tachycardia	36
2663583703	Slow breathing.	Bradypnea	37
2663585396	Inflammation of the nerves.	Neuritis	38
2664964381	Broncho/pulmo	Lungs, root.	39
2664965184	Cardi	Heart, root.	40
2664965665	Gastro	Stomach, root	41
2664966140	Hepat	Liver, root	42
2664966833	Neur	Nerve, root	43
2664967249	Nas	Nose/nasal, root	44
2664967250	Or	Oral/mouth, root	45
2664968006	Pneumo	Air or lungs, root	46
2664968422	Ab-	Away from	47
2664968423	Ad-	Toward or near	48
2664968956	Ante-	before	49
2664968957	Brady-	Slow/before normal	50
2664970182	Contra-	Against	51
2664970183	Dys-	Difficult or painful	52
2664970988	Hyper-	Above normal, high	53
2664971668	Hypo-	Below normal, low	54
2664972253	Inter-	Between	55
2664972254	Peri-	Around	56
2664973793	Poly-	Many	57
2664974912	Post-	After	58
2664974913	Pre-	Before	59
2664975699	Super/supra	Above or in excess	60
2664976267	Tachy-	Above normal, rapid	61
2664976682	Uni-	One	62
2664977177	-ac	Pertaining to, hemopheliac	63
2664978051	-algia	Pain	64
2664980051	-itis	Inflammation	65
2664980854	-ology	The study of	66
2664980855	-plegia	Paralysis	67
2664981642	-pnea	Breathing	68
2664982878	-rrhea	Discharge	69
2664983368	-spasm	Contraction	70
2664983865	-al	Pertaining to	71
2664983866	-ist	One who specializes in, Cardiologist	72

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 4 Flashcards

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2680479499	Abandonment	Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical training.	0
2680481105	Advanced Directive	A DNR order; instructions written in advance of an event.	1
2680482203	Assault	Placing a person in fear of bodily harm.	2
2680485308	Battery	Causing bodily harm to or restraining a person.	3
2680486002	Confidentiality	The obligation not to reveal information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in the patient's care or subpoena or in a court of law or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality.	4
2680500396	Consent	Permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT.	5
2680502041	Crime Scene	The location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found.	6
2680506780	Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order	A legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient had a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitation efforts	7
2680545032	Duty to Act	An obligation to provide care to a patient.	8
2680546068	Ethical	Regarding a social system or social or professional expectations for applying principals of right and wrong.	9
2680548584	Expressed consent	Consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make rational decisions in regard to their medical well-being.	10
2680549808	Good Samaritan laws	A series of laws, varying in each state, designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency care.	11
2680553211	HIPPA	The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed.	12
2680560506	Implied consent	The consent it is presumed a patient or a patient's parent or guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed.	13
2680563739	In loco parentis	In place of a parent, indicating a person who may give consent for care of a child when the parents are not present or able to give consent.	14
2680566561	Liability	Being held legally responsible	15
2680570405	Libel	False injurious information in written form	16
2680571933	Moral	Regarding personal standards or principals of right and wrong.	17
2680573065	Negligence	A finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result.	18
2680576403	Organ donor	A person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death.	19
2680583824	Physicians Order for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST)	Physicians orders that state not only the patient's wishes regarding resuscitation attempts but also the patient's wishes of artificial feeding, antibiotics, and other life-sustaining care if the person is unable top state his desires later.	20
2680587813	res ipsa loquitur	a Latin term meaning, "the thing speaks for itself"	21
2680592070	Safe haven law	A law that permits a person to drop off an infant or child at a police, fire, or EMS station or to deliver the infant or child to ant available public safety personnel. The intent of the law is to protect children who may otherwise be abandoned or harmed.	22
2680597199	Slander	False injurious information stated verbally	23
2680600116	Standard of care	For an EMT providing care for an specific patient in a specific situation, the care that would be expected to be provided by an EMT with similar training when caring for a patient in a similar situation.	24
2680602545	Tort	A civil, not criminal, offense; an action or injury cased by negligence from which a lawsuit may arise.	25

