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AP World History Islam Vocab Flashcards

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5532738197Abbasid CaliphateThe Muslim Caliphate that recruited Malwis and Shi'ites to bring down the Umayyad Caliphate and spread CULTURE0
5532738198BaghdadThe hub of Abbasid Caliphate (city)1
5532738199ViziersChief ministers of Islam and were considered high officials in Muslim Caliphates2
5532738200Seljuk TurksA group who migrated to the Middle East from Central Asia Controlled Baghdad in 1055 and left the Abbasid Caliph as a figure head (??? Idk)3
5532738201SultanA Muslim sovereign (supreme ruler)4
5532738202CordobaCity in Spain; home of a famous mosque that became a Catholic Church5
5532738203DamascusThe capital of Syria6
5532738204Battle of ToursFamous battle between the Franks and the Muslims; Franks wanted to prevent Muslims from conquering Western Europe7
5532738205AlhambraA palace and fortress built in al—Andalus built by the last Muslims to rule Spain8
5532738206MuhammadThe founder of Islam; went to the desert for 30 days and meditates9
5532738207Mawalipeople who were not Arabs but converted to Islam10
5532738208SunniA form/side of Islam who supported the Umayyad clan during the election of the next prophet after Muhammed11
5532738209Shi'iteAnother form/side of Islam that supported the Party of Ali during the election of the next prophet after Muhammed12
5532738210Sufisthe missionaries of Islam; the mystical belief where Muslims seek to find the divine love and knowledge through personal experiences of Allah/God13
5532738211BedouinsNomadic Arabs of the desert14
5532738212PolygamyThe practice of having more than one spouse (Muslim men could have four wives)15
5532738213AllahArabic word for God16
5532738214Meccabirthplace of Muhammed; considered the holy city in Islam17
5532738215Qur'anThe holy book of Islam; believed to be the word of Allah given to Muhammed by archangel Gabriel and written down by Muhammad's followers Cautioned not to enslave Muslims18
5532738216Medinaan ancient Arab or non European station/quarter of a North African Town19
5532738217Ka'abaa small stone building in the court of the Great Mosque located in Mecca; contained many statues of gods; goal of Islamic pilgrimage20
5532738218DhimmisArabic for "People of the Book"; Christians and Jews who paid little taxes due to religious tolerance21
5532738219Five PillarsThe five basic rules of Islam Testimony of Faith Prayer Supporting the Needy (giving Zakat) Fasting during Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca22
5532738220Jihada war or struggle against those who do not believe in Islam; spiritual struggle against sin23
5532738221RamadanThe ninth month in the year in which Muslims strictly fast; one of the five pillars24
5532738222ShariahMuslim law code that scholars developed after Muhammad's death based on the Qur'an25
5532738223CaliphArabic word for Emperor26
5532738224CaliphateArabic word for Empire27
5532738225Dad al-Islam"The home of Islam"; area of the world that is under Islamic rule28
5532738226ImamThe person who leads prayer in a mosque29
5532738227DhowsBoats that Arabs used for maritime trade across the Indian Ocean30
5532738228Female infanticideThe intention of killing infant girls; Muhammed states that this is against the Qur'an and that women should be protected31
5532738229DowriesThe mandatory payment promised by the groom/grooms father to the bride that legally becomes her property32
5532738230HijabA veil that Muslim women wear over their in public33
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AP World History Period 2 (600 BCE - 600 CE) Flashcards

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4359043895Classical Era(600 BCE - 600 CE) classical empires during this time rose in political, social, and economic power, and then fell0
4359045897Hinduismearliest know organized religion with written codes of the faith and a class of religious leaders. It supported the caste system and greatly influenced the political and social structure of South Asia1
4359050083Buddhisma "reform" of Hinduism started by Siddhartha Gautama (500 BCE) which supported spiritual equality and missionary activity2
4359052282Confucianisma philosophy based on the teachings of Kong Fuzi (500 BCE), it established a clearly defined code of behavior, and gender and family duties3
4359055864Christianitya "reform" of Judaism started by Jesus which taught eternal salvation through the belief that he was the Jewish Messiah sent by God to save humanity from eternal punishment4
4359060469Mandate of Heaventhe emperor in China would stay in power as long as the heavens were satisfied with his rule. If the emperor's family line (a dynasty) died out or was overthrown, it was a sign that the emperor had lost this5
4359064231Chinese Examination Systempolitical feature where scholar-bureaucrats took state-sponsored exams in order to become government officials (it made it possible to rise in political prominence)6
4359068657Mediterranean Civilizationclassical Greek and Roman civilization7
4359069821Hellenism(400 BCE) Alexander the Great conquered vast territory blending Greek and local styles of culture8
