Ethology

Chapter 1 Vocabulary AP US Gov Name ______________ Smith Period _____ Date _____ Directions: Match the term with its definition. Place the correct letter on the line beside each definition. (21 points) _____1. A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public?s preferences. _____2. Goods, such as clean air and clean water, that everyone must share _____3. All the activities use by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. Voting is an example. _____4. The process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. People?s interest, problems, and concerns create political issues for government policymakers.

AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 1 EXAM REVIEW UNIT 1: MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION Darwinian Evolution Evidence Paleontology, biogeography, embryology, comparative anatomy, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, molecular biology, artificial selection Natural Selection Over-production of offspring, inherited variation, competition, adaptations, fitness, reproductive success of advantageous traits Stabilizing selection (human birth weight, extremes selected against - too small won?t survive, too big difficult birth), directional selection (pesticide resistance, peppered moth), disruptive selective (opposite of stabilizing), sexual selection (male competition, female choice)

AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 REVIEW UNIT 7 CONTINUED: ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION Cell Communication Reception ? signal molecule binds to receptor protein in cell membranes causing it to change shape G protein coupled receptor Transduction = cascade of molecules activates relaying signal within cell Signal transduction pathway (ex. G-protein, tyrosine-kinase receptors, ion channel receptors) Phosphorylation cascades Secondary messenger system (ex. Cyclic AMP, Ca2+ ions, DAG, IP3) Response Transcription factors turn genes on or off Cellular activity activate enzymes, open cell membrane channels, apoptosis Scaffolding proteins Endocrine System (table page 961) Homeostasis Blood sugar regulation, blood calcium regulation Negative feedback, positive feedback Neurosecretory cells