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 3 Flashcards

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2664287419	Bariatric	Having to do with patients who are significantly obese or overweight.	0
2664288034	Body Mechanics	The proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and preventing injury.	1
2664290209	Direct Carry	A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher, during which two or more rescuers curl the patient to their chests then revers the process to lower the patient to the stretcher.	2
2664291326	Direct Ground Lift	A method of lifting and carrying a patient from ground level to a stretcher in which two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient ro their chests, stand, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher.	3
2664293249	Draw-sheet method	A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher by grasping and pulling the loosened bottom of the bed sheet.	4
2664294464	Extremity Lift	A method of lifting and carrying a patient during which one rescuer slips hands under the patient's armpits and grasps the wrists, while another rescuer grasps the patient's knees.	5
2664295550	Power Grip	Gripping with as much hand surface area as possible in contact with the object being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle, and hands at least ten inches apart.	6
2664297546	Power Lift	A lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the ground, body weight on or just behind the balls of the feet, and back locked in. The upper body is raised before the hips. Also called the squat-lift position.	7

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 2 Flashcards

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2664248768	Contamination	The introduction of dangerous chemicals, disease, or infectious material into an area or persons which has not been previously affected by said agent.	0
2664250851	Critical Incident Stress Management	A comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately.	1
2664251644	Decontamination	The removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials.	2
2664252933	Hazardous Material Incident	The release of a harmful substance into the environment.	3
2664253665	Multiple-casualty incident.	An emergency involving multiple patients.	4
2664253915	Pathogens	The organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria.	5
2664255211	Personal Protective Equipment	Equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and/or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations.	6
2664256111	Standard Precautions	A strict form of infection control that is based upon the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.	7
2664256742	Stress	A state of physical and or psychological stimulus.	8
2664258246	Delayed Stress Reaction	Also known as PTSD, can be triggered by a specific event but psychological effects may not present until days, months, or even years later. Characterized by nightmares, feelings of detachment, irritability, sleep difficulties, or problems with concentration.	9
2664260720	Acute Stress Reaction	Often linked to catastrophes, such as large scale natural disasters. Reaction occurs rapidly and may develop simultaneously with the incident or within a very short time following the incident. Signs and symptoms may include chest pain, difficulty breathing, abnormal heart rhythms, uncontrollable crying, inappropriate behavior, and a disruption in normal, rational thinking.	10
2664265551	Cumulative Stress Reaction	This reaction, also known as, "burnout," results from sustained low-level stressors and develop over a period of years.	11
2664270747	Cumulative Stress Reaction Early Signs	Vague anxiety, progressing to boredom, apathy, and a feeling of emotional exhaustion.	12
2664272333	Cumulative Stress Reaction Progressing Signs	Physical complaints begin to appear. Headaches, stomach ailments, disturbances in sleep, loss of emotional control, irritability, withdrawal from others, and increasing depression. May also include substance abuse, loss of sexual drive, poor interpersonal relationships, and limited self control.	13
2664277214	Cumulative Stress Reaction Late Signs	May present as a physical illness, uncontrollable emotions, overwhelming physical and emotional fatigue, severe social withdrawal, paranoia, or suicidal thoughts.	14
2664281521	Significant Causes of Stress for EMTs'	Multiple-casualty incidents Calls involving infants and children Severe injuries Abuse and neglect (Elderly and Pediatrics) Death of a co-workers	15

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Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 1 Flashcards

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2664227818	Evidence-based	Description of medical techniques or practices that are supported by scientific evidence of their safety and efficacy, rather than merely by supposition or tradition.	0
2664230191	Medical Direction	Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director.	1
2664233997	Medical Director	A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of an EMS system. EMS professionals work under this physicians license which extends the privilege to practice at an expanded scope of practice while on duty.	2
2664234860	911 System	A system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher takes the information and alers the EMS, fire, or police departments as needed.	3
2664236080	Enhanced 911	A 911 system which has the ability to automatically identify a caller's phone number and location.	4
2664237275	Off-line Medical Direction	Standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMT's to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician.	5
2664239268	On-line Medical Direction	Orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone.	6
2664242053	Patient outcomes	The long-term survival rate of patients.	7
2664242577	Protocols	List of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of an EMS service.	8
2664243937	Quality Improvement	A process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that requires improvement.	9
2664245326	Standing orders	A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMT's and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.	10

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AMSCO AP US History Chapter 6 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 6 The Constitution and the New Republic, 1787-1800

