| 2759751577 | The over-arching theme of chapter 5 is that the American colonies quickly became unique from any other country. Although the people came from established nations, they blended into "Americans."
The Americans were very diverse for that time period. New England was largely from English background, New York was Dutch, Pennsylvania was German, the Appalachian frontier was Scots-Irish, the southern coast African-American and English, and there were spots of French, Swiss, and Scots-Highlanders.
Although they came from different origins, the ethnicities were knowingly or what mingling and melting together into something called "Americans."
Most people were farmers, an estimated 90%. The northern colonies held what little industry America had at the time: shipbuilding, iron works, rum running, trade, whaling, fishing. The south dealt with crops, slaves, and naval stores.
There were two main Protestant denominations: the Congregational Church up north, and the Anglican Church down south. Both were "established" meaning tax money went to the church. Poised for growth were the "backwoods" faiths of the Baptists and Methodists that grew by leaps thanks to the Great Awakening. | The over-arching theme of chapter 5 is that the American colonies quickly became unique from any other country. Although the people came from established nations, they blended into "Americans."
The Americans were very diverse for that time period. New England was largely from English background, New York was Dutch, Pennsylvania was German, the Appalachian frontier was Scots-Irish, the southern coast African-American and English, and there were spots of French, Swiss, and Scots-Highlanders.
Although they came from different origins, the ethnicities were knowingly or what mingling and melting together into something called "Americans."
Most people were farmers, an estimated 90%. The northern colonies held what little industry America had at the time: shipbuilding, iron works, rum running, trade, whaling, fishing. The south dealt with crops, slaves, and naval stores.
There were two main Protestant denominations: the Congregational Church up north, and the Anglican Church down south. Both were "established" meaning tax money went to the church. Poised for growth were the "backwoods" faiths of the Baptists and Methodists that grew by leaps thanks to the Great Awakening. | | 0 |
| 2394374794 | I. CONQUEST BY THE CRADLE! | I. CONQUEST BY THE CRADLE! | | 1 |
| 2394386046 | 13 | By 1775, Great Britain ruled 32 colonies, but only ? of them were in what is today the U.S. Canada and Jamaica were wealthier than the "original 13". |  | 2 |
| 2394407187 | Alleghenies | By 1775, the population numbered 2.5 million. The average age was 16, due to having many children. 4. 95% of the population was east of THIS, though by 1775, some had slowly trickled into Tennessee and Kentucky. |  | 3 |
| 2394453048 | farmers | About 90% of the people lived in rural areas and were therefore THIS. |  | 4 |
| 2394457875 | II. A MINGLING OF RACES! | II. A MINGLING OF THE RACES! | | 5 |
| 2394469827 | Germans | THIS group accounted for about 6% of the population, or about 150,000 by 1775.
Most were Protestant (primarily Lutheran) and were called the "Pennsylvania Dutch." |  | 6 |
| 2394483768 | Scots-Irish | THIS group was about 7% of the population, with 175,000 people. Over many decades, they had been transplanted to Northern Ireland, but they had not found a home there (the already existing Irish Catholics resented the intruders). |  | 7 |
| 2396209421 | squatters | Many of the Scots-Irish reached America and became THIS, quarreling with both Indians and white land owners. They seemed to try to move as far from Britain as possible, trickling down to Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolina. |  | 8 |
| 2396222375 | Paxton boys | In 1764, the Scots-Irish led the armed march of THIS. They led a march on Philadelphia to protest the Quaker' peaceful treatment of the Indians. |  | 9 |
| 2396230596 | the Regulatory Movement | In 1764, western North Carolinians, mainly Scots-Irish, resented the way the eastern part of the state dominated political affairs. They started THIS movement in the hills of North Carolina. Many later became American Revolutionists. |  | 10 |
| 2396257548 | About 5% of the multicolored population consisted of other European groups, like French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, and Scots-Highlanders.
Americans were of all races and mixed bloods, so it was no wonder that other races from other countries had a hard time classifying them.
(NO QUESTION) | About 5% of the multicolored population consisted of other European groups, like French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, and Scots-Highlanders.
Americans were of all races and mixed bloods, so it was no wonder that other races from other countries had a hard time classifying them.
