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Environmental Science

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AP Environmental Science
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http://course-notes.org/Environmental_Science

Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions, 16th Edition Summary

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Environment
earth
water
Aquatic ecology
water pollution
environmental science
Environmental engineering
Environmental soil science
pollution
Environmental policy of the United States
biodiversity
Phytoremediation

Chapter 2 Science, Systems, Matter, and Energy Summary 1. Science is an attempt to discover the natural world?s order and use that in describing what is likely to happen in nature. Scientists ask a question or identify a problem to investigate. Then, they collect scientific data through observation and measurement. Experiments may be used to study specific phenomena. 2. The major components of complex systems are environmental inputs, flows within the system, and outputs to the environment. 3. The basic forms of matter are elements and compounds. Matter is useful to us as a resource because it makes up every material substance. 4. The major forms of energy are kinetic energy and potential energy. Energy is useful to us as a resource because it moves matter.

Airborne Pollution

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Environmental Science
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pollution
Atmosphere
air pollution
Atmospheric sciences
Particulates
Pollutants
Bioaerosol
Respirator
Soot
Lung
Petri dish
Environment

Emma Mashburn Mr. Knapp APES April 24, 2013 Airborne Particulate Lab Follow up Questions A fine course particle is less than 2.5 micrometers in size and is easily inhaled deep into the lungs. A course particles is greater than 2.5 micrometers but smaller than 10 micrometers Fine particles can cause increased respiratory systems, decreased lung function, and aggracated asthma. Five examples of particle pollutants are soot, windblown dust, aerosols, pollen, and insect body parts.

APES

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Environmental Science
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fish
Scombridae
Sport fish
Oily fish
Fish products
Aquaculture
Tuna
Mercury
Albacore
Swordfish
King mackerel
Tilefish
Disaster

Emma Mashburn Mr. Knapp APES April 15, 2013 Tuna for Lunch? Questions: Mercury is often in fish and shellfish, causing a danger to human health and giving EPA and FDA a reason to issue a restriction on certain types of these fish The nervous systems of pregnant women and young children are especially susceptible to damage by mercury. Pregnant women do not have to avoid all fish because only few have high amounts of mercury, such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish. Amanda was smart to be cautious; however, only albacore tuna has high amounts of mercury, while other tuna?s have low amounts and are safe to eat.

APES CHAPTER 4

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Environmental Science
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Biology
Ecology
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeography
Soil biology
microbiology
evolution
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Food web
Soil
Environment

Exam 4 review sheet Chapter 3 Hydro cycle Solar energy heats Earth, and causes evaporation Evaporated water condenses into clouds Water returns to Earth as precipitation Precipitation falling on land is taken up by plants, runs off along the land surface, or percolates into the soil and enters the groundwater Carbon cycle Carbon is the most important element in living organisms makes up 20 percent of total body weight. Produces convert CO2 into sugars Sugars are converted back into CO2 Some carbon can be buried Human extraction of fossil fuels brings carbon to Earth?s surface, where it can be combusted C02 in the atmosphere and CO2 dissolved in water are constantly exchanged Combustion converts fossil fuels and plant material into CO2 Nitrogen cycle

APES CHAPTER 4

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Biology
Ecology
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeography
Soil biology
microbiology
evolution
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Food web
Soil
Environment

Exam 4 review sheet Chapter 3 Hydro cycle Solar energy heats Earth, and causes evaporation Evaporated water condenses into clouds Water returns to Earth as precipitation Precipitation falling on land is taken up by plants, runs off along the land surface, or percolates into the soil and enters the groundwater Carbon cycle Carbon is the most important element in living organisms makes up 20 percent of total body weight. Produces convert CO2 into sugars Sugars are converted back into CO2 Some carbon can be buried Human extraction of fossil fuels brings carbon to Earth?s surface, where it can be combusted C02 in the atmosphere and CO2 dissolved in water are constantly exchanged Combustion converts fossil fuels and plant material into CO2 Nitrogen cycle

Chapter 3 APES notes

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Biology
Ecology
Chemistry
Geochemistry
Systems ecology
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeography
Food web
Natural environment
Carbon Cycle
ecosystem
Primary production
Environment

Ecology -The study of how organisms interact with one another and their physical environment of matter and energy. All living organisms are composed of cells. Cell-the smallest and most fundamental structural and functional units of life. The idea that all living things are composed of cells is called cell theory. Organisms can be classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes A eukaryote is a cell surrounded by a membrane that has a distinct nucleus and other internal parts called organelles. A prokaryote is a cell surrounded by a membrane but has no distinct nucleus or organelles surrounded by membranes. For a group of sexually reproducing organisms a species is a set of individuals that can mate and produce fertile offspring.

Chapter 2 Outline

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Environmental Science
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Physics
Chemistry
Nuclear chemistry
radioactivity
Nuclear physics
Baryons
Nuclear fission
matter
Neutron
Nuclear fusion
Isotope
Chemical element
Environment
#environmentalscience

SCIENCE, MATTER, ENERGY, AND SYSTEMS p.28-49 Core Case Study ? Carrying Out a Controlled Scientific Experiment o controlled experiment- a way in which scientists learn about how nature works is to conduct a controlled experiment o variables- factors that can change within a system or situation being studied o single-variable analysis- an experiment designed to isolate and study the effects of one variable at a time o experimental group- a chosen variable is changed in a known way o control group- the chosen variable is not changed 2-1 What Is Science p.29-35 ? Science Is a Search for Order in Nature o science- an endeavor to discover how nature works and to use that knowledge to make predictions

Chapter 1 Outline - ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, THEIR CAUSES, AND SUSTAINABILITY

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Environmental Science
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Environment
earth
Environmental social science
Environmental economics
sustainability
Sustainable architecture
Sustainable building
Resource
Sustainable development
Natural capital
Natural resource
Renewable resource
#environment #science

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, THEIR CAUSES, AND SUSTAINABILITY p.5-27 Core Case Study ? Living in an Exponential Age o exponential growth- a quantity increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time ex. 2% per year o fossil fuels- carbon based fuels ex. coal, natural gas, gasoline 1-1 What Is an Environmentally Sustainable Society? p. 6-10 ? Environmental Science Is a Study of Connections in Nature o environment- everything around us; includes living & nonliving things with which we interact; includes web of relationships that connect us to each other and our world ? we are completely dependent on the environment despite scientific and technologic advance ex. air, water, food, shelter, energy, and everything we need to stay alive and healthy

Chapter 20 Summary

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Environmental Science
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Chapter 20 Water Pollution Summary 1. Water pollutants include infectious agents from human or animal wastes; oxygen-demanding wastes from sewage, paper mills, and food processing; inorganic chemicals from surface runoff, industrial effluents, and household cleaners; organic chemicals from oil, plastics, pesticides, and detergents; sediment from erosion; and thermal pollution from power plant cooling. 2. Water pollution problems in streams and lakes relate to chemical and biological pollutants, with the greater problems being cultural eutrophication.

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