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4984408175	James Madison	He is one of the people who wrote the Constitution, and he is known as the Father of the Constitution. He was later elected president in 1808, and served for two terms. (p. 104)	0
4984408176	Alexander Hamilton	One of the authors of the Federalist Papers. He favored a strong central government. He was George Washington's secretary of the treasury. (p. 106)	1
4984408177	Framers of the Constitution	In the summer of 1787, 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to create a federal constitution. As a group they were wealthy, white, male, educated and most were heavily involved in state governments. (p. 104)	2
4984408178	Gouverneur Morris	Leader who helped write the Constitution. (p. 105)	3
5419965251	John Dickinson	Leader who helped write the Constitution. (p. 105)	4
4984408179	Federalists	Favored a strong central government, and a Constitution to improve on the Articles of Confederation. They were most common along the Atlantic coast and in the large cities. (p. 106)	5
4984408180	Anti-Federalist	Argued that the proposed Constitution contained no protection of individual rights, and that it gave the federal government too much power. They tended to be small farmers and settlers on the western frontier. (p. 106)	6
4984408181	The Federalist Papers	Series of essays, later published as a book, written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. It argued effectively in favor of Constitution. (p. 106)	7
4984408182	Bill of Rights; amendments	The first ten amendments to the Constitution, added to protect the rights of individual citizens, and adopted in 1781. (p. 108)	8
4984408185	Washington's Farewell Address	In late 1796, George Washington wrote this address for publication in newspapers. It warned Americans: not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances in foreign affairs, not to from political parties, and not to fall into sectionalism. (p. 115)	9
4984408186	permanent alliances	George Washington's farewell address warned against in having permanent alliances in foreign affairs. (p. 115)	10
4984408187	Alien and Sedition Acts	Acts by the Federalists, which authorized the president to deport dangerous aliens, and detain enemy aliens in wartime. Made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or Congress. (p. 117)	11
4984408188	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	In 1799, two states passed resolutions that argued states had the right to nullify laws passed at the federal level. (p. 117)	12
4984408189	slave trade	At the Constitutional Convention it was agreed that the slaves could be imported for twenty more years, until 1808. At that time, Congress could vote to abolish the practice. (p. 105)	13
4984408190	infant industries	This was part of Federalist Alexander Hamilton's economic plan. The term for new and developing industries, which were supported by placing high tariffs on imported goods. (p. 110)	14
4984408191	national bank	This was part of Federalist Alexander Hamilton's economic plan. He favored a bank for depositing government funds and printing banknotes that could provide the basis for a stable U.S. currency. (p. 110)	15
5426106622	tariffs; excise taxes	This was part of Federalist Alexander Hamilton's economic plan. High tariffs were placed on imported goods to help new and developing industries. (p. 110)	16
4984408192	Battle of Fallen Timbers	In 1794, the U.S. Army led by General Anthony Wayne defeated the American Indians at this battle in northwestern Ohio. (p. 113)	17
4984408193	Treaty of Greenville	In this treaty in 1795, the American Indians surrendered claims to the Ohio Valley and promised to open it to settlement. (p. 113)	18
5419978300	Public Land Act (1796)	In 1796, this act established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices. (p. 113)	19
4984408194	Mt. Vernon Conference	In 1785, George Washington hosted a conference at his home, in Mt. Vernon, Virginia. It led to the Annapolis Convention of 1786. (p. 104)	20
4984408195	Annapolis Convention	In 1786, only five states sent delegates to this convention. However, it led to Constitutional Convention of 1787. (p. 104)	21
4984408196	Constitutional Convention	In the summer of 1787, 55 delegates from the thirteen states, excluding Rhode Island, met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The purpose was to create the Constitution, which would replace the Articles of Confederation. (p. 104)	22
4984408197	checks and balances	So that one one branch of government could not dominate, the Constitution divided the government into three branches: 1) executive branch led by the president, 2) legislative branch consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives 3) judicial branch lead by the Supreme Court (p. 109)	23
4984408198	Virginia Plan	James Madison's proposal at the Constitutional Convention, which favored the large states. (p. 105)	24
4984408199	New Jersey Plan	The counter proposal to the Virginia plan at the Constitutional Convention, it favored the small states. (p 105)	25
4984408200	Connecticut Plan; Great Compromise	The compromise solution that was adopted at the Constitutional Convention. It was created by Roger Sherman of Connecticut, it provided for a two house Congress. In the Senate, states would have two senators each, but in the House of Representatives, each state would be represented according to the size of its population. (p. 105)	26
4984408201	House of Representatives	Part of the legislative branch, representation would be based on population of each state. (p. 105)	27
4984408202	Senate	Part of the legislative branch, there would be two senators from each state. (p. 105)	28
4984408203	Three Fifths Compromise	At the Constitutional Convention it was agreed that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of determining a state's level of taxation and representation. (p. 105)	29