(NO QUESTION) | | 11 |
| 2396259344 | III. THE STRUCTURES OF THE COLONIAL SOCIETY! | III. THE STRUCTURES OF THE COLONIAL SOCIETY! | | 12 |
| 2396268610 | aristocrats | Unlike Europe, America was a land of opportunity. Anyone who who worked hard could go far and poverty was scorned. Class differences did emerge, as a small group of THESE (made up of the rich farmers, merchants, officials, and clergymen) had much of the power. |  | 13 |
| 2396278997 | planters | In the South, a firm social structure emerged containing: The immensely rich plantation owes ("AKA") had many slaves (though these were few). |  | 14 |
| 2396294084 | "Yeoman" | "THESE" farmers, or small farmers.
They owned their own land and, maybe, a few slaves. |  | 15 |
| 2396301313 | indentured servants | THESE were the paupers and the criminals sent to the New World.
Some of them were actually unfortunate victims of Britain's unfair laws and did become respectable citizens. |  | 16 |
| 2396311457 | Bacon's Rebellion | Indentured servants were dwindling though by the 1700s, thanks to THIS Rebellion and the move away from this type of labor and toward slavery. |  | 17 |
| 2396313438 | IV. CLERICS, PHYSICIANS, AND JURISTS! | IV. CLERICS, PHYSICIANS, AND JURISTS! | | 18 |
| 2396373127 | clergy
or
priests | THEY were the most honored profession in the colonial times, which in 1775, had less power than before the height of the "Bible Commonwealth," but still wielded a great amount of authority. |  | 19 |
| 2396387958 | priests | THEY were not highly esteemed and many of them were bad as medical practices were archaic. Bleeding was often a favorite, and deadly, solution to illness. |  | 20 |
| 2396402768 | smallpox | Plagues were a nightmare. THIS (inflicted 1 in 5 persons, including George Washington) was rampant, though a crude form of inoculation for it was introduced in 1721. Some of the clergy and doctors did not like the inoculation though, preferring not to tamper with the will of God. |  | 21 |
| 2396418928 | lawyers | At first, THEY weren't liked, being regarded as noisy scumbags. Criminals often represented themselves in court. By 1750, they were recognized as useful, and many defended high-profile cases, were great orators and played important roles in the history of America. |  | 22 |
| 2396422844 | V. WORKDAY AMERICA! | V. WORKDAY AMERICA! | | 23 |
| 2396431338 | agriculture | THIS was the leading industry in colonial America (by huge margin), since farmers could grow anything. In Maryland and Virginia, tobacco was the staple crop, and by 1759, New York was exporting 80,000 barrels of flour a year. |  | 24 |
| 2396438280 | fishing | THIS could be rewarding in colonial America as well, though not as much as farming, and it was pursued in all the American colonies especially in New England. |  | 25 |
| 2396458985 | Triangular trade | Trading was also a popular and prevalent industry, as commerce occurred all around the colonies. THIS was common: a ship for example, would leave (1) New England, with rum and go to the (2) Gold Coast of Africa and trade it for African slaves. Then, it would go to the (3) West Indies and exchange the slaves for molasses (for rum), which it'd sell to New England once it returned there. |  | 26 |
| 2396467132 | manufacturing | THIS was not as important, though many small enterprises existed. Strong-backed laborers and skilled craftspeople were scarce and highly prized. |  | 27 |
| 2396475604 | tallest trees | Lumbering was the single most important manufacturing enterprise. Britain sometimes marked THESE for its navy's masts, and colonists resented that, going toward a common defense (it was the principle of Britain that was first detested). |  | 28 |
| 2396492558 | Molasses Act | In 1733, Britain passed THIS Act, which if unsuccessful, would have struck a crippling blow to American international trade by hindering its trade with the French West Indies. The colonists got around the act by smuggling. |  | 29 |
| 2396503869 | VI. HORSEPOWER and SAILPOWER! | VI. HORSEPOWER and SAILPOWER! | | 30 |
| 2396518498 | roads | THESE in 1700s America were very bad, and not until the 19th century did they even connect large cities. As a result, towns seem to cluster around water sources, like rivers or oceans. |  | 31 |
| 2396526502 | taverns
or
bars | THESE sprang up to serve weary travelers and were great places for gossip and news. Also, an inter-colonial mail system was set up in the mid-1700s, but mailmen often passed the time by reading private letters, since there was nothing else to do. |  | 32 |
| 2396540326 | VII. DOMINANT DENOMINATIONS! | VII. DOMINANT DENOMINATIONS! | | 33 |
| 2396671863 | tax suport | There were two "established churches" by 1775. They were considered established because they received THIS. A great majority of people didn't worship in churches though. |  | 34 |
| 2396687605 | Anglican | The Church of England (AKA THIS) was official in Georgia, both Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and a part of New York. |  | 35 |