4359081387Bantu Migrations(1000 BCE - 500 CE) Bantu-speaking people migrated south and east into sub-Saharan Africa spreading a common language base and mental-working technology as well as agriculture9
4359085316The Silk Roadsluxury goods were traded in a relay system in on camel caravan routes linking together Eurasia as well as ideas and religions10
4359090283Indian Ocean Trade Networktrade routes over water linking Afro-Eurasia that carried more bulk goods11
4359094359Fall of Classical Empires(200 CE) the fall of the Han Dynasty, then the western Roman Empire, and finally the Gupta Empire from internal pressures (ex. peasant revolts) and external pressures (invading nomads/diseases)12
4359102114Persian (Achaemenid) Empire(550 BCE - 330 BCE) centered in modern Iran and used satraps and had one of the first high-way system (military/messengers) and fell as it overextended itself and became vulnerable to attack and was conquered by Alexander the Great13
4359103388Parthian Empire(250 BCE - 220 CE) defeated what remained of Alexander the Great's divided kingdom and clashed with Rome14
4359104198Qin Dynasty(220 BCE - 206 BCE) Win Shihuangdi returned China to dynastic rule after the Warring States period and used legalism to create a solid foundation for dynasty rule15
4359105321Han Dynasty(206 BCE - 220 CE) after the Qin the Han extended their empire through diplomacy, trade (with Rome), and military. They began building the Great Wall of China (to keep northern invaders out) and began canal-digging projects designed to help trade between the north and the south16
4359074073Mauryan Empire(320 BCE - 185 BCE) A Hindu aggressive and conquering empire until their leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and a more peaceful way of life17
4359074832Gupta Empire(320 CE - 550 CE) most notable for its cultural contributions, this artist state assisted in the concept of zero, had an efficient numbering system, chess, and medical advances before it was overthrown by the Huns18
4359112577Greek city-states (and their colonies around the Mediterranean)(500 BCE - 330 BCE) shared a common language and religion but had differing forms of government and often went to war against one another. Athens was democratic, whereas Sparta was an oligarchy19
4359114871Alexander's Hellenistic Empires(330 BCE - 30 BCE) Connected much of the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe before doing and having his empire split up. He created cultural syncretism which blended Greek and Egyptian cultures with that of the people he conquered20
4359115903Roman Republic(500 BCE - 30 BCE) consisted of councils selected by an assembly dominated by patricians. They greatly expanded their empire (Punic Wars) but the social tension caused by wars and mass urbanization of farmers losing their jobs caused unrest and Rome was seized21
4359116873Roman Empire(30 BCE - 476 CE) Julius Caesar (dictator of life) established it but after his death the government became a monarchy disguised as a republic (Augustus) and created the Pax Romana (Roman peace where they facilitated trade)22
4359120066Byzantine Empire(476 CE - 1453 CE) After the fall of the Western half of Rome. Centered in Constantinople, this empire maintained the "glory of Rome" and created the Code of Justinian23
4359123411Teotihuan(100 CE - 700 CE) a city-state in Mesoamerica which had a complex government bureaucracy. Collapsed because of a lack of dependable sources of food.24
4359124745Maya(250 CE - 900 CE) civilization in Mesoamerica that made complex mathematical calculations, studied the stars, and developed a writing system and maintained power through military coercion and a tribute system25
4359125521Moche Empire(100 CE - 800 CE) civilization in the Andean region which was controlled by a class of warrior-priests. Collapsed because of a lack of dependable sources of food.26
4359137987Satrapregional leaders used in the Persian Empire to watch over portions of the empire and report back to the King27
4359145915Legalismpolitical philosophy in China which established a clear chain of command and rules of bureaucratic etiquette. It included severe punishment for those who broke the rules28
4359208647Twelve TablesRoman law where you were innocent until proven guilty29
4359228793Yellow Turban RevoltHan Dynasty internal rebellion which promised a new society with no rich landlords and no oppressive government officials30
4359231000Nomadic invadersbarbarians who swept through empires looting and leaving distraction and death in their wake (Huns, Goths, Vandals)31
4359236614Qanat Systemform of irrigation that transports water from below ground to the surface in arid regions32
4359243021Camela means of transporting goods that lead to a major increase in the amount of trade (especially in Africa)33
4359246089Constantinoplethe capital of the Byzantine Empire which was the key center that linked exchange routes together34
4359248702Dhawssmall trading ships used by Arab merchants used triangular lateen sails to follow monsoon winds35
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AP World History Vocab #3 Flashcards