4984408204	Commercial Compromise	At the Constitutional Convention Congress was allowed to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs on foreign imports but prohibited for placing taxes on exports. (p. 105)	30
4984408205	electoral college system	This system would determine the president of the United States. Each state was given a number of electors equal to the total of their number of representatives and senators. These electors would then vote to determine the president. (p. 106)	31
4984408206	Legislative branch	The branch of the federal government that makes the laws, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. (p. 105)	32
4984408207	Congress	The legislative branch consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. (p. 105)	33
4984408208	executive departments; cabinet	George Washington organized new departments of the executive (law-enforcing) branch. These appointments had to be confirmed by the Senate. The term for the heads of the executive departments appointed by the president. (p. 110)	34
4984408210	Henry Knox	President George Washington's secretary of war. (p. 110)	35
4984408211	Edmund Randolph	President George Washington's attorney general. (p. 110)	36
4984408212	Judiciary Act (1789)	In 1789, this act established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices. The Supreme Court was able to rule on the constitutionality of state courts. It provided for a system of thirteen district courts and three courts of appeals. (p. 110)	37
4984408213	federal courts	Thirteen district courts and three courts of appeals created by the Judiciary Act. (p. 110)	38
4984408214	Supreme Court	The only court mentioned in the Constitution. Although, other federal courts were created. (p. 110)	39
4984408215	national debt	This was part of Federalist Alexander Hamilton's economic plan. He insisted that the federal government assume the war debts of the states and pay off the national debt at face value. (p. 110)	40
4984408216	Whiskey Rebellion	In 1794, a group of farmers in western Pennsylvania, refused to pay a federal excise tax (tax on a specific product) on whiskey they were producing. President Washington responded by using 15,000 militiamen to stop the rebellion with almost no bloodshed. (p. 113)	41
4984408217	Federalists era	The period of U.S. history in the 1790s when Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, dominated the government. (p. 114)	42
4984408218	Democratic-Republican Party	Political party that were against the Federalists. They opposed strong central government and favored states rights. They were led by Thomas Jefferson. (p. 114)	43
4984408219	political parties	Not anticipated by founders of the United States. However, buy 1787, the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans parties were forming to push their agendas. (p. 113)	44
4984408220	two-term tradition	In 1796, George Washington decided to step down after two terms (four years per term) as president. This set the precedent, until Franklin Delano Roosevelt won four elections. In 1951, the 22nd amendment made two-term limit part of the Constitution. (p. 115)	45
4984408221	John Adams	In 1796, this Federalist, was elected as the second president of the United States. In 1800, he lost the presidential election to Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican. (p. 115, 117)	46
4984408222	Revolution of 1800	In the 1800 election, Democratic-Republicans came into power in both the executive and legislative branches of government. They defeated the Federalists and peacefully took power, which was an uncommon event at that time in history. (p. 118)	47
4984408223	French Revolution	Americans generally supported the French people's aspiration to establish a republic, but many were horrified by the reports of mob hysteria and mass executions. Thomas Jefferson and his supporters argued that the U.S. should join France in its defensive war against Britain. However, George Washington believed that the U.S. was too young a nation and not strong enough to engage in a European war. (p. 111)	48
4984408224	Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)	In 1793, President George Washington issued a proclamation the U.S. would remain neutral in the war between Britain and France. (p. 111)	49
4984408225	"Citizen" Genet	Edmund Gent, the French minister to the United States, objected to Washington's neutrality in the war between Britain and France. He appealed directly to the American people to support the French cause. France removed him from his position at the United States's request. (p. 111)	50
4984408226	Jay Treaty (1794)	In 1794, this treaty with Britain, was negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay. The U.S. wanted Britain to stop seizing U.S. ships and impressing our sailors. However, the treaty said nothing about ship seizures, and Britain only agreed to evacuate posts on the U.S. frontier. (p. 111)	51
4984408227	Pinckney Treaty (1795)	In 1795, Thomas Pinckney, the U.S. minister to Spain, negotiated this treaty with Spain. Spain agreed to open the lower Mississippi and New Orleans to trade. The right of deposit was granted to Americans so they could transfer cargos in New Orleans without paying duties. It was agreed that Spain would only control area south of the 31st parallel. (p 112)	52
4984408228	Right of deposit	United States ships gained right to transfer cargoes in New Orleans without Spanish duties. (p. 112)	53
4984408229	XYZ Affair	President John Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate over U.S. merchant ships being attacked by French ships. French ministers, known as X, Y, and Z, because there names were never revealed, requested bribes. President Adams resisted a call for war, by sending a new delegation to France. (p. 116)	54

