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Psychology

Psyc Ch. 5-7, 9

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CHAPTER 5 Consciousness - awareness of internal and external stimuli (personal awareness) subjective and private dynamic self-reflective and central to our sense of ?self? always moving, changing, and flowing William James (1902) called it the stream of consciousness Sigmund Freud (1900) believed that this stream of consciousness had depth. consciousness is not an all-or-none principle conscious and unconscious processes are different levels of awareness Electroencephalograph (EEG) - a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp. (Records brain waves) Electromypograph (EMG) - records muscular activity and tension Electrooculograph (EOG) - records eye movements

Psyc Notes

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CHAPTER 10 - Emotion and Motivation Emotion Emotions - positive or negative affective effects consist of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions to events that have relevance to our goals Emotions are responses, while motivators are stimuli to action Adaptive Function of Emotions (Frederickson, 1998) Negative emotions narrow attention, enabling a response to threat through increased physiological activation Positive emotions broaden thinking and behavior, enabling exploration and skill learning Emotions as Social Communication They provide observable information about internal states and influence others? behavior toward us Emotions: Eliciting Stimuli Biological factors - We come equipped to respond to stimuli that may have evolutionary significance

Chapter 2: Theoretical Perspectives

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Theoretical Perspectives Biological Perspectives Medical model Physiological model Pros and cons of this model Biological Perspective Biological factors play a role (not the only one) in development of psychopathology Neurotransmitters Hormones Genetic influences Brain development Psychosocial approaches Emphasize importance of early experience Recognize social influences and psychological processes Psychodynamic perspectives Structure of the mind Conscious, preconscious (telephone number), unconscious Structure of personality Id, ego, superego Defense mechanisms Stages of Psychosexual development Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Cognitive influences Attributions Negative automatic thoughts Cognitive errors Behavioral influences

Intro To Psychology

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Guadalupe Sanchez Per. 3 Unit One: Introduction to Psychology Does God exist? Everyone has different beliefs There is no way of knowing for sure You need faith in order to believe I also believe that Heaven and Hell exist *Mr. Parsons DOES NOT CARE whether we believe or not.* Hitler was mentally ill! Hitler was spanked by his father. Spanking a child can cause a mental illness, if they are hit on the head Hitler was basically beaten on a regular basis Would God condemn a mentally ill person to hell? **System of Belief: There is a God, and there is Heaven and/or Hell. ** The Great Debate Free Will Your behavior is the product of personal choice. People ARE morally responsible for their behavior God exists

The Psychology of Death

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Maia Regman Mrs. Magnan Biology Honors 7 February 2014 The Psychology of Death Death. Here written in black and white, boldface, Times New Roman, font 12, the can strike a sense of mystery, fear into the hearts of men, or awe. Over centuries, nations? viewpoints on death have evolved. In ancient Egypt, death was not feared, but welcomed as a time of eternal joy. Now, however, it is a somber situation and dreaded. An article by Steve Taylor published in Psychology Today ventures into the psychological aspect of death.

Chapters 8 + 9

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Algorithm: A problem-solving strategy that eventually leads to a solution; usually involves trying random solutions to a problem in a systematic way. Comment by Margaret Fritz: i am making a final study guide, but you will still have access to this one also. Heuristic: A strategy for making judgments and solving problems. Problem-Solving Methods Trial and Error Difference Reduction Means-End Analysis Working Backward Analogies Insight: Suddenly understanding something. Incubation: The tendency to arrive at a solution after a period of time away from the problem. Convergent Thinking: Thinking that is limited to available facts. Divergent Thinking: A thought process that attempts to generate multiple solutions to a problem.

Chapter 2 Test

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Levels of Consciousness preconscious- ideas are not in your awareness right now, but you could recall them if you had to unconscious (aka subconscious)- unavailable to awareness under most circumstances; info is hidden nonconscious- basic biological functions Altered States of Consciousness- in which a person?s sense of self or sense of the world changes. An example would be sleep. Circadian Rhythms- biological clocks Functions of Sleep- revive body, resist infection, recover from stress Biofeedback- a system that provides information about something happening in the body Classes of Drugs Depressants- drugs that slow the activity of the nervous system Alcohol Narcotics- relieve pain and induce sleep. Includes morphine, heroin, and codeine.

Perception Notes

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Chapter 5: Perception October 26, 2013 Pg 152-173 Perception Perception ? the process through which sensations (from enviro) are interpreted, using knowledge & understanding of the world, so they become meaningful to us. Taking new sensation, filling in missing info/use past experiences to make sense/give meaning to what we feel, see, and hear The Perception Paradox Perception is automatic and effortless So easy to do, yet so hard to understand Perceptual failures ? perception of a stimuli is different than what it actually is Maj of knowledge about perception comes from studying this Partly b/c brain wants to interpret everything as 3D Three Approaches to Perception

Key Psychologists and Their Contributions

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AP Psychology Key Names Review Key Names Sheet Historical Figures: Plato (428-347 BC) Nature Innate Ideas Brain ? source of mental processes Aristotle (335 BC) Nurture Everything in mind is first experienced thru senses. Heart ? source of mental processes Galen (129-199 AD) 4 fluids; balance between fluids healthy and good mental processing 1st to look @ physiology in how the brain works (Now: hormones/neurotransmitters) Galileo (1564-1642) Mechanism ? universe is a reliable machine Descartes (1596-1650) Dualism Mind is distinct from body Innate ideas (Nature) Locke (1632-1704) Nurture ? ideas come from experiences Tabula Rosa Blank slate; mind at birth Gestaltists (~1880-1950s) The whole of consciousness is different than the sum of its parts

14552951-speilvogel-ch-26-prt3.pdf

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Sp. Ch 26 prt 3 774-780 The Expansion of Mass Culture and Mass Leisure I. Berlin, the capital of Germany, became the entertainment center of Europe w/its theaters, cabarets, cinemas, and jazz clubs. A. The Roaring Twenties was especially known for its dance crazes. II. So popular was jazz, a musical form that had originated w/African American musicians in the US, that the 1920s also became known as the Jazz Age. Radio and Movies I. A series of technological inventions in the late 19thc had prepared the way for a revolution in mass communications. Especially important was Marconi?s discovery of ?wireless? radio waves. A. Permanent broadcasting facilities were constructed in the US, Japan, and Europe during 1921 and 1922, and mass production of radios also began.

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