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Biology

Terrestrial ecology notes.

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Environmental Science
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ecology terrestrial

Biological communities differ in the types and numbers of species they contain and the ecological roles those species play. ??Species diversity: the number of different species it contains (species richness) combined with the abundance of individuals within each of those species (species evenness). Indicator Species: Biological Smoke Alarms ??Species that serve as early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem. ??Presence or absence of trout species because they are sensitive to temperature and oxygen levels. ??Foundation species can create and enhance habitats that can benefit other species in a community. ??Elephants push over, break, or uproot trees, creating forest openings promoting grass growth for other species to utilize.

The Cell Theory

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Biology
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Cell biology
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Cell theory
Cell
Rudolf Virchow
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Cell Theory
-Who created the cell theory? -Matthias Schleiden: In 1838, he discovered that plants are made of cells -Theodor Schwann: In 1839, he discovered that animals are also made of cells -Rudolph Virchow: In 1858, he stated that all cells come from the division of pre-existing cells -Based on their observations the cell theory states: 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism 3. All cells are made from existing cells

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protein digestion and absorption

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Biology
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Metabolism
Biology
Nutrition
Chemistry
Digestive system
Posttranslational modification
Protease
Enzyme
Digestion
Protein
Carbohydrate digestion
Human Interest
Protein Digestion As I have suggested before, life is a system of cooperating enzyme reactions, and once again, enzymes are the prime movers in protein digestion just as they were in carbohydrate digestion. The enzymes for protein digestion are collectively called proteinases (protein-ACES) or proteases (pro-tea-ACES). Proteins are broken apart by the protein-digesting enzymes in a process called hydrolysis.

chapter 1 - exploring life

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Biology
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molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
population
community
ecosystem


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What is Biology?

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Biology
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Biology
Biotechnology
Genetics
Molecular biology
Branches of biology
Evolutionary biology
Zoology
Botany
DNA
Biochemistry
Evolution
Genome
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The definition of Biology
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s well-being in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.

ib english

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Biology
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Anatomy
Medicine
Biology
Immune system
Immunology
Hematology
Red blood cell
Respiration
Virus
Adaptive immune system
Phagocyte
Blood

Previous IB Exam Essay Questions: Unit 10 Use these model essay questions and responses to prepare for essay questions on your in-class tests, as well as the IB Examination, Paper 3. The questions below have appeared on IB HL Examinations over the past several years. The answers following the questions are the markscheme ideal responses used to evaluate student examination responses. 1. Outline the experiments of Miller and Urey into the origin of organic compounds on Earth. 6 marks apparatus contructed in which chemicals could circulate gases of pre-biotic Earth`s atmosphere mixed inside methane (as a carbon source) ammonia water vapor and hydrogen sparks/ electric discharge (to simulate lightning) high temperature/ boiling water no free oxygen

Biology Genetic Concepts

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Biology
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Genetics
Chromosomes
Biotechnology
Senescence
Cytogenetics
Polytene chromosome
DNA
Chromosome
DNA repair
Chromosome instability
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Genetics Gene Glossary

Holandric ? Genes found on the Y- Chromosome Teratogens ? agents of nature that cause abnormalities in the foetus Polytene chromosomes ? chromosomes that successively replicate without any cell division making ?chunk?. Oncogene ? gene that under high temperature and mutation turn a normal cell in to a cancer cell, such as a tumor cell. Histones ? a protein that shortens the long DNA molecule so that all the DNA molecules can fit inside the nucleus. Totipotency- the ability of a cell to reactivate all the genes in a genome. Chromosomal puffs ? indicate a region where DNA replication is taking place. Supercoiling ? is the coiling of DNA. It reduces the space and allows for a lot more DNA to be packaged.

Learning Express AP Biology Exam 2

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Biology
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Cell biology
Nutrition
Cell cycle
Organelles
Glucose
Starch
Blood sugar
Mitosis
Cell
Eukaryote
Phosphorylation

1. Semiconservative replication of DNA refers to the fact that A. the daughter DNA is an entirely new duplex and thus the original DNA is intact. B. pieces of the old and new DNA duplexes are jumbled together in the daughter generation. C. each strand of the parent DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of its new partner strand. Thus, one strand is conserved in each new double helix. D. DNA replication is modest in its ATP requirements. E. DNA replication occurs by base pairing between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. 2. The following statements about the codon are true EXCEPT A. the codon is a triplet of nucleotides on messenger RNA (mRNA). B. the codon is a triplet of bases on transfer RNA (tRNA).

Learning Express AP Biology Exam 1

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Biology
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Biochemistry
Cellular respiration
Cell biology
Metabolism
Eli Lilly and Company
Insulin
Amino acid
Cell
Phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Endoplasmic reticulum

Section: AP Biology Select the best of the five choices for each of the following questions. 1.If a woman carrying the trait for color blindness marries a man who is not color blind, and they have a boy, and if he marries a girl who is the product of a like marriage, what is the chance that their first daughter will be color blind? A. 1/16 B. 1/8 C .1/32 D .1/2 E. 0 2.A solution hypotonic relative to a red blood cell A. will cause an immersed red blood cell to undergo hemolysis. B.will cause an immersed red bloodcell to undergo crenation. C.will have no effect on a red blood cell that is immersed in it. D.will cause an immersed red blood cell to shrink. E. maybe a 1% NaCl solution.

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