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APUSH The American Pageant 15th Edition Chapter 6 Flashcards

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2074416119	Edward Braddock	Hardheaded and imperious British general,whose detachment of British and colonial soldiers was routed by French and Indian forces at Fort Duquesne	0
2074416120	Samuel de Champlain	French soldier and explorer, dubbed the Father of New France for establishing the city of Quebec and fighting alongside the Huron Indians to repel the Iroquois	1
2074416121	Louis XIV	Long reigning French monarch who took a keen interest in colonization, sending French explorers throughout North America, establishing outposts in present day Canada and Louisiana, and launching France to global preeminence. He oversaw the construction of the magnificent palace at Versailles, from where he ruled until his death	2
2074416122	William Pitt	British parliamentarian who rose to prominence during the French and Indian War as the brilliant tactician behind Britain's victory over France	3
2074416123	Pontiac	Ottawa chief who led an uprising against the British in the wake of the French and Indian war. Initially routing British forces at Detroit, he and his men succumbed after British troops distributed small pox infected blankets among the Indians	4
2074416124	James Wolfe	Young British commander who skillfully outmaneuvered French forces in the Battle of Quebec during the French and Indian War	5
2074416125	Acadians	French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns."	6
2074416126	Albany Congress (1754)	Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French.	7
2074416127	Coureurs de bois	Translated as "runners of the woods," they were French fur-trappers, also known as "voyageurs" (travelers), who established trading posts throughout North America. The fur trade wreaked havoc on the health and folkways of their Native American trading partners.	8
2074416128	Edict of Nantes (1598)	Decree issued by the French crown granting limited toleration to French Protestants. Ended religious wars in France and inaugurated a period of French preeminence in Europe and across the Atlantic. Its repeal in 1685 prompted a fresh migration of Protestant Huguenots to North America.	9
2074416129	French and Indian War (Seven Years War) (1754-1763)	Nine-year war between the British and the French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years' War in Europe.	10
2074416130	Huguenots	French Protestant dissenters, the Huguenots were granted limited toleration under the Edict of Nantes. After King Louis XIV outlawed Protestantism in 1685, many Huguenots fled elsewhere, including to British North America.	11
2074416131	King Georg's War (1744-1748)	North American theater of Europe's War of Austrian Succession that once again pitted British colonists against their French counterparts in the North. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government.	12
2074416132	King William's War (1689-1697)	War fought largely between French trappers, British settlers, and their respective Indian allies from 1689-1697. The colonial theater of the larger War of the League of Augsburg in Europe.	13
2074416133	Pontiac's uprising (1763)	Bloody campaign waged by Ottawa chief Pontiac to drive the British out of Ohio Country. It was brutally crushed by British troops, who resorted to distributing blankets infected with smallpox as a means to put down the rebellion.	14
2074416134	Proclamation of 1763	Decree issued by Parliament in the wake of Pontiac's uprising, prohibiting settlement beyond the Appalachians. Contributed to rising resentment of British rule in the American colonies.	15
2074416135	Battle of Québec (1759)	Historic British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Québec. The surrender of Québec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America.	16
2074416136	Queen Anne's War (1702-1713)	Second in a series of conflicts between the European powers for control of North America, fought between the English and French colonists in the North, and the English and Spanish in Florida. Under the peace treaty, the French ceded Acadia (Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to Britain.	17
2074416137	regulars	Trained professional soldiers, as distinct from militia or conscripts. During the French and Indian War, British generals, used to commanding experienced regulars, often showed contempt for ill-trained colonial militiamen.	18
2074416138	War of Jenkins's Ear	Small-scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and in the buffer colony, Georgia. It merged with the much larger War of Austrian Succession in 1742.	19

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Paleolithic ART Flashcards

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2932872611	Animal facing left, charcoal on stone Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	0
2932877190	Altamira Cave Painting, bisons Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	1
2932879696	Lascaux Cave Painting, Hall of Bulls Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	2
2932890352	Lascaux Cave Painting, man and bison Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	3
2932892958	Peche- Merle Cave Painting, horses and negative handprints Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	4
2932895878	Chauvet Cave Painting Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	5
2932898404	Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	6
2932900073	Woman holding bison horn, Laussel France Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	7
2932901410	Bison, from La Madeleine Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	8
2932903963	Clay Relief of Two Bison Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	9
2932905047	Human with Feline Head Paleolithic Period 30,000 - 10,000 BC	10