| CourseNotes

AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

7537174779	Biggest cause of the spread of Islamic civ	The creation of dhows, which were very small vessels w/ one or two masts, and had one or two large triangular lateen sails that let them sail against the wind. Tens of thousands of dhows=main carriers of Muslim commerce.	0
7537205878	Dhows, importance	Many of the same ships conveyed Sufis or Muslim holy men to India, Java, Malaya, Philippine. Essential to the remarkable spread of Islam. Missionaries of Ilslamic faith = traveled by caravan into Central Asia and across ASahara, or across sea in Dhows.	1
7537222522	Collapse of the Bassids	Rival dynasties were challenging them, new nomaidic invasions by Turkish speakers and the Mognols, Berber jihadists as wlell.	2
7537244840	Al-Mahdi	Third abbasid caliph. There were lots of courtly excesses and poli divisiions contributing to the decline fo the empire, Al-Mahdi= wanted to reconcile the moderates among the Shia opposition, their revolts and assissination attemps would plague the Abbassid officials. Al-Mahdi = liked luxury, lots of concubines. he also couldn't solve the problem of succession, and allowed his wives and concubiens to become involved in palace intrigues.	3
7537264149	Harun al-Rashid	Loved extravagence, met some ambassaders from Charlemagne and showed them the beauties of Bahgdad. Became dependent on Persian advisors, tried to resist their influence but most caliphs soon became pawns in power struggles.	4
7537279046	Effect of Harun al-Rashid's death	Bunch of full-scale civil wars over succession.	5
7537293789	Creation of a nomad force by one of the sons of al-Ma'mun	Chose to build personal armies in the anticipation fo rthe fight for throne. Recruited a bodyguard of 4,000 nomads, then increased this mercenary force to 70,000.	6
7537309428	The force gets loose	Murdered the reigning caliph and placed a son on the throne, and four mor ecaliphs = killed. They also became a majro force for violent social unrest, and were major force in social unrest.	7
7537316234	Imperial Breakdown and Agrarian Disorder	Dynasty managed to bring the slave armies under control, but the civil violence = drained the treasury, alienated the subjects of the Abbasids, further strain on the empire's dwindling revenues by Caliphs' attempts to leave Baghdad by making new capitals near the orginal one, expense = fell on the peasantry, and the need to support more mercenaries = more revenue demands on the peasantry.	8
7537369349	Taxation and outright pillaging, more civil unrest	Spiraling taxation, pillaging = destruction of many villages in the richest provinces of the empire. Giant irrigation works = fell into disrepair, peasant died and others went into the wildernes, dissident religious groups = peasant uprising.	9
7537387717	Declining of Women in Family and Society	Harem and the veil = embelm of women' increasing subjugation to men and confinement to the home.Concubines = slaves who win their freedom and gain power gy having healthy sons. Great demand for female and male slaves.	10
7537420580	Slaves, origins	Captured or purchased in the non-Muslim regions surrounding the empire, including the Balkans, central Asia, Sudanic Africa, sold in slave markets. Female and male slaves = desired for beauty and intelligence. Slave womena dns ervants = had more personal liberty than freeborn wives. Could go to the market, didn't need veils and robes.	11
7537439452	Poor women's role in the house	They farmed, made clothing and rugs, raised silkworms,.	12
7537453214	Rich women, roles	They cajoled their husbands, plotted with eunuchs and royal advisors to advance their interests of their sons and win for them the ruler's backing for succession to the throne. By the end of the Abbasid time, freedom and influence o/ Women = severely curtailed.	13
7537466480	Buyids	Army of a regional splinter dynasty, invaded the ehartlands and took baghdad. From that point on, caliphs = pawns by Buyids.	14
7537474650	Buyids, failure to maintain empire	They couldn't hold it together, Seljuk Turks came in	15
7537485738	Seljuk Turks	Nomads from Central Asia via Persia. Turkic military leaders ruled the remaining portions of the Abbasid empire in the name of caliphs. Seljuks = staunch Sunnis, purged the Shiite officials. Seljuk = restored political initative, ended the threat of conquest by a rival Shia dynasty in Egypt, humbled the Byzantines, which allowed Asia Minor to be taken.	16
7537501880	The Christian Crusades #1	They come down from Western Europe, want to take portions of the Islamic world. They took the Holy Land Jerusalem taken, Muslim and Jewish inhabitants smashed to pieces.	17
7537548969	Crusaders: overall threat to muslims	Not really a big deal, they hated Christians shown by the fact that they continued to quarrel among themselves.	18
7537554151	Saladin	Muslim ruler, the Msulims retake all of the crusader outposts.	19
7537560155	effect of the Crusades on Christians	Intensified European borrowing from the Muslim world, Muslim weapons = highly prized and copied by the Europeans, who were eager to improve on their methods of making war. Muslim techniques of bulding fortifications = copied by Christian rulers. Also recovered the Greek learning lost to northern Europe during waves of nomadic invasions after the fall of Rome. Mastered Arabic numerals and the decimal system, benefited in advances in math + science.	20
7537593670	Muslim influences: elite and popular cultures of western Europe	Included Persian and Arabic words, games like chess, chivalric ideals and ballads, foods like dates, coffee and yogurt. Muslim ppls in this era = little interest in learning or instiutions of the west, though Italian merchant communities = contribute a lot more to these ongoing interchanges.	21
7537616832	Expansion of the pro classes	Muslim, Jewish, Christians amassed fortues supplying cities w/ grain and barley, cotton, woole textiles, luxury items like gems, fruits, cane. Lots of long-d trade.	22
7537627983	Chief beneficiaries of the sustained urban propserity	Artists and artisans who continued the formidable achievements in architecture and the rafts tht began in the Umayyad period, Mosques and palaces = bigger + more ornate. Muslim engineers and architects created some of the great architectural treasures, tapestries and rugs of Muslim peoples = in great demand from Europe to China, rugs = desired for their great designs, vivid colors, skillw ith which they are woven.	23
7537648619	Rise o/ Persian iterature	Persian caliphs came to be important in imperial politics, it replaced Arabic as the primary written language of religion, law, nat'l sciences. Persian = high culture language.	24
7537663321	Shah-Nama	Book of kings, it relates the history of Persia from the beginning of time to Islamic conquests, lots o/ details o/ battles, intrigues, illicit love affairs.	25
7560310191	Persian writers in the Abbasid era, what they write about	Wrote on many things, from doomed love affairs and statecraft to accounts of distant travels, mystical strivig for communion w/ divine. Sadi fuses an everyday incident w/ a religious one.	26
7560385356	Achievements in the Sciences, muslim	They helped to preserve and compile the learning of the ancient civiliations, Mslim ppls = creators and inventors, they outstripped all other in scientific discoveries, new techniques of investigation, new technologies. Developed algebraic and geometric theories, and started up trignometry.	27
7560395522	Discoveries in Chemistry	Creation of the objective experiment and al-Razi's scheme of classifying all material substances into animal, vegetable, mineral substances.	28
7560401480	Sophistication of Muslim scientific techniques	al-Biruni = calculated the specific weight of 18 major minerals. Sophistication also manifested in astronomical instruments, developed through cooperation btw Muslim scholars and skilled artisans, astronimcal tables + maps = in great demand among scholars of other civs.	29
7560408689	Practical applications of Muslim work n Scientific investigation	Muslim cities had some of the best hopspitals in the world, Doctors and pharmacists had to follow a course of study and pass an exam. Also did important work on optics andbladder ailments, and muslim traders introduced into the Islamic world and europe many basic machines and techniques devised earlier in China.	30
7560417033	Religious trends in Islam	Resurgence of mysticism = Islam has a new vibrancy, but orthodox religious scholars like the ulama = more suspicious of and hostile to non-islamic ideas and scientific thinking. Crusades promoted the latter trend.	31
7560420106	Al-Ghazali	Greatest Islamic theologian, struggled to fuse the Greek and Qur'anic traditions, ideas often rejected by orthodox scholars.	32
7560423677	Sufist movement	Reaction against the impersonal and abstract divinity that many ulama scholars argued was the true god of the Qu'ran. Sufis = tried to see beyond what they believed to be the illusory existence of everyday life, delight in the presence of Allahin the world. Insisted ona clear ditstinction btw Allah and humans.	33
7560445534	Sufis, reputations	Some gained reputations as great healers and workers of miracles, others led militant bands that tried to spread Islam. Some sufis used ascetism to find Allah, others use meditation/songs/drugs/ecstatic dancing, also pursue scientific investigations and writing major works on ethics and poli philosophy.	34
7560449799	Smashing of the Abbasids, this time for good	Mongols united under Genghis Khan raided and smashe the Truko-Persian kingdoms that had developed in the regions to the east of Baghdad, his grand son renewed the Mongol assault on the rich centers of Islamic civ. They then continued west until smashed by Mamluks.	35
7560459810	Hinduism vs Muslim	Complete opposites, Hinduism - open, tolerant, inclusive, while Islam = doctrinaire, proselytizing, committed to the worship of 1 god.	36
7560470937	First Muslim intrusion	Peaceful trading contacts that initially brought Muslims into contact with Indian civilization. Arab seafarers and traders = major carriers in the vast trading network that stretched from italy in the Med to South China Sea. After converting to Islam, traders visited the ports of India, esp. those on the west caost.	37
7560483713	Quarrel over piracy-spread of Islam into India	Attack by piracters from Sind in Western India = a punitive expedition against the king of Sind, and so Muhammad Ibn Qasim led more than 10,000 warrirors into Sind. Muhammad then took Sind.	38
7560489880	Indian Influences on Islamic Civ	Arab foothold in Sind = contacts by which Indian learning transmitted to the Muslim heartlands in the ME. Islamic civ = enriched by the skills and discoveries of yet another great civ.	39
7560495340	Indian Knowledge heads to Arab states	Hindu mathematicians and astronemrs, their works on algebra and gemoetry translated into Arabic, isntruments for celestial observation copied, Arab thinkers used the numerical system.	40
7560499094	Indian treatises on subjects	Ranged from medicine to music translated and studied by Arab scholars, Indian physicians brought to Baghdad to run the well-endowed hopsitals Christian crusaders found a source of wonderment and a cause for envy. Indian doctors = cured Arab rulers and officials whom Greek physicians had pronounced beyond elp.	41
7560504987	Mahmud of Ghazni	Lead a series of expeditions that began nearly 200 years of Muslim raiding and conquest in northern India. Mahmud = smashed deep into the continent.	42
7560509710	Muhammad of Ghur	Put together a string of military victories that brough the Indus valley and much of north central India under his control, Muhammad's conquests = extended along the Gangetic plain as far as Bengal.	43
7560514011	Capital of the new Muslim empire	At Delhi along the Jumna River on the Gangetic plain, Delhi's location in the very center of nrothern India = proclaimed a Muslim dynasty rooted in the subcontinent itslef.	44
7560518997	Further spread of Islam down south	Sizable Muslim communities begin tod evelop, main carriers of the new faith = merchants but most especially Sufi mystics, the latter shared much ith Indian gurus and wandering ascetics in both style and message. Belief in their magical and healing powers enhanced the Sufi stature, increased following.	45
7560538418	Indigenous converts, where they come from	Came from specific egions and social groups, very small numbers of converts found in the Indo-Gangetic centers of Muslim political power, which suggests the very limited imortance of forced conversions, most Indians who converted to Islam = Buddhist or low caste groups.	46
7560542142	Why ppl wanted to become Islamic	Islamic = more rigorous, and without monastic suprerivision local buddhist congregations = sank further into orgy and experiments with magic. Untouchables and low caste hindus and ppl worshipping spriits attracted to the more egalitarian social arrangements.	47
7560548868	Hindus, positions as administrators in the bureacracies of Muslim overlords	Many = willing to take positions as administrators in the bureacracies of Muslim overlords or as soldiers armies and trade with Muslim Merchants, but were socially aloof fom their conquerors.	48
7560554125	HIndus, staffing the bureacracies, poortion of the armies of Muslim rulers	Muslim princes = regal styles and practices that were Hindu-isnpired and contrary to the Wur'an. Some muslim rulers said they were of divine descent.	49
7560556201	Muslim commuiities, social divide	recently arrived Muslims = generally on top of the hierarchies that developed. High Ccaste Hindu converts came next, followed by clean artisan and merchant groups, lower caste and untouchables = at the bottom.	50
7560568560	Consequences for women, spread of islam	The ivaders adopt practice ofmarrying women early, prohibitions against remarriage of widows at the high caste levels, and even do sati.	51
7560571699	Hindu rxn to Islam's spread	Chose to put greater emphasis on the devotional cults of gods and goddesses that had been effective in smashing Buddhism	52
7560572887	Bhaktic cults	Open to all, some of the most celebrated writers of religious poetry and songs of worhsip = women like Mira bai. Sants from low caste origins = revered by warrior and brahmans as wellas wby farmers merchants and outcastes.	53
7560577221	Kabir	Muslim weaver, played down the significance of religious differences, proclaimed tha tlall faiths could make spiritual fulfillment.	54
7560582608	Bhakti mystics and gurus, what they stress	Stressed importanceof strong emtional bond btw devotee and the god of goddess of veneration. Chnts, dances, sometimes drugs used to reach state of spiritual intoxication, once you get there, all past sins = removed. Widely worshipped deities = Shiva and Vishnu. Kali = venerated as well, it did much to stem flow of converts to Islam.	55
7560590662	Spread of Islam to SE Asia	Got down there. Started after the fall of Shrivijaya, which was centered on the Strait of Malacca btw Malaya and NE of Sumatra. Way open for widespread introduction of Islam, indian traders = welcome to trade int he chain of ports controlleld by them. Little incentive for the traders and sailros to be Islam, but with the fall of Shrivijaya, incentives increase to preach faith to coastal ppls.	56
7560752965	The key to widespread conversion	Was the powerful trading city of Malacca, whose smaller trading empire = replaced Shrivijaya. From malacca, Islam sprea to east Sumatra and to Demak on the north coast of Java. From there, the Muslim faith spread to other javanese orts. After a long struggle with a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in the interiro, the rest of the island was eventually converted. From Deak, Islam went to the Celebes adn the Spice Islands in the eastern archipelago, and from the lattter to mindanao in the Southern phillipines.	57
7560770973	Sufis, how they vary in personality and approach	Most were believed by thsoe who followed them to have magical powers, nearly all sufis established mosque and school centers from which they traveled in neighboring regions to preach the faith. Sufis = allowed inhabitants of island SE asia to retain pre-Islamic beliefs and practices, which remained important in regulating social intercation, whereas islamic law = confined to specific agreement sand exchanges. Women - stronger position.	58

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Terms (Economic) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7222332101	Agrarian	a person who advocates a redistribution of landed property, especially as part of a social movement.	0
7222332102	Export	send (goods or services) to another country for sale.	1
7222332118	Import	bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale.	2
7222332716	Pastoral	(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle.	3
7222332717	Inflation	a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.	4
7222341584	Commerce	the activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale.	5
7222333837	Labor Systems	a plan or system for utilizing convict labor often authorized by law	6
7222333838	Commodity	a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.	7
7222333839	Industrialization	the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.	8
7222333840	Surplus	an amount of something left over when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand.	9
7222333841	Specialization of Labor	a powerful force in an economy, benefiting small and large businesses alike.	10

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Set 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7263320302	Urbanization	the process of making an area more urban	0
7263321229	Aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices	1
7263322393	Sericulture	the production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose	2
7263323365	Maritime	connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity	3
7263324191	Stratified	arrange or classify	4
7263325712	Mandate of Heaven	the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. They used this Mandate to justify their overthrow of the Shang, and their subsequent rule.	5
7263325713	Irrigation	the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels	6
7263327281	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives	7
7263328087	Dynastic Cycle	rise to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty	8
7263328088	Monarchy	a form of government with a monarch at the head	9
7263328956	Accumulation	the acquisition or gradual gathering of something	10
7263328957	Textiles	a type of cloth or woven fabric	11
7263330603	Silted River	Silt is the fine bits of clay and sand that become sediment settling at the bottom of a river or lake. If there's a lot of silt flowing in a river, it looks murky. Silt is the super-fine dirt that you might see at the bottom of a lake or river	12
7263331648	Trans Regional	across regions	13
7263331649	Currency	a system of money in general use in a particular country	14
7263336599	Desertification	the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.	15

Powered by Quizlet.com

wkhjr918 AP World History Chapter 27 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4183224120	Nicholas I	(r. 1894-1917) Tsar who took the throne after Alexander II's assassination, a weak ruler who used expansionist ventures to deflect attention from domestic issues and neutralize revolutionary movements	0
4183224121	Alexander II	(r. 1855-1881) Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated the serfs; he was assassinated	1
4183224122	Vladimir Lenin	Leader of the Bolshevik (later Communist) Party. He lived in exile in Switzerland until 1917, then returned to Russia to lead the Bolsheviks to victory during the Russian Revolution and the civil war that followed	2
4183224123	Bolsheviks	Literally, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by V. I. Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; actually a minority in the Russian Marxist political scheme until its triumph in the 1917 revolution	3
4183224124	Matthew Perry	Amercian commodore who visited Edo Bay with American fleet in 1853; insisted on opening ports to american trade on threat of naval bombardment; won rifts for American trade with Japan in 1854	4
4183224125	Decemberist Uprising	Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nickolas I	5
4183224126	Crimean War	Fought between 1854 and 1856; began as Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire; Russia opposed by France and Britain as well; resulted in Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to Russian reforms under Tsar Alexander II	6
4183224127	Emancipation of the Serfs	Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land	7
4183224128	Zemstvoes	Local political councils created as part of reforms of Tsar Alexander II (1860s); gave some Russians, particularly middle-class professionals, some experience in government; councils has no impact on national policy	8
4183224129	Anarchists	Political groups seeking abolition of all formal government; formed in many parts of Europe and Americas in late 19th and early 20yh centuries; particularly prevalent in Russia, opposing tsarist autocracy and becoming a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881	9
4183224130	Duma	National parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; included reduction in redemption payments, attempt to create market-oriented peasantry	10
4183224131	Meiji State	Feudalism finally ends under this rule in Japan	11
4183224132	Diet	Japanese parliament established as part of the new constitution of 1889; part of Meiji reforms; could pass laws and approve budgets; able to advise government, but not to control it	12
4183224133	Zaibatsu	Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of the process of industrialization	13
4183224134	Sino-Japanese War	War fought between Japan and Qing China between 1894 and 1895; resulted in Japanese victory; frustrated Japanese imperial aims because of Western insistence that Japan withdraw from Liaodong peninsula	14

Powered by Quizlet.com

Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 19 - Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5184019942	The ____________________ (RAS) is a series of neurological circuits in the brain that control the functions of staying awake, paying attention, and sleeping	Reticular Activating System	0
5184019943	_______ is needed to perfuse brain tissue, _______ is needed to nourish brain tissue, and _______ is needed to keep brain tissue hydrated	Oxygen, glucose, water	1
5184019944	One of the most common causes of AMS is _______	Hypoxia	2
5184019945	Asking a children's ________ can usually give you the most information regarding their mental status	Parents	3
5184019946	_______ is a form of sugar, the body's basic source of energy	Glucose	4
5184019947	The glucose molecule is large and will not pass into most of the cells without the assistance of _______	Insulin	5
5184019948	The pancreas secretes insulin when the blood glucose rises above about ___ mg/dL	90 mg/dL	6
5184019949	_______ is a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics	Insulin	7
5184019950	_______________ is the condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly	Diabetes Mellitus	8
5184019951	Type __ diabetes occurs when pancreatic cells fail to function properly and insulin is not secreted normally. Does not have enough insulin in the system to transfer circulating glucose into the cells	Type-1	9
5184019952	______ and ______ are acronyms for Type II diabetic patients presenting with hyerglycemia	HHNK (Hyperosmolic, Hyperglycemic, Non-Ketonic) and HONK (Hyper Osmolic, Non-Ketonic	10
5184019953	Type __ diabetes occurs when the body's cells fail to use insulin properly. The pancreas may be secreting enough insulin, but the body is unable to use it to move glucose out of the blood and into the cells	Type 2	11
5184019954	_________ means low blood sugar	Hypoglycemia	12
5184019955	Hypoglycemia can be caused by taking too ______ insulin, not eating, over______, vomiting, and increasing metabolic rate by ______ or _______	Too much, overexertion, fever or shivering	13
5184019956	Hypoglycemia typically has a very _______ onset, often mimics a drunken stupor. Also activates sympathetic nervous system, causing __________ skin, tachycardia, and _______ breathing	Rapid, pale/sweaty, rapid	14
5184019957	When it can be given without threatening the patient's airway, ____________ should be administered promptly, before the patient loses consciousness	Oral glucose	15
5184019958	________ is high blood sugar	Hyerglycemia	16
5184019959	Hyperglycemia is usually caused by a decrease in ________, which leaves sugar in the bloodstream rather than helping it to enter the cells	Insulin	17
5184019960	Hyperglycemia has a very ______ onset, with patient complaining of chronic ______ or _______, and increased urination	Slow, thirst or hunger	18
5184019961	________________ (DKA) is a condition that occurs as a result high blood sugar, characterized by dehydration, AMS, and shock	Diabetic Ketoacidosis	19
5184019962	Only Type ___ Diabetics can present with DKA	Type I	20
5184019963	The main difference between Type I and Type II diabetes is that Type I can present with ________	Ketones	21
5184019964	A person with DKA will commonly have a profound AMS, and signs and symptoms of severe ______, caused by dehydration	Shock	22
5184019965	A waste product of DKA is ketones, which emit a _____________ odor on exhalation	Fruity, acetone	23
5184019966	A blood glucose reading of less than ___ mg/dL in a symptomatic diabetic is typical of hypoglycemia and indicates the need for prompt administration of glucose	60 mg/dL	24
5184019967	Patients with a blood glucose reading of less than ___ mg/dL will have significant AMS that may include unconsciousness	50 mg/dL	25
5184019968	A blood glucose reading of over ____ mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia	140 mg/dL	26
5184019969	A patient with a blood glucose of over ____ mg/dL, especially for a long period of time, may experience dehydration and other more serious symptoms	300 mg/dL	27
5184019970	Oral Glucose Indications: Contraindications: Dose: Route: Effects: Side Effects:	Oral Glucose Indications: Patients with AMS and a history of diabetes Contraindications: Unconsciousness, known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days, unable to swallow Dose: One tube Route: Buccal, oral Effects: Increases blood sugar Side Effects: None when given properly	28
5184019971	________ has a slow onset, as opposed to _______, which has an acute onset	Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia	29
5184019972	________ patients usually have ____________, and ______ skin. ________ patients usually have cold, pale, moist/clammy skin	Hyperglycemic, warm, red, dry, Hypoglycemic	30
5184019973	_________ patients often have acetone breath, and typically breathe very deeply and rapidly	Hyperglycemic	31
5184019974	Sugar for _______ is a rule of thumb in diabetic emergencies, regardless of whether hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia is suspected	Everyone	32
5184019975	________ is an infection, especially a severe, systemwide response to infection, that can lead to ________ and ________ shock	Sepsis, Distributive and Hypovolemic	33
5184019976	The three types of infections most commonly associated with severe sepsis are ________ infections/pneumonia, ____________ ______ (UTI), and skin/_____ infections	Respiratory, urinary tract infections, and wounds	34
5184019977	The most important step in the treatment of sepsis is ________	Recongnition	35
5184019978	A _________ is a sudden change in sensation, behavior, or movement. The most severe form produces violent muscle contractions called convulsions	Seizure	36
5184019979	_______ seizures only affect one part or side of the brain	Partial	37
5184019980	A ________ seizure affects both sides of the brain	Generalized	38
5184019981	A ____________ seizure is a generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups. Often comes without warning	Tonic-clonic	39
5184019982	During the _______ phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, the body becomes rigid, stiffening for no more than 30 secs. Breathing may stop, patient may bite his tongue, and bowel/bladder control could be lost	Tonic	40
5184019983	During the _______ phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, the body jerks violently, usually for no more than 1-2 mins (up to 5). Patient may foam from the mouth and drool, and may be cyanotic	Clonic	41
5184019984	During the ________ phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, the convulsions stop. The patient may regain consciousness and enter a state of confusion, or he may remain unconscious for several hours. Headache is common	Postictal	42
5184019985	An _______ is a sensation experienced by a seizure patient right before the seizure, which might be a smell, sound, or general feeling	Aura	43
5184019986	The most common cause of seizures in adults is failure to take ______________ medications	Prescribed antiseizure	44
5184019987	The most common cause of seizures in infants and children is a high ______	Fever	45
5184019988	________ frequently causes seizures. Often immediately precede respiratory/cardiac arrest	Hypoxia	46
5184019989	________ (low blood sugar) is a cause of seizures	Hypoglycemia	47
5184019990	________ means occurring spontaneously with an unknown cause. Often the case of seizures that start in childhood	Idiopathic	48
5184019991	________ is a medical condition that causes seizures	Epilepsy	49
5184019992	If you are present when a patient begins to seize, if there is no possibility of spinal injury, place the patient on his _____	Side	50
5184019993	When a patient has two or more convulsive seizures in a row without regaining full consciousness or a single seizure lasting more than 10 mins, it is known as _______________	Status epilipticus	51
5184019994	In a simple _______ seizure, there is tingling, stiffening, or jerking in just one part of the body	Partial	52
5184019995	A ____________ seizure (psychomotor or temporal lobe) is often preceded by an aura, and is characterized by abnormal behavior that varies wildly from person to person	Complex partial	53
5184019996	An absence seizure (____________) is brief, usually lasting less than 10 secs. There is no loss of consciousness, rather a temporary loss of concentration or awareness	Petit mal	54
5184019997	A _______ is a condition of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured, disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain	Stroke	55
5184019998	A stroke caused by a blockage, called an _______ stroke, can occur when a clot or embolism occludes an artery. Responsible for most strokes	Ischemic	56
5184019999	A stroke caused by bleeding into the brain, called a _______ stroke, is frequently the result of long-standing high blood pressure. Can also occur due to an aneurysm	Hemorraghic	57
5184020000	One of the most common signs of stroke is ________, one-sided weakness	Hemiparesis	58
5184020001	Someone with left sided weakness is often having problems with the _____ side of their brain, and vice versa	Right	59
5184020002	Sagging or drooping of the face (is/is not) a reliable indicator of the side of the brain that is having problems	Is not	60
5184020003	A less common but very important sign of stroke is a ______ caused by bleeding from a ruptured vessel	Headache	61
5184020004	If a patient cried out in pain, clutched his head, and collapsed, it is a sign that they may have experienced a ______________	Subarachnoid hemorrhage	62
5184020005	When a patient knows what he wants to say, but says the wrong words, he is presenting with ____________	Expressive aphasia	63
5184020006	When a patient can speak clearly, but does not understand what you're saying to him, he is presenting with _______________	Receptive aphasia	64
5184020007	A ____________________ (TIA) presents with the same signs and symptoms of a stroke, but typically lasts only about ___ hours	Transient ischemic attack, 24 hours	65
5184020008	The three items included in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale are: ____________ ___________ ______	Facial droop Arm drift Speech	66
5184020009	________ is a notorious imitator of stroke	Hypoglycemia	67
5184020010	________ means fainting	Syncope	68
5184020011	Syncope can be a sign of acute _____________ and can be caused by an alteration of the heart's ability to pump	Myocardial infarction	69
5184020012	In most cases, syncope should be evaluated by _____	ALS	70
5184020013	A ________ is the minimum requirement for hospitals to transport a stroke patient	CT Scan	71

Powered by Quizlet.com

Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 17 - Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4213785355	The ________ is a muscular structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity	Diaphragm	0
4213785356	_________ is an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs	Inspiration (Inhalation)	1
4213785357	_________ is a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing air from the lungs	Expiration (Exhalation)	2
4213785358	________ breathing is breathing that is sufficient to support life, while ________ breathing is not	Adequate, inadequate	3
4213785359	Average respiratory rates: Adults __-__ BPM Children __-__ BPM Infants __-__ BPM	Adults - 12-20 Children - 15-30 Infants - 25-50	4
4213785360	________ respirations (also called dying respirations) are sporadic, irregular breaths that are usually seen just before respiratory arrest. They are shallow and gasping with only a few BPM	Agonal	5
4213785361	In order of preference, the means for providing assisted ventilation are ______ _______ _______ with supplemental oxygen, ____-Rescuer BVM, _______, and _____-Rescuer BVM	Pocket face mask, Two-Rescuer BVM, FROPVD, and One-Rescuer BVM	6
4213785362	If a patient with inadequate breathing is conscious enough to fight artificial ventilation, ______ immediately and contact _______ _______	Transport, Medical Control	7
4213785363	The adequate rate for artificial ventilation for adults is ___ BPM and ___ BPM for infants and children	12, 20	8
4213785364	________ leads to elimination of more carbon dioxide, which changes the blood chemistry and can result in constriction of the blood vessels in the brain, leading to decreased perfusion of the brain	Hyperventilation	9
4213785365	The pulse in adults will usually increase when there is a lack of oxygen, therefore, a pulse that remains the same or increases may indicate _______ _______ _______	Inadequate artificial ventilation	10
4213785366	When using a pulse oximeter, it is best to get a "_____ _____" reading prior to giving the patient supplemental oxygen if the pulse ox is readily available	"Room Air"	11
4213785367	Never _______ oxygen administration to obtain an O2 sat reading	Delay	12
4213785368	_______ should be administered to all patients with respiratory distress regardless of their O2 saturation	Oxygen	13
4213785369	A pulse oximeter reading of ___-___ is considered normal	96-100	14
4213785370	_______ are high pitched sounds that seem almost musical in nature. Are created by air moving through narrowed passages in the lungs. Most commonly heard on _______. Common in asthma and sometimes in emphysema and chronic bronchitis	Wheezing, expiration	15
4213785371	________ are a fine crackling or bubbling sound heard on ________. Caused by fluid in the alveoli or by the opening of closed alveoli	Crackles	16
4213785372	_______ are lower-pitched sounds that resemble snoring or rattling. Caused by secretions in larger airways as might be seen in pneumonia or bronchitis when materials are aspirated into the lungs. Generally louder than crackles	Rhonchi	17
4213785373	_______ is a high-pitched sound heard on ________. It is an upper airway sound indicating partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx. Typically audible without a stethoscope	Stridor, inspiration	18
4213785374	________ is the main treatment for any patient in respiratory difficulty	Oxygen	19
4213785375	A patient with difficulty breathing should be placed in the position of _______	Comfort	20
4213785376	________ ________ ________ ________ (CPAP) is a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing	Continuous positive airway pressure	21
4213785377	Blowing oxygen or air continuously at a low pressure into the airway prevents the ______ from collapsing at the end of exhalation, and it can also push fluid out of the alveoli back into the capillaries that surround them	Alveoli	22
4213785378	Common CPAP uses include ______ ______ and _______, in which there is fluid in the alveoli that can be pushed out of the alveoli and back into the capillaries, and _____ and _____, in which the alveoli are at risk of closing at the end of exhalation	Pulmonary edema and drowning, COPD and asthma	23
4213785379	CPAP contraindications include a ______ ______ so depressed that the patient cannot protect his airway or follow instructions, lack a normal, spontaneous RR, can't sit up, ________ (less that 90 mm Hg), and inability to get/maintain a mask seal. Considered ________-________ contraindications	Mental status, hypotension, Anatomic-physiologic	24
4213785380	CPAP contraindications include _______ and _______, ________ chest trauma (pneumothorax), shock, GI bleeding/gastric surgery, and any condition preventing a good mask seal. _______ contraindications	Nausea and vomiting, penetrating, Pathologic	25
4213785381	A side of effect of CPAP is a drop in ___	B/P (patient must have a systolic of at least 90 mmHg)	26
4213785382	There is a risk that using the CPAP may cause a weakened area to rupture, causing the lung to collapse (__________)	Pneumothorax	27
4213785383	Patients who are _______ have an increased risk of aspiration because positive pressure can push air in the stomach, causing gastric distention	Vomiting	28
4213785384	Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and many undetermined respiratory illnesses that cause problems like emphysema are classified as ______ ______ _______ ________	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)	29
4213785385	________ cause an overwhelming majority of cases of COPD	Cigarettes	30
4213785386	In ______ _______, the bronchiole lining is inflamed and excess mucus if formed. The cells in the bronchioles that normally clear away accumulations of mucus (Cilia) are not able to do so, due to being damaged or destroyed	Chronic bronchitis	31
4213785387	In _______, the walls of the alveoli break down, greatly reducing the surface area for diffusion, and causing the lungs to lose elasticity. Causes _______ _______ to be trapped in the lungs, reducing the effectiveness of normal breathing efforts	Emphysema, carbon dioxide	32
4213785388	Usually the reason that a COPD patient calls an ambulance is that a recent ______ _____ _____ has caused an acute worsening of the chronic disease. Signs of this occurring are a _______ and green or dark sputum	Upper respiratory infection, fever	33
4213785389	In COPD patients, the drive to breath is based on low levels of _______ rather than high levels of _______ _______	Oxygen, carbon dioxide	34
4213785390	________ is a chronic disease that has episodic exacerbations or flares. The small bronchioles that lead to the air sacs of the lungs become narrowed because of contractions of the muscles that make up the airway. _______ is the common sound associated with this disease	Asthma, wheezing	35
4213785391	Patients with ______ _______ _______ (CHF) may experience difficulty breathing because of fluid that accumulates in the lungs, preventing them from breathing adequately. Known as ________ ________	Congestive Heart Failure, Pulmonary Edema	36
4213785392	Pulmonary edema usually occurs because the ______ side of the heart has been damaged, often because of a _______ ________ or chronic ________	Left, Myocardial infarction, hypertension	37
4213785393	Patients with CHF often have ______ and ______ sided heart failure	Left and right	38
4213785394	The pressure that is backed up into systemic circulation can often be seen as ______ ______ in the lower legs	Dependent edema	39
4213785395	Patients with CHF will often have a ________ lung sound due to fluid being backed up in the lower lungs	Crackling	40
4213785396	_______ is very useful on CHF and pulmonary edema, as it will help push fluid out of the lungs	CPAP	41
4213785397	_______ is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungi	Pneumonia	42
4213785398	Some of the most common signs and symptoms of pneumonia are ______ and severe ______	Fever and chills	43
4213785399	When a lung collapses without injury or any other obvious cause, it is known as _______ ________	Spontaneous pneumothorax	44
4213785400	A small, weak section of the lung is called a ______, and is the cause for spontaneous pneumothorax. _____, thin people and smokers are at high risk for developing spontaneous pneumothorax	Bleb, Tall	45
4213785401	______ cannot be used on patients with spontaneous pneumothorax	CPAP	46
4213785402	A _______ _______ is a blood clot, air, or fat trying to go through the blood vessels, getting stuck and blocking an artery in the lungs	Pulmonary embolism	47
4213785403	A blood clot that starts in a vein, often in the leg or pelvis, is known as a ______ _______ _______ (DVT). Sedentary people and patients with cancer are typical patients with this sign	Deep vein thrombosis	48
4213785404	________ is an infection in the area above and around the epiglottis, causing swelling	Epiglottitis	49
4213785405	________, ________, and a _______ are signs that a patient has epiglottits	Drooling, stridor, fever	50
4213785406	You should never inspect the _______ when epiglottitis is suspected, keep the patient calm and transport	Throat	51
4213785407	_______ _______ is a genetic disease that typically appears in childhood, and causes thick, sticky mucus that accumulates in the lungs and digestive system	Cystic fibrosis	52
4213785408	______ _______ _______ are one of the most common afflictions a person may get	Viral respiratory infections	53
4213785409	_________ is constriction or blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs	Bronchoconstriction	54
4213785410	Inhalers or MDIs dilate the air passages, making breathing easier (_________)	Bronchodilators	55
4213785411	_______ devices make the exact timing of using an inhaler less critical	Spacer	56
4213785412	If assisting a patient with their inhaler, make sure the patient holds their breath as long as possible to allow the medication to be _______	Absorbed	57
4213785413	________ a medication involves running oxygen or air through a liquid medication	Nebulizing	58
4213785414	Patients using a nebulizer may experience an increased ____, tremors, nervousness, or a jittery feeling	H/R	59
4213785415	Inadequate ventilations are likely to cause a ________ pulse in pediatric patients	Decreased	60
4213785416	The use of an ________ inhaler is the most impactful in reversing an asthmatic patient's condition	Albuterol	61

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP world history Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

2670888834	Hunting and gathering	The act of hunting animals and gathering plants for survival. It threw important light on the economic and social dynamics that shaped the experienceso of prehistoric forgers.	0
2673051761	Neolithic revolution	The dramatic change of the mastery of agriculture. Thus helped the neolithic people to do more things/activities; other than work;that involved art.	1
2673055034	Specialization of labor	When the people chose to work in a specific job. Thus allowed people to grow in number and allowing others to master in other hobbies such as pottery.	2
2673058334	Social distinctions	The institutionalization of privately owned landed property enhanced the significancelation of a cumulative wealth. Because of this, it led to inheritance within the families and economic power.	3
2673063851	Urbanization	The growth of cities. Urbanization was one of the effects of the neolithic revolution because agriculture allowed people to stay in one place and build cities.	4
2673072016	River Valley civilizations	Villages that are located between the tigirs and euphrates river. Because of their lovation they could produces so much that resulted in urbanization.	5
2673073519	Writing systems	In the MesopotamiaN days, the summerians invented a way to record events with images representing specific words. This developed the scribe and helped with the education system.	6
2673077890	Metalgury	The work and manufunction of iron and bronze in use of tools or supplies. This inhanced the old tools that were mainly used in conquering or war.	7
2673081785	Social classes	Classes that defined the power of an individual depening on how much he makes. This caused for classes to against each other and for this to rise conflict within religions.	8
2673084367	Polytheism	The religion with more than deity. This raised conflict against the monotheistic beliefs and it took a lot of work please more than one deity.	9
2673087782	Patriarchy	Total authority of the man in his household and public life and the life of his wife. This gave a little control, until the women came into the meso. Society and received some roles. Yet this tightend their power over women.	10
2673090547	Sumerian city states	Cities that governed themselves and became independent. These cities experienced internal and external presures that promoted then to establish states.	11
2673092638	Hammurabi (and code)	One the most prominent conquerors. He sought to maintaining his empire by providing it a code: one of the most complete. It led cultural unity in the BabylonEan empire.	12
2673097850	Happan society	Society that developed I the valley of the river indus. They brought the writing system and they flourished because of their location.	13
2673111620	Aryan migration	When the aryanso settled (when they migrated) in the punjabi and upper indus river valley. Became the people of india.	14
2673114702	Vedas (and the vedic age)	The vedas reflect a boisterous society in which the art and clashed repeatedly with the dravidrans and other peoples already living in india.	15
2673120751	Four varnas	Special classes (major) to determine between the Aryan and darividians. -brahmins: priests -kshatriyas: warriors, aristocrats -vaishas: cultivators, artisans and merchants -shudras: peasants and serfs	16
2673126703	Brahmins	Priest of the caste system.	17
2673126984	Sati	A practice of which a widow voluntarily threw herself on the funeral prye of her dead husband to join him in his death.	18
2673128944	Upanishads	It refers to the practice of disciples, gathering before a safe for discussion of religious issues.	19
2673131961	Samsara	Hindú term for the concept of transmutation that is the soul passing into a new incarnation.	20
2673133699	Chandragupta mauyra	An amitious adventure, whom exported that opportunity and laid the foundation for the mauryan empire.	21
2673138579	Mauryan dynasty (political organization)	The mauryan dynasty WA governed thru the advice of kgutalya the adviser. He enabled then to implement polices throughout the state because of the bureaucratic administrative system he built.	22
2673143358	Ashoka	Chandraguptas grandson, whom reined when he retired. He was known as more of a governer than as a conqueror. He ruled through a tightly organizes bureacracy.	23
2673147644	Gupta dynasty (political organization)	The Guptas left local government administration and even the making of the basic policy in the hands of their allies in various regions of their empire. It brought stability and prospertity to the subcontinent.	24
2673150602	Long distance trade	Trade that happened between controls far from each other. This allowed for exchanges of goods, spread of diseases and sharing of ideas.	25
2673153718	Ramayana	Ancient Indian masterpiece about the hero rama that symbolized the victory of dharma (order) over adharma (chaos).	26
2673156203	Vardhama mahavira (janism)	Individualsthat undergo purification by observing the principal of "ahisma " or non violence to their living things or their souls.	27
2673159600	Ahisma	Nonviolence to other living things or their souls.	28
2673160892	Siddhartha guatama	The founder of Buddhism; he came from kshatryia family; but he gave up his position and inheritance in order to seek salvation.	29
2673163137	Buddhist dharma	The teachings of the four noble truths and the noble eightfold path is the basic doctrine shared by Buddhists of all sects.	30
2673165956	Mahayana Buddhist doctrine	The greater vehicle in bud his mother also known as thervada Buddhism.	31
2673166812	Nirvana	An escape from tthe cycle of incarnation and the attainment of a state of perfect spiritual indep.	32
2673167897	Popular hinduism	A religión of salvation; it drew old traditions at brahmins.	33
2673169668	Bhagavad gita	It's a poem that shoes the expectation of Hinduism.	34
2673171511	Ren, li, xiao	Individuals that were courteous, respectful, diligent and loyal. -ren: deperately needing government officials -li: a sense of prosperity	35
2673180747	Daosim	The daoists were the most prominent critics of daoism activism.	36
2673184684	Han feizi and legalism	A legalista theorists, a student of the confucian scholar xunzi.	37
2673185920	Luis bang	A comadre who brought a centralized rule after the war of the Qin dynasty	38
2673188374	Han imperial expansion	When han wudi decided to go on the offensive against the xiongnu . He invaded central Asia with vast armies.	39
2673192305	Wang mang	A powerful and respected han minister who undertook a through going program of reform.	40
2673194439	Confucius education	confucian values in their government system for better ruling thus bringing it in education systems.	41
2673199745	Xiongnu	Nomadic people from the steppes of central Asia who spoke Turkish languages.	42
2673200663	Sikl	It became the most popular item in trade especially with Europe.	43
2673202398	Yellow turban rebellion	Because of the problem of land distribution that Han emperors didn't a dress, these peasants rises a day rebelled with organization.	44
2673204638	Roman republic	The city of Rome was originally a small site state ruled by a single king, then later out the years they ended the monarchy and instituted a republic.	45
2673205968	Gracchi brothers	The chief proponents of social reform in the toman republic were the bros. Tiber is and gaius chracchus. They worked to limit the amount of conquered land.	46
2673210681	Civil war	Rome fell into civil war. Marius marchendon Rome place the city under military ocupationand hunted down its political chemies.	47
2673214806	Julius Caesar	Ne phew of marius, he favored liberal politics and social reform. He playes an active role in Roman politics.	48
2673217725	Agustus	Ceasars nephew, his government was a monarchy desguised as a republic.	49
2673219870	Pax romana	"Roman peace" a term that relates to the period of the political stability, cultural, brilliance, and economic prosperity beginning with unification under Augustus and lasting thru the first two centuries ce	50
2673229446	Roman law	Romans began a tradition of written law about 450 bce when they promulgated the 12 tables as a basic law code for citizens of the early republic.	51
2673233250	City of Rome	Cities benifited handsomely from the med. Integration and played a prominent role in promoting economic and social change. Along with taxes, tributes, booty, and other wealth generated by military expansion, much of the profit from med. trade flowed to Rome, where it fueled remarkable urban development.	52
2673246170	vikings	Viking invasions represented one dimension at a larger process of Norse expansion.	53
2673247536	Constantinople	It's the capital of the byzantine empire, it's where most of the trading happens.	54
2673249635	Byzantium iconaclasm	The movement of the worshipin icons withing the Christian faith.	55
2673251359	Byzantium schism	When the 2 Christian groups (catholics and protestant) decides to split and go on with their beliefs.	56
2673253077	Feudalism	To refer to the political and social order and medieval Europe. They spoke of a "feudal system" based on a hierarchy of Lords and rascals who collectively took charge of political military affairs.	57
2673257188	Trade in western Europe	The revival of urban society was most pronounced in Italy, which was geographically well situated to participate in the trade networksecurity of med, basin.	58
2673259553	Franks, clans, and charlamange	-even thru their empire survived for only a shot time, the Franks profoundly in fuentes the political, social, and cultural development of w, Europe -under the clovis the franks became the preeminent military and political power in w, europe.	59
2673265028	Sed and manors	Military, political, and legal affairs were the business of a small gov, elite composed of Lords and their retainers. But the establishment of a decentralized political order in early medieval Europe had important implications for the lives of all classes of people.	60
2673271809	Gregory I	The individual most important for providing the Roman church with its sense of direction. He faced many difficulties.	61
2673273269	Crusades	Refers to a holy war. When a pope declares a crusade, warriors would take up the cross as a symbol of their faith strip of cloth in the form a cross on the backs of garments and venture fourth to fight on behalf of Christianity	62
2673278437	Sacrements in the Roman catholicism	Popular piety generally entailed baser Vance of the scraments and devotion to the saints recognized by the Roman Catholic church.	63
2673282611	St. Benidict	Strengthened the early monastic movement by providing it with descipling and a sense of purpose.	64
2673287603	Jesús of Nazareth	A charasmsmatic Jewish teacher whom they recognizes as their savior. He is the founder of christanity.	65
2673289245	Cierro	Thinker, whom adopted stoic values; he was like a philosopher in whom had mount influences within the government.	66
2673292131	Slavery	Roman society made extensive use of slavery labor: by the second century ce slaves many have represented as much as 1/3 of the population of the Roman empire.	67
2673295862	Paul of Tarsus	The principal figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism. He helped spread Christianity outside Israel.	68
2673299004	Barrack emperors	Generals who sized power.	69
2673300464	St. Augustine	A bishop of the north African city of hippo. He was once influenced by philosophy yet driven and soon convinced thru Christianity	70
2673304118	Diocletian and constantine	-the emperor dio, attempted to deal with this problem by dividing the empire