| 2396704933 | William and mary | Anglican sermons were shorter, its descriptions of hell were less frightening, and amusements were less scorned. For Anglicans, not having a resident bishop proved to be a problem for young unordained ministers. So, THIS college was founded in 1693 to train young clergy members. |  | 36 |
| 2396713827 | The Congregational Church | THIS church had grown from the Puritan church, and it was established in all the New England colonies except for Rhode Island. |  | 37 |
| 2396720055 | VIII. THE GREAT AWAKENING! | VIII. THE GREAT AWAKENING! | | 38 |
| 2396731758 | The First Great Awakening | Due to less religious fervor than before, and worry that so many people would not be saved, the stage was set for a revival, which occurred, and became known as THIS. |  | 39 |
| 2396742464 | Jonathan Edwards | HE was a preacher with fiery preaching methods, emotionally moving many listeners to tears while talking of the eternal damnation that nonbelievers would face after death. |  | 40 |
| 2396763477 | blazing fire | Edwards began preaching in 1734, and his methods sparked debate among his peers. Most famous sermon was "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," describing a man dangling a spider over a THIS, able to drop the spider at any time - just as God could do to man. |  | 41 |
| 2396790804 | George Whitfield | HE was even better than Edwards when he started 4 years later.
An orator of rare gifts, he even made Jonathan Edwards weep and persuaded the always skeptical Ben Franklin to empty his pockets into the collection plate. |  | 42 |
| 2396807781 | "New Lights" | Imitators copied his emotional shaking sermons and his heaping of blame on sinners. These new preachers were met with skepticism by the "old lights" of the orthodox clergymen.
5. However, the Great Awakening led to the founding of "THESE" centers like Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth. |  | 43 |
| 2396823461 | The Great Awakening was the first religious experience shared by all Americans as a group.
(NO QUESTION) | The Great Awakening was the first religious experience shared by all Americans as a group.
(NO QUESTION) | | 44 |
| 2396824142 | IX. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES! | IX. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES! | | 45 |
| 2397358481 | clergymen | Education was most important in New England, where it was used to train young future ? |  | 46 |
| 2397373016 | farm | In other parts of America, THIS type of labor used up most of the time that would have been spent in school. However, there were fairly adequate primary and secondary schools in areas other than New England. | | 47 |
| 2397389537 | religion | In a gloomy and grim atmosphere, colonial schools put most of the emphasis on teaching THIS and on the classical languages, as well as doctrine and orthodoxy. |  | 48 |
| 2397417995 | Pennsylvania | Discipline was quite severe in colonial schools. Also, at least in New England, college education was regarded as more important than the ABC's. Curriculum change slowly occurred in dead languages to live ones, and Ben Franklin helped by launching THIS university. |  | 49 |
| 2397423840 | X. A PROVINCIAL CULTURE! | X. A PROVINCIAL CULTURE! | | 50 |
| 2397431484 | John Trumbull | Painters were frowned upon as pursuing a worthless pastime. THIS painter of Connecticut was discouraged, as a youth, by his father. |  | 51 |
| 2397456153 | Charles Wilson Peale | HE was best known for his portraits of George Washington, also ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry in addition to his art. |  | 52 |
| 2397479310 | log cabin | Architecture was largely imported from the Old World and modified to meet American needs. THIS was borrowed from Sweden. The classical red-bricked Georgian style of architecture was introduced about 1720. |  | 53 |
| 2397506585 | Phillis Wheatley | Colonial literature was also generally undistinguished. However, THIS slave girl, who had never been formally educated, did go to Britain and publish a book of verse and subsequently wrote other polished poems that revealed the influence of Alexander Pope. |  | 54 |
| 2397520788 | Ben Franklin | HIS Poor Richard's Almanac was very influential, containing many common sayings and phrases, and was more widely read in America and Europe than anything but the Bible. His experiments with science, and his sheer power of observation, also helped advance science. |  | 55 |
| 2397538801 | XI. PIONEER PRESSES! | XI. PIONEER PRESSES! | | 56 |
| 2397558552 | libraries | Few of THESE were found in early America and few Americans were rich enough to buy books. On the eve of revolution, many hand-operated presses cranked out leaflets, pamphlets, and journals signed with pseudonyms. | | 57 |
| 2397577182 | John Peter Zenger | In one famous case, THIS New York newspaper printer, was taken to court and charged with seditious libel (writing in a malicious manner against someone). |  | 58 |
| 2397594163 | freedom of the press | The judge urged the jury to consider that the mere fact of publishing was a crime, no mater whether the content was derogatory or not. Zenger won after Andrew Hamilton excellently defended his case.
The importance - THIS scored a huge early victory in this case. |  | 59 |
| 2397618879 | XII. THE GREAT GAME OF POLITICS! | XII. THE GREAT GAME OF POLITICS! | | 60 |
| 2397632233 | the people | By 1775, 8 of the colonies had royal governors who were appointed by the king. 3 had governors chosen by proprietors. Practically every colony had 2 houses. The upper house was appointed by royal proprietors. The lower house was elected by THIS. |  | 61 |
| 2397907461 | self-taxation | THIS along with representation came to be cherished privilege that Americans came to value above most other rights. |  | 62 |
| 2397924036 | Lord Cornbury | Most governors did a good job, but some were just plain corrupt. THIS governor of New York and New Jersey in 1702 was the first cousin of Queen Anne, but proved to be a drunkard, a spendthrift, a grafter, and embezzler, a religious bigot, a cross-dresser, and a vain fool. |  | 63 |
| 2397944742 | The right to vote was not available to just anyone, just white male landowners.
However, the ease of acquiring land to hard workers made voting a privilege easily attainable to many people in this group.
(NO QUESTION) | The right to vote was not available to just anyone, just white male landowners.
However, the ease of acquiring land to hard workers made voting a privilege easily attainable to many people in this group.
(NO QUESTION) | | 64 |
| 2397944743 | XIII. COLONIAL FOLKWAYS! | XIII. COLONIAL FOLKWAYS! | | 65 |
| 2397971475 | heat | Americans had many hardships, as many basic amenities that we have today were not available then. Churches did not have THIS. Running water or plumbing in houses did not exist. Garbage disposal was primitive at best. |  | 66 |
| 2397985480 | amusement | Yet, THIS was permitted, and people often worked and partied during house-raisings, barn-raisings, apple-pairings, quilting bees, husking bees, and other merrymaking. |  | 67 |
| 2398010553 | lotteries | In the South, card playing, horse racing, cockfighting, and fox hunting were fun. THESE were universally approved, even by the clergy because they helped raise money for churches and colleges. |  | 68 |
| 2398028808 | quilt | Stage plays were popular in the South, but not really in the North. Holidays were celebrated everywhere in the colonies (New England didn't like Christmas, though). America in 1775 was like a THIS, each part different and individual in its own way, but all coming together to form one single, unified piece. |  | 69 |
| 2398044543 | XIV. MAKERS OF AMERICA: THE SCOTS-IRISH! | XIV. MAKERS OF AMERICA | | 70 |
| 2398050664 | taxed | Life for the Scots was miserable in England, as many were extremely poor, and Britain still did THIS to them, squeezing the last cent out of them. |  | 71 |
| 2398059272 | Pennsylvania | Migrating to Ulster, in Ireland, thew Scots still felt unwelcome, and eventually came to America. They constantly tried to further themselves from Britain. Most went HERE, where tolerance was high. |  | 72 |
| 2398080162 | religion
most were Presbyterian | The Scots-Irish were many of America's pioneers, clearing the trails for others to follow. Otherwise independent, THIS was the only thing that bonded these people. Their hatred of England made them great allies and supporters of the United States during the Revolutionary War. |  | 73 |
| 2398085585 | THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | | 74 |
