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Oxygen

Ch. 2: The Chemical Context of Life

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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Camobell Bio 9th Edition

2.1 An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. A compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Essential elements are needed for a healthy life and to reproduce. Humans need 25, plants need 17 Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Nitrogen (N)?make up 96% of living matter Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and a few other elements accounting for most of the remaining 4% of an organism's mass. Trace elements are required by an organism in only minute quantities. ? 2.2 Protons and neutrons are electrically charged. Proton= positive, electron=negative, neutron=neutral

cellular respiration

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Name ________________________________________ Date ______________ Period ____________ Overview of Cellular Respiration and Fermentation KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. MAIN IDEA: Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. 1. What is function of cellular respiration? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Does glucose actually react with oxygen during cellular respiration? Explain __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 3 Notes

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BIOL 1020 - CHAPTER 2 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life You must understand chemistry to understand life (and to pass this course)! Elements and Atoms Elements ? substances that cannot be further broken down into other substances (at least by ordinary chemical reactions) every element has a chemical symbol (H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, etc.); this is most familiar from the periodic table Essential elements: elements that an organism needs to live. They are similar along different organism but there is some variation Trace element: elements that are required by an organism in only minute quantities E.g.: Iron (Trace) Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Carbon(Essential elements)

Evolution of the Atomic Theory

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Evolution of the Atomic Theory Democritus and Leucippus 442 BC Stated that: Between atoms lies empty space Atoms are indestructible Atoms have always been and always will be in motion Atoms differ in shape and size ?The more any indivisible exceeds, the heavier it is.? Aristotle 355 BC Came up with the idea that everything was made up of earth, air, fire, and/or water. Antoine Lavoisier 1785 Discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass J. L. Proust 1794 Discovered the law of definite proportions Thomas Young 1801 - 1817 Proved Isaac Newton?s theory, that light is a wave of particles, incorrect and discovered how there was a variation in rays of light due to the size of wavelengths John Dalton 1803 Came up with his own atomic theory that said:

Biology Notes

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Biology Chapter 6 notes During cellular respirations: electrons are transferred to oxygen as carbon-hydrogen bonds of gloces are broken & hydrogen-oxygen bonds of water form Glucose loses hydrogen atoms as it is converted to carbon dioxide Oxygen gains hydrogen atoms in being converted to water Redox reaction: Electron transfer requires redox reactions for electrons to lose potential energy + release energy Oxidizing glucose: NAD+, dehygrenase Electron transport chain: electrons falling from glucose to oxygen, the transfer of electrons from an organic molecule to NADH Cellular respiration: Glycolysis (cytosol): break glucose into two molecules of pyruvate net product: NADH + ATP

Wiley Joeking

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Chemistry: Matter & Properties Matter is anything that has _______________ and occupies ______________. Matter has (Area) (Volume) (Indefinite Structure) What are the 4 building blocks of matter? __________, _________, ___________, and _______________. What is NOT a building block of matter Odor Compounds Amino Acids Both A and C None Of the above The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element: _________________________ A pure substance made of only one kind of atom is an _________________ An element is made up of ___ kind(s) of atom(s) Which of the following DOESN?T describe a compound? It is a substance It is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element Made from atoms Made of 2 or more elements

review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4-18.9.09

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? ? ?Page | ? PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT ?1? review sheet of AP Biology for Chapter 4* 18.Sep.09 Chapter.4 :: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life [[Page.58]] Overview ?Carbon ? The Backbone of Biological Molecules [[Page.58]] Although living organisms use water as their universal medium for life, they are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon. Carbon enters the biosphere through the action of plants in the transformation of CO2 Of all chemical elements, carbon is unparalleled (best) in its ability to form molecules that are large, complex and diverse (various), and this molecular diversity had made possible the diversity of organisms that have evolved on Earth.

Chapter 3 Notes

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Joey Miller AP Biology Chapter 3: Water and Life The Molecule that Supports Life Water is the biological medium here on Earth. Water is the only common substance to exist in the natural environment in all three physical states of matter. The solid state of water floats on the liquid, a rare property emerging from the chemistry of the water molecule. Polar Covalent Bonds in Water Molecules Result in Hydrogen Bonding Polar Covalent Bonds ? the electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to one atom than another atom Polar Molecule ? The overall charge of a molecule is unevenly distributed

Chemistry of Oxygen

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Pre Lab Chemistry of Oxygen

The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table Pre Lab Report The objective of the experiment will be to perform and to observe the reactions of oxygen with several metallic and nonmetallic elements. We will determine whether these oxides behave as an acid or a base in aqueous solutions. We will perform this experiment by decomposing hydrogen peroxide by using a catalyst. We will burn certain elements inside a vessel that will be used to capture the oxygen decomposed by the H2O2 and then capture the contents. Once we captured the oxides, a small amount of water will be added so that a universal indicator will be used to determine their acidity.

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