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agriculture

World history overview 1

Subject: 
World History
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Zoology
Megafauna
Biology
Sociocultural evolution
anthropology
Civilizations
Hunting
human
culture
agriculture

Big Era Three Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies 10,000 ? 1,000 BCE. Join us for the world tour! STOP! I know what you?re thinking! Farming and complex societies? Where did they come from? I thought we were still hunting and gathering! Today 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Big Era 2 ?and changes have always been?and still are?part of human history. Let?s look for a minute at the changes that took place in Big Era Two. You DO remember Big Era Two, don?t you? Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1 Farming and complex societies are the result of CHANGE? Today 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Big Era 2 Big Era Two is the era that covers the period from 200,000 to 10,000 years ago. Big Era Two was fraught with change. Shall we do a quick review? Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1 200k yrs ago

Chapter 11 Notes

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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health
Food and drink
agriculture
Humanitarian aid
Poverty
Health sciences
Self-care
Food security
Green Revolution
Malnutrition
food
Famine
Environment

Chapter 11 Notes Trini Soza Feeding the World ? A farm where animals do most of the work. Rapidly growing population needs rapidly produced food. Human nutritional requirements are not always satisfied Humans used to survive on hunting and gathering, but 10,000 years ago agriculture began. Advances in agriculture have improved the human diet Tremendous gains in agriculture productivity and food distribution were in the 20th century. Despite advances, to this day, 24,000 people starve to death each day. 8.8 million each year. Nutritional Requirements Undernutrition: Not consuming enough calories to be healthy Food calories are converted into usable energy for the human body. Not receiving enough calories leads to an energy deficit

Ecosystem Services

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Systems ecology
Biology
Environment
agriculture
Land management
Soil
Ecological restoration
Ecosystem services
ecosystem
fertility
Decomposition
Seed

Ecosystem Services Definition: Conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. Some Services: Purification of air and water Mitigations of floods and droughts Detoxification and decomposition of waste products Generation and renewal of soil and soil fertility Pollination of crops and natural vegetation Control of the vast majority of potential agricultural pests Dispersal of seeds and translocation of nutrients Maintenance of biodiversity, from which humanity has derived key elements of its agricultural, medical and industrial enterprise Protection from the sun?s harmful rays Partial stabilization of climate Moderation of temperature extremes and the force of winds and water

Human Geo Chp 10 K.I 2

Subject: 
Human Geography
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agriculture
Land management
Land use
Tropical agriculture
Simple living
Cultural anthropology
crops
Subsistence agriculture
Shifting cultivation
Slash-and-burn
Nomad
Rice
Environment

Isaiah Bennett P.1 3/25/13 Ch.2 K.I 2 I Shifting Cultivation Shifting Cultivation is practiced in much of the world?s Humid Low-Latitude, or a climate regions, which have relatively high temperatures and abundant rainfall Characteristics of shifting Cultivation Shifting cultivation/ slash and burn agriculture clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning the debris The Process of Shifting Cultivation Each Year villagers designate for planting an area surrounding the settlement before planting They must remove dense vegetation, An efficient strategy is the cut down selected large trees, which bring smaller trees that may have been weakened by nothing Swidden, Lading, Milpa, Chena, and Kaingin Clearing a area of land Crops of shifting cultivation

Human Geo ch. 10

Subject: 
Human Geography
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agriculture
Land management
Environment
Sustainable agriculture
Agroecology
Agricultural soil science
crops
Subsistence agriculture
Organic farming
Food security
Crop rotation
Tillage

Isaiah Bennett P.1 4/9/2013 Ch.10 K.I 4 I Challenges for Commercial Farmers Commercial farmers are in some ways victims of their own success Government subsides help prop op farm income, but many believe that the future health of commercial farming rests with embracing more sustainable practices Importance of Access to Markets The purpose of commercial farmers to sell produce off the farm the distance from the farm to the market. Von Thenen based his general model of the spatial arrangement of different crops on his experience as a owner of a large estate. Overproduction in Commercial Farming Commercial farming suffer from low incomes because they are capable of production

APES Chapter 10 Terms

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Environmental Science
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Grasslands
agriculture
Livestock
Biology
Land management
Land use
Agricultural land
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Rangeland
Grazing
Pasture
Overgrazing
Environment

biodiversity hotspots an idea first proposed in 1988 by environmental scientist Norman Myers. These ?ecological arks? are areas especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else and are in great danger of extinction. deforestation the temporary or permanent removal of large expanses of forest for agriculture, settlements, or other uses. ecological restoration the process of repairing damage caused by humans to the biodiversity and dynamics of natural ecosystems. old-growth forest an uncut or regenerated primary forest that has not been seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for 200 years or more. overgrazing occurs when too many animals graze for too long and exceed the carrying capacity of a rangeland area.

Global Food Issues

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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agriculture
Food and drink
Land management
Industrial agriculture
Energy crops
Genetically modified organism
Molecular biology
Soybean
Food security
Monoculture
maize
Diet
Environment

Global Food issues Food security and food insecurity Security= most or all people have access to nutritious food and live active, healthy lives Insecurity= people live with chronic hunger and poor nutrition - could be the result of poverty, wars, political upheaval, corruption and/or bad weather-global climate change Types of nutrients Macronutrients- nutrients we need in large amounts--- proteins carbohydrates lipids Micronutrients- nutrients we need in smaller amounts vitamins, A, iron, iodine Deficencies Malnutrition/ Undernutrition Kwashirokor- deficient in protein in otherwise adequate diet. Diet are usually high in carbs signs- ?flag of red hair?, swollen bellies, unresponsive Marasmus- deficient in both protein and calories

edible history

Subject: 
World History
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anthropology
Science
Cultural studies
Sociocultural evolution
nutrition
Archaeology
Sedentism
Hunter-gatherer
food
Malnutrition
Cereal
agriculture
Environment

? An Edible History of Humanity Chapter 1 ? Modern Maize and cereals evolved?from ancient plants withvery different characteristics by proto-farmers planting seedsfrom plants with desirable traits. ? Such mutations made them more practical as?foodstuffs butunable to survive in the wild. Chapter 2 ? Proto-farmers actually worked much harder than hunter-gatherers got provide enough food, and many even sufferedfrom malnutrition. ? The average height also fell?in farming communities. ? However, to the proto-farmers, the slow?shift from huntingand gathering to agriculture seemed?logical. ? Hunter-gatherers had been planting small crops incertain frequented areas to ensure sufficient supply. ?

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