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Eukaryote

Chapter 1- Campbell Biology

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Biology
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Polymorphism
Coral snake
Elapidae
DNA
Eukaryote
Geospiza
Gene
Snake

Chapter 1 Exploring Life Figure 1.1 Biology is the science that focuses on life Figure 1.2 Some properties of life (c) Response to the environment (a) Order (d) Regulation (g) Reproduction (f) Growth and development (b) Evolutionary adaptation (e) Energy processing Figure 1.3 Exploring Levels of Biological Organization 1 The biosphere 2 Ecosystems 3 Communities 4 Populations 5 Organisms 8 Cells 6 Organs and organ systems 7 Tissues 10 Molecules 9 Organelles 50 ?m 10 ?m 1 ?m Cell Atoms Figure 1.4 Basic scheme for energy flow through an ecosystem Producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms) Consumers (including animals) Sunlight Chemical energy Heat Heat Ecosystem

Cell Components

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organelles
Cell Biology
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cell
Membrane biology
Eukaryote
bacteria
Cytoskeleton
Ribosome
Flagellum
health

Components of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Cell Component Main Functions Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Bacteria, Archaea Protists Fungi Plants Animals Cell Wall Protection, structural support # # X X ---- Plasma Membrane Control of substances moving into & out of cell X X X X X Nucleus Physical separation of DNA of cytoplasm ----! X X X X DNA Encodes hereditary info X X X X X Nucleolus Assembly of ribosome subunits ---- X X X X Ribosome Protein synthesis X X X X X Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Synthesis, modification of membrane proteins, lipid synthesis ---- X X X X Golgi Body Final modification of membrane proteins; sorting, packaging lipids & proteins into vesicles ---- X X X X

Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungus Study Guide

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Biology
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microbiology
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Microorganism
Virus
bacteria
Pathogen
Ascomycota
Eukaryote
cell
Protist
Fungus
Bacteriophage
health

Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungus Study Guide Discovery of Viruses : ? While studying the tobacco mosaic disease that affects tobacco plants, scientist Dmitri Ivanovsky passed extracts of diseased tobacco leaves through filter pores small enough to strain out bacteria ( which was thought of as being pathogens) ? After realizing that the strained substance (thought to be disease free) could STILL pass on the disease, it lead him to believe that the pathogen was NOT bacteria?but what was it? Structure of Viruses : ? Basic viral structure includes genetic material (either DNA or RNA ? not both) surrounded by a protein called capsid. ? In some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid envelope that surface from which

Chapter 1 Introduction to Biology Lecture

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Biology
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microbiology
Tree of life
Evolutionary biology
Cell Biology
organism
bacteria
Eukaryote
organelle
Species
Multicellular organism
Protist

Introduction: Exploring Life Chapter 1 Definition of Biology The study of life Characteristics of Living Organisms Living organisms are organized. Atom: the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element Molecule: two or more chemically bound elements Characteristics of Living Organisms Living organisms are organized Cell: the basic living unit of structure and function Eukaryotic cell Possesses a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Ex. protists, fungi, plants, and animals Prokaryotic cell Does not possess a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Ex. bacteria Characteristics of Living Organisms Living organisms are organized Tissue: a collection of like cells

Campbell Biology Ch 6 Study Guide

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Membrane biology
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mitochondrion
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plant cell
Ribosome
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryote
health

CHAPTER 6 A TOUR OF THE CELL Learning objectives: How We Study Cells Distinguish between magnification and resolution. Magnification is how large it appears, resolution is how clear. Describe the principles, advantages, and limitations of the light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Light Microscope: Visible light comes through the bottom up to the lens. Can magnify up to 1000x and study living cells, but cannot view smaller objects such as cell organelles.

chapter 27 notes

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Peptidoglycan
Gram-positive bacteria
Eukaryote
health

Chapter 27- bacteria and archaea Hypotonic hypertonic Lysis Mycoplasmas- bacteria that lack cell walls Gram positive bacteria- cell walls made of peptidoglycan Penicillin works on gram positive bacteria by preventing the synthesis of peptidoglycan Cell wall layers are: outermost is capsule, then lipopolysaccharide, then peptidoglycan, then phospholipids Cell wall is source of endotoxin Gram negative bacyeria- outer membrane with toxic lipopolysaccharides Plasmolysis- loss of water due to osmosis causes cytoplasm to pull away from cell wall Occurs in environments with high sugar content DNA should be located in the following to avoid cell death by adverse conditions, such as freezing, drying, or high temp: Nucleoid, endospore, plasmid

chapter 26 notes

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Endosymbiont
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Eukaryote
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Peptidoglycan
Gram-positive bacteria
health

Chapter 26 Rooted Tree- has an ancestor common to all organisms on the tree Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Node- spot where a common ancestor exists of branches coming off of it Phylocode method of classification- naming based on similarities Homoplasy- a trait (genetic, morphological etc.) that is shared by two or more taxa because of convergent evolution i.e. 4 chambered heart in mammals and birds Clade- a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants, a single "branch" Cladistics- grouped together based on whether or not they have one or more shared unique characteristics that come from the group's last common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors

Biology Studyguide

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Evolutionary biology
Behavior
Science
Organism
Ethology
Biology
Systematics
Attachment theory
Hierarchy
Biological classification
Organ
Health
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microbiology
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Archaea
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Ecology
Oligotroph
organism
Eukaryote
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#Mader

Unit 1: Scientific Method and Interdependence: Chapters 1, 33 - 36 Chapter 1: The Study of Life Hierarchy of levels: Atoms to molecules to cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms. Characteristics of life, and definition of life: Life is characterized by (1) organization, (2) acquisition of materials and energy, (3) reproduction, (4) responses to stimuli, (5) homeostasis, (6) growth and development and (7) the capacity to adapt. Classification system to group organisms (DKPCOFGS): Systematics: Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Human classification: Domain Euakarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (vertebrae) Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species Homo sapiens

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