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Psychology

AP Psychology Themes and Variations

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Chapter___14_____ Reading Notes Psychology Jillian Schneider Abnormal behavior: myths, realities, and controversies Medical model applied to abnormal behavior a. Medical Model ? Proposes to Think of Abnormal Behavior as a Disease. b. Thomas Szasz critiques medical model in that the mind can't get sick c. Diagnosis 1. Distinguishing 1 Illness from another. d. Etiology 1. Apparent Causation and Developmental History of an Illness. e. Prognosis 1. A Forecast about the Probable Course of an Illness. Criteria of abnormal behavior a. Criteria include 1. Deviance - difference from what society expect 2. Maladaptive Behavior - everyday adaptive ability is impaired 3. Personal Distress - how much distress the person is being caused

AP Psychology Themes and Variations

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Chapter___14_____ Reading Notes Psychology Jillian Schneider Abnormal behavior: myths, realities, and controversies Medical model applied to abnormal behavior a. Medical Model ? Proposes to Think of Abnormal Behavior as a Disease. b. Thomas Szasz critiques medical model in that the mind can't get sick c. Diagnosis 1. Distinguishing 1 Illness from another. d. Etiology 1. Apparent Causation and Developmental History of an Illness. e. Prognosis 1. A Forecast about the Probable Course of an Illness. Criteria of abnormal behavior a. Criteria include 1. Deviance - difference from what society expect 2. Maladaptive Behavior - everyday adaptive ability is impaired 3. Personal Distress - how much distress the person is being caused

Themes & Variations: Chapter 1

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What is psychology?? ? ? ?| ? ? ?------> THE STUDY OF BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR!!!! Psych is a science based off of EMPIRICISM - direct observation & tested? PSYCHOLOGY = PHYSIOLOGY + PHILOSOPHY Wilhem Wundt- FATHER OF PSYCHOLOGY In 1879, founded 1st formal laboratory for psychologial research at University of Leipzig, Germany 1st Lab Conscience experiment: attention memory time reaction G. Stanley Hall America's FIRST lab FIRST psych journal FIRST President of APA "Schools" - US Structuralism- ?"What" analyze ?into basic elements sensations feelings images? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?did it through INTROSPECTION - own conscious experience (APART OF FUNCTIONALISM TOO) Functionalism- "Why" William James function- purpose of consciousness mental testing sex differences dev. patterns

Names of Psychologists

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Psychologists Alfred Adler Neo-Freudian but disagreed with Freud?s emphasis on the unconscious, instinctual drives, and the importance of sexuality and had a more positive view Believed we are social creatures governed by social urges, we strive for superiority Talked about how people attempt to compensate for their shortcomings Mary Ainsworth Secure attachment- stable and positive Anxious-Ambivalent- desire to be with a parent and some resistance to being reunited Avoidant- tendency to avoid reunion with parent Gordon Allport Trait Theorist Central- the core traits that characterize an individual personality Secondary- traits that are inconsistent or relatively superficial Cardinal- so basic that all of a person?s activities relate to it Solomon Asch

Main AP Psychology Topics

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2013 main ideas I. History and Approaches (2?4%) Psychology has evolved markedly since its inception as a discipline in 1879. There have been significant changes in the theories that psychologists use to explain behavior and mental processes. In addition, the methodology of psychological research has expanded to include a diversity of approaches to data gathering. students should be able to do the following: ? Recognize how philosophical perspectives shaped the development of psychological thought. ? Describe and compare different theoretical approaches in explaining behavior: ? structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism in the early years; ? Gestalt, psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, and humanism emerging later;

AP Psychology Semester One

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Chapter 1- Thinking Critically 1. Phrenology: A theory that claimed bumps on the skull could reveal our mental abilities and our character traits. 2. Historical figures: - John Locke ("blank slate"): Believed that the at birth the mind was a blank slate, and that our brains grew and developed based on our experiences. The blank slate idea was called the ?tabular-raza? - Charles Darwin (evolution/adaptations): survival of the fittest - Wilhelm Wundt (structuralism and ?father? of psychology): Interested in studying people?s mental experiences. He used a method known as ?introspection? which had subjects engage in self-examination and describe their conscious experiences such as thinking feeling and perceiving.

Assessing Intelligence Module 32

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32-1 Assessing Intelligence intelligence test ? a method for assessing an individual?s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores The Origins of Intelligence Testing Although science strives for objectivity, individual scientists are affected by their own assumptions and attitudes Alfred Binet: Predicting School Achievement Modern intelligence testing began at the turn of the 20th century when France required all children attend school To minimize bias, in 1904 France commissioned Alfred Binet to study the problem Binet assumed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development but that some develop quicker than others

An AP review regarding conditioning

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Classical conditioning involves establishing a connection between two otherwise unlinked stimulations via repetition, eventually linking the stimulus so that the action happens when the stimulus occurs. This is different than operant conditioning, conditioning based upon reinforcement. This differs from classical conditioning because there is no ?middle man? for stimulus connection; the behavior is reinforced, not linked through a stimulus. Still different from the two prior is observational learning, which requires only that the individual see an action and mirror that action.

Ch9Thinking and Language

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Thinking Cognition: mental activity associated with processing, understanding , and communicating info To think about so many things, we group them into concepts: mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people Prototype:? The best representation of a concept (?mental img or best example that incorporates all the features we associate with a category.? I.e. A dog maybe a good example of the concept of four legged animals. Our memory of sth will shift toward the category prototype. Algorithm: A logical procedure guaranteed to solve a problem.? This method is slow but less likely to make mistakes. I.e. unscramble letters by nCr

AP Psych David Meyers 8th Edition Chapter 2

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1 PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, ? 2006 2 Neuroscience and Behavior Chapter 2 3 Neuroscience and Behavior Neural Communication ? Neurons ? How Neurons Communicate ? How Neurotransmitters Influence Us The Nervous System ? The Peripheral Nervous System ? The Central Nervous System 4 Neuroscience and Behavior The Endocrine System The Brain ? The Tools of Discovery ? Older Brain Structures ? The Cerebral Cortex ? Our Divided Brain ? Left Brain-Right Brain 5 History of Mind Plato correctly placed mind in the brain. However, his student Aristotle believed that mind was in the heart. Ancient Conceptions About Mind

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