AP biology test bank chp 10
Subject:
Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
Biology
Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
AP biology test bank chp 9
Subject:
Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions
AP biology test bank chp 14
Subject:
Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea The questions in Chapter 14 are mostly at the Application/Analysis skill level. The material in the chapter invites students to apply Mendel?s laws, and by doing so encourages problem solving. Because of the human-related Concept 14.4, a fair number of Synthesis/Evaluation questions are included as well. Very little of the chapter lends itself to Knowledge/Comprehension questions only. In addition, to help students make maximum use of information presented about one or more specific traits, a greater number of questions than usual is grouped together to explore brief scenarios or figures. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?
Solubility rules
Subject:
Solubility Rules 1. All common salts of the Group 1 elements and ammonium ion are soluble. 2. All common acetates and nitrates are soluble. 3. All binary compounds of Group 17 elements (other than F) with metals are soluble except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead. 4. All sulfates are soluble except those of barium, strontium, lead, calcium, silver and mercury(I). 5. Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and phosphates are insoluble. 6. Oxides and peroxides are always written in molecular form. 7. Gases are always written in molecular form. 8. The only strong bases are the hydroxides of Group I & II metals except beryllium. 9. The only strong binary acids are those of chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
AP Bio_dna_replication
Subject:
DNA Replication: A Closer Look * The copying of DNA is remarkable in its speed and accuracy * More than a dozen enzymes and other proteins participate in DNA replication Getting Started * Replication begins at particular sites called origins of replication, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a replication ?bubble? * A eukaryotic chromosome may have hundreds or even thousands of origins of replication * Replication proceeds in both directions from each origin, until the entire molecule is copied * At the end of each replication bubble is a replication fork, a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating * Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks * Single-strand binding proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA
AP Bio_dna_is_genetic_material
Subject:
The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Life?s Operating Instructions * In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA * Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body * This DNA program directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and (to some extent) behavioral traits * DNA is copied during DNA replication, and cells can repair their DNA Concept 16.1: DNA is the genetic material * Early in the 20th century, the identification of the molecules of inheritance loomed as a major challenge to biologists The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry
AP Bio_chromosomal_structure_and_dieases
Subject:
Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders * Large-scale chromosomal alterations in humans and other mammals often lead to spontaneous abortions (miscarriages) or cause a variety of developmental disorders * Plants tolerate such genetic changes better than animals do Abnormal Chromosome Number * In nondisjunction, pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis * As a result, one gamete receives 2 of the same type of chromosome, and another gamete receives no copy * Aneuploidy results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred * Offspring with this condition have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome * A monosomic zygote has only 1 copy of a particular chromosome
AP Bio_chromosomal_basis_of_inheritance
Subject:
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Locating Genes Along Chromosomes ( 15.1) * Mendel?s ?hereditary factors? were purely abstract when first proposed * Today, we can show that the factors?genes?are located on chromosomes * The location of a particular gene can be seen by tagging isolated chromosomes with a fluorescent dye that highlights the gene * Cytologists worked out the process of mitosis in 1875 and meiosis in the 1890s using improved techniques of microscopy * Biologists began to see parallels between the behavior of Mendel?s proposed hereditary factors and chromosomes * Around 1902, Sutton and Boveri and others independently noted these parallels and began to develop the chromosome theory of inheritance 15.2
AP Bio_pedigree_analysis_and_genetic_diseases
Subject:
Pedigree Analysis * A pedigree is a family tree that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations * Inheritance patterns of particular traits can be traced and described using pedigrees * Pedigrees can also be used to make predictions about future offspring * We can use the multiplication and addition rules to predict the probability of specific phenotypes Recessively Inherited Disorders * Many genetic disorders are inherited in a recessive manner * These range from relatively mild to life-threatening The Behavior of Recessive Alleles * Recessively inherited disorders show up only in individuals homozygous for the allele * Carriers are heterozygous individuals who carry the recessive allele but are phenotypically normal
AP Bio_genetic_probabilities_and_mendels_laws
Subject:
Probability laws govern Mendelian inheritance * Mendel?s laws of segregation and independent assortment reflect the rules of probability * When tossing a coin, the outcome of one toss has no impact on the outcome of the next toss * In the same way, the alleles of one gene segregate into gametes independently of another gene?s alleles The Multiplication and Addition Rules Applied to Monohybrid Crosses Figure 14.9 * The multiplication rule states that the probability that 2 or more independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities * Probability in an F1 monohybrid cross can be determined using the multiplication rule
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