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5040787786Allegoricalhaving hidden spiritual meaning that transcends the literal sense of a sacred text0
5040790627Benevolentkind and generous1
5040790628Coerceto force someone to do something2
5040793805Discreteseparate and different from each other3
5040793806Enableto allow something to do or be4
5040797061Immemorialvery old or ancient5
5040797062Mendacitythe lack of honesty6
5040800712Promulgateto make an idea known among people7
5040800713Saturateto make something very wet8
5040803999Utilizationto use for a particular purpose9
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Ap World History- Chapter 5 Flashcards

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5756632873Chinese examination systemthis system of selecting administrators evolved into the world's first professional civil service. potential officials were trained as scholars and were subjected to a series of examinations to select officials. in theory, this system also allowed people in lower classes to hold government positions.0
5756697195Chinese landlord classlandlords came to own large estates and were often able to avoid paying taxes, and even mound military forces that could challenge the authority of the emperor.1
5756759820Chinese peasantsmade up the vast majority of Chinese population. constantly rebelled against the state.2
5756781560Yellow Turban Rebellionfloods along the Yellow River and resulting epidemics caused misery of landlessness and poverty. this caused a massive peasant uprising. looked forward to the "Great Peace"- a golden age of equality, social harmony, and common ownership of poverty, was suppressed by military forces, but it devastated the economy, weakened the state, and contributed to the overthrow of the dynasty.3
5756845058Chinese merchantswere widely viewed as unproductive, and making a shameful profit by selling the work of others. they were often discriminated against, but were also able to become fairly wealthy.4
5756877716Indian Caste System-Brahmins -Kshatriya -Vaisya ALL ABOVE THIS ARE PURE ARYANS -Sudras -untouchables5
5756877717varnasthe four ranked classes that society was thought to be forever divided in. everyone was born into or remained in one of these classes for life.6
5756885714Brahminsat the top of the hierarchal system; priests who could ensure the proper functioning of the world7
5756898712Kshatriya classsecond highest class. warriors and rulers who were charged with protecting the society8
5756903006Vaisya classthird highest class. originally commoners who cultivated the land. later evolved into a business class.9
5756905626-Sudrasnot pure Aryans, far below the third highest class. native people who were incorporated into Aryan society. regarded as servants. eventually evolved into peasant farmers.10
5756922725untouchablesthe lowest class. mean and women who did the work considered most unclean and polluting. considered outside of the varna system.11
5757226821jatisspecialized occupationally based groups. each of these was associated with one of the varnas.12
5757272610Roman slaverygenerally meant ownership by a master. played an immense role in the Western world, and was a defining element of Roman society. Roman slavery was not associated with a particular racial or ethnic group, but were instead typically prisoners captured in war.13
5757352251Changing of patriarchy in Chinawomen were seen as inferior in both universal and Confucian thinking. a few women were, on occasion, able to exercise considerable political authority. women's lives were actually far more complex than Confucian orthodoxy might suggest.14
5757403502patriarchy in athens vs spartaathens attitude towards women was far more restrictive than sparta. in athens women had next to no rights, and were expected to stay in the house at all times. in sparta women were slightly more important, because they gave birth to men who took place in the military system.15
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AP World History Chapter 19 Flashcards

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6535350222Opium WarsTwo wars fought between Western powers and China (1839-1842 and 1856-1858) after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium; China lost both wars and was forced to make major concessions.0
6535350223Informal EmpiresTerm commonly used to describe areas that were dominated by Western powers in the nineteenth century but that retained their own governments and a measure of independence (e.g., Latin America and China).1
6535350224Chinese Revolution of 1911-1912The collapse of China's imperial order, officially at the hands of organized revolutionaries but for the most part under the weight of the troubles that had overwhelmed the government for the previous half-century.2
6535350225Boxer UprisingRising of Chinese militia organizations in 1900 in which large numbers of Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed.3
6535350226Meiji RestorationThe political takeover of Japan in 1868 by a group of young samurai from southern Japan. The samurai eliminated the shogun and claimed they were restoring to power the young emperor, Meiji. The new government was committed to saving Japan from foreign domination by drawing upon what the modern West had to offer to transform Japanese society.4
6535350227Commissioner LinRoyal official (1785-1850) charged with ending the opium trade in Canton, his concerted efforts to seize and destroy opium imports provoked the Opium Wars.5
6535350228Battle of AdowaA battle between Italian and Ethiopian forces that took place in northern Ethiopia. A humiliating battle for the Italians, as the Ethiopian army defeated them and retained their independence against an era of rampant European empire building (at least, until Mussolini invaded in 1935).6
6535350229Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905Ending in a Japanese victory, this war established Japan as a formidable military competitor in East Asia and precipitated the Russian Revolution of 1905.7
6535350230Sultan Abd al-Hamid IIOttoman sultan (r. 1876-1909) who accepted a reform constitution but then quickly suppressed it, ruling as a reactionary autocrat for the rest of his long reign.8
6535350231self-strengthening movementChina's program of internal reform in the 1860s and 1870s, based on vigorous application of Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West.9
6535350232Taiping UprisingMassive Chinese rebellion that devastated much of the country between 1850 and 1864; it was based on the millenarian teachings of Hong Xiuquan.10
6535350233"the sick man of Europe"Western Europe's unkind nickname for the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a name based on the sultans' inability to prevent Western takeover of many regions and to deal with internal problems; it failed to recognize serious reform efforts in the Ottoman state during this period.11
6535350234TanzimatImportant reform measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839; the term "Tanzimat" means "reorganization."12
6535350235Tokugawa JapanRulers of Japan from 1600 to 1868.13
6535350236unequal treatiesSeries of nineteenth-century treaties in which China made major concessions to Western powers.14
6535350237Young OttomansGroup of would-be reformers in the mid-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire that included lower-level officials, military officers, and writers; they urged the extension of Westernizing reforms to the political system.15
6535350238Young TurksMovement of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed ca. 1900, eventually bringing down the Ottoman Empire.16
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AP World History: CHP 5 Flashcards

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8426438984Axial ageTerm often used to describe the pivotal period of the 1st millennium BCE when radical thinkers across the "second-generation societies" of connected Eurasia-including the Greek philosophers of the Mediterranean, Zoroaster in Southwest Asia, Buddha in South Asia, and Confucius and Master Lao in East Asia-offered dramatically new ideas that challenged their times.0
8426438985Buddha(Siddhartha Gautama; 563-483 BCE) Indian ascetic who founded Buddhism.1
8426438986ChavinA people who lived in what is now northern Peru from 1400 to 200 BCE. They were united more by culture and faith than by a unified political system.2
8426440129ConfuciusInfluential teacher, thinker, and leader in China who developed a set of principles for ethical living. He believed that coercive laws and punishment would not be needed to maintain order in society if men following his ethics ruled. He taught his philosophy to anyone who was intelligent and willing to work, which allowed men to gain entry into the ruling through education.3
8426440130DaoismSchool of thought developed at the end of the Warring States period that focused on the importance of following the Dao, or the natural way of the cosmos. It emphasized the need to accept the world as it was rather than trying to change it through politics or the government. Unlike Confucianism,this scorned rigid rituals and social hierarchies.4
8426442026Greek philosophers"Wisdom lovers" of the ancient Greek city-states, including Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and others, who pondered such issues such as self-knowlegde, political engagement and withdrawal, and the order of the world.5
8426442027JainismAlong with Buddhism, one of the two systems of thought developed in the seventh century BCE that set themselves up against Brahmanism. Its founder, Vardhamana Mahavira, taught that the universe obeys its own everlasting rules that no god or other supernatural being could affect. The purpose of life was to purify one's soul in order to attain a state of permanent bliss, which could be accomplished through self-denial and the avoidance of harming other creatures.6
8426442946MeroeAncient kingdom in what is today Sudan. It flourished for nearly a thousand years, from the fifth century BCE to the fifth century CE.7
8426445278OlmecsA people who emerged around 1500 BCE and lived in Mesoamerica. The name means those who "lived in the land of the rubber." This society was composed of decentralized villages. Its members spoke the same language and worshipped the same gods.8
8426450186Second-generation societiesSocieties that expanded old ideas and methods by incorporating new aspects of culture and grafting them onto, or using them in combination with, established norms.9
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AP World History: Chapter 1 Flashcards

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6142336818Mungo ManRemains of a male found near Mungo Lake in the southeastern Australian state of New South Wales, dated to about 40,000 B.C.E.0
6142336819ocherA reddish-brown iron-based pigment that ancient peoples used to color the soil and to decorate cave walls.1
6142339746Homo sapiens sapiensBiological term for modern human beings belonging to the genius Homo, species sapiens, and subspecies sapiens2
6142339747homininsTerm referring to all humans and their ancestors but not to chimpanzees, gorillas, or orangutans.3
6142341709evolutionModel proposed by Charles Darwin to explain the development of new species through genetic mutation and natural selection.4
6142345257mitochondrial EveThe first female ancestor shared by all living humans, who was identified by analysis of mitochondrial DNA.5
6142345258religionBelief system that holds that divine powers control the environment and people's futures.6
6142348256NeanderthalsGroup of premodern humans who lived between 100,000 and 25,000 B.C.E. in western Asia and Europe, eventually replaced by Homo sapiens sapiens.7
6142348257BeringiaLandmass now submerged below water that connected the tip of Siberia with the north-eastern corner of Alaska.8
6142351699Monte Verde, ChileEarliest site in the Americas, where evidence of human occupation has been found dating to 12,000 B.C.E.9
6142354960stratigraphyArchaeological principle that, at an undisturbed site, material from upper layers must be more recent than from lower layers.10
6142354961carbon-14Isotope of carbon whose presence in organic material can be used to determine the approximate age of archaeological samples.11
6142358778Clovis technological complexThe characteristic stone spear points that were in use around 11,000 B.C.E. across much of modern-day America.12
6142360372agricultureThe planting of seeds and harvesting of crops using domesticated animals.13
6142363035Neolithic"New Stone Age," the archaeological term for societies that used stone tools and practiced agriculture.14
6142363036NatufiansThe first people to cultivate crops and domesticate animals, ca. 9400 B.C.E., who lived in Palestine and southern Syria.15
6142366279JerichoThe first walled settlement, built between 8300 and 7500 B.C.E. with a population of around one thousand people.16
6142369858CatalhoyukThe world's largest earl settlement, with a population of 5,000 in 6000 B.C.E., located in modern Turkey.17
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AP World History - Chapter 9 Flashcards

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5829665897SaharaDesert running across northern Africa; separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa0
5829667005sahelThe extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; a point of exchange between the forests to the south and northern Africa1
5829671646tsetse flyflourished in wet lowlands; carried sleeping sickness that severely limited pastoralism in western and central Africa2
5829673579transhumantA form of pastoralism common to the Mediterranean basin and the Sahara; involves moving from one region to another according to the season3
5829675524Nokculture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 b.c.e and 200 c.e.; located in forests of central Nigeria4
5829677078YorubaCity-states developed in northern Nigeria c. 1200 c.e.; Ife featured artistic style possibly related to earlier Nok culture; agricultural societies supported by peasantry and dominated by ruling family and aristocracy5
5829681635BantuOriginated in eastern Nigeria in west Africa; migrated into central and southern Africa using rivers - particularly the Congo Basin; village dwellers who depended on agriculture and fishing6
5829686064PygmiesOne of few pure hunting societies left in Africa following Bantu migration7
5829686065AxumKingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; defeated kingdom of Kush around 300 B.C.E. and succeeded by Ethiopia. Received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity8
5829686066GhanaFirst great sub-Saharan state; created by Soninke people; by 9th century c.e. a major source of gold in the Mediterranean world9
5829700344Sudanic StatesKingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Senegal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay10
5829707305Kumbi SalehCapital of empire of Ghana; divided into two adjoining cities - one for the king, court, and indigenous people, and one for the merchants, scholars, and religious leaders; flourished 750 - 124011
5829711134MaliEmpire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers; creation of Malinke peoples; broke away from control of Ghanan in 13th century12
5829712782AlmoravidsA puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain13
5829778788pastoral nomadsan intermediate form of ecological adaption dependent on domesticated animal herds that feed on the natural environment; typically more populous than shifting cultivation groups14
5829782740Indo-europeansMany people and languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India share a common linguistic traits due to being part of this ancient group.15
5829786399Xiongnunomadic raiders from the grasslands north of China during the reign of Han dynasty16
5829788658CeltsInhabited most of Britain and Ireland; organized in small regional kingdoms; featured mixed agricultural and hunting economies; replaced in most places by German17
5829790367GermansPopulated much of the northwestern portion of the European continent. Their culture and institutions resembled those of the Celts. Mixed agriculture and hunting, and they also herded cattle18
5829791118VolkerwanderungenMovement of Germanic peoples southward into the Roman Empire; resulted from population growth, pressure of Asian groups on eastern flanks of Germanic regions19
5829791708SlavsAn Indo-European group in Russia and the Balkans that ultimately dominated much of eastern Europe from the Balkans northward20
5829791709ScythiansBarbarians from Caucasus region in South Russia21
5830270474HonshuLargest of the Japanese islands; most heavily populated22
5830270479Jomon cultureCreated by early migrants to Japan after 3000 b.c.e.; hunting-and-gathering people, produced a distinctive pottery form23
5830270996Yayoi epochLast centuries b.c.e. in Japan; featured introduction of wet-rice cultivation, ironworking; produced wheel-turned pottery and sophisticated bronzeware24
5830270997ShintoReligion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and natural spirits25
5830272194AmeterasuSun goddess of the Shinto religion26
5830272529YamatoJapanese clan that gained increasing dominance in the 4th and 5th centuries c.e.; created imperial cult around Amaterasu and Shinto; brought most of the lowland plains of the southern islands under control27
5830272530NaraAlong with Heian, capital of the Yamato emperors; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated28
5830273274HeianCapital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated29
5830274665AustronesianFamily of 30 related languages found in the Philippines, Indonesia, and southeast Asia; people of this linguistic group migrated throughout the Pacific30
5830274666PolynesiaIslands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island31
5830275518pahiDouble canoes used for long-distance voyaging; carried a platform between canoes for passengers or cargo32
5830275519Kamehameha IFought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisors resulting in unified Hawaiian kingdom by 1810; as king he promoted economic change by encouraging Western merchants to establish export trade in Hawaiian good33
5830275926manaPower of Hawaiian ali'i; emanated from their lineages and enable them to extract labor or tribute from their subjects34
5830275927kapuComplex set of social regulations in Hawaii that forbade certain activities and regulated social discourse35
5830275928MaoriResidents of New Zealand; migrated to New Zealand from Society Islands as early as 8th century c.e.36
5830276453moaLarge, wingless birds native to New Zealand; hunted to extinction by early settlers; extinction established need to develop new sources of protiens37
5830281109hapuprimary social unit of Maori society in New Zealand; divisions of tribes consisting of extended families; land allotted ot extended families in common38
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AP World History Chapter 7 Flashcards

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8319645494The major early turning point in the rise of the Persian empire was theVictory of Cyrus over Lydia0
8319645495The leaders of the Lydians who fell to Cyrus wasCroesus1
8319645496In organizing their empire, Persian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from theMesopotamians2
8319645497Which of the following lists of Persian empires is correct chronologically?Achaemenids, Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanids3
8319645498The Medes and Persians were originallyIndo-european4
8319645499the founder of the Achaemenid empire wasCyrus5
8319645500In 525 B.C.E. the Persian emperor Cambyses capturedEgypt6
8319645501The greatest of the Achaemenid emperors wasDarius7
8319645502Pasargadae wasthe capital of the persian empire before Persepolis8
8319645503The population of the Achaemenid empire under Darius wasthirty five million9
8319645504The magnificent capital of the Persian empire constructed by Darius wasPersepolis10
8319645505Satrapies werePersian administrative units11
8319645506The Persian "eyes and ears of the king"were spies12
8319645507The classic Persian governmental approach wasan enlightened and tolerant one13
8319645508Darius picked up the idea of standardized government-issued coinage from theLydians14
8319645509Which of the following empires normally displayed the greatest degree of toleration toward its subject peoplesAchaemenid15
8319645510The Persian king who regularized tax levies and standardized laws wasDarius16
8319645511The easternmost point of Darius's empire wasGandhara17
8319645512The Persian legal code was designed tocodify the laws of the subject peoples18
8319645513The center of the Persian communications network wasthe Royal Road19
8319645514Who used the words "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds" to describe the Persian courier service?Herodotus20
8319645515The qanats werePersian underground canals21
8319645516For his decision to allow them to return to their capital city and rebuild their templeJews22
8319645517The king who failed to follow the normal Persian governing policy of toleration wasXerxes23
8319645518The battle of Marathon in 490 B.C.E. proved to bea Persian loss24
8319645519The decisive victory of Alexander of Macedon over the Persians was called the battle ofGaugamela25
8319645520The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid empiresemployed a form of imperial administration copied from the Achaemenids26
8319645521The empire comprising most of the old Achaemenid state that was carved off by one of Alexander of Macedon's generals was theSeleucid27
8319645522The Seleucids were finally defeated in 83 B.C.E. by theRomans28
8319645523The Iranian state that followed the Achaemenids and that rivaled the Seleucids was theParthian29
8319645524The greatest Parthian ruler wasMithridates I30
8319645525Ctesiphon wasThe capital of the Parthian and Sasanid empires31
8319645526Shapur I wasthe greatest Sasanid king32
8319645527The Sasanids were defeated in 651 B.C.E. byArab warriors33
8319645528The social structure of the Medes and Persians was originally very similar tothe Aryans34
8319645529Gimillu wasa slave associated with the temple in Uruk35
8319645530Zoroastrianism wasvery strongly monotheistic36
8319645531Zarathustra talked about the battle between the "wise lord" Ahura Mazda and the evil spiritAngra Mainyu37
8319645532The Gathas wereZarathustra's compositions38
8319645533Which of the following basic tenets of Zoroastrianism did not influence later religions?The view of the material world as a place of temptation that had to be ignored39
8319645534Zarathustra viewed the material worldas a gift from Ahura Mazda that should be enjoyed40
8319645535The words "good words, good thoughts, good deeds" were used to sum up the view of morality of theZoroastrians41
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AP World History Chapter 17 Flashcards

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5795146193gunpowderan explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal; earliest known propellant explosive; used for quarry blasting, fuses, and fireworks0
5795146194Li Yuanaka Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu1
5795146195Chan BuddhismKnowns as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of the elite class2
5795146196Yang Guifeiroyal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt3
5795146197Zhu XiMost prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action4
5795146198Xi Xiakingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom in mid 11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry5
5795146199junksChinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, strenpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula6
5795146200Hangzhoucapital of Song dynasty7
5795146201Wendiformerly known as Yang Jian; northern aristocrat that struck a marriage alliance between his daughter and ruler of northern Zhou; later seized the throne from his son-in-law and proclaimed himself emperor and took the title Wendi8
5795146202Ministry of RitesAdministered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or thise recommended by distinguished scholars9
5795146203Pure Land Buddhismemphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society10
5795146204XuanzongLeading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned 713-755 though he encouraged overexpansion11
5795146205Wang AnshiConfucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society12
5795146206Liao dynastyfounded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China13
5795146207flying moneychinese credit instrument taht provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency14
5795146208footbindingpractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women in household15
5795146209Yangdisecond member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 61816
5795146210jinshititle granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination in all if Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office17
5795146211WuzongChinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology18
5795146212Zhao Kuangyinfounder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent19
5795146213Jurchensfounders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south20
5795146214southern Songrump state of Song dynasty from 1127-1279; carved out much of larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history21
5795146215Chang'ancapital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time22
5795146216Li Bomost famous poet of Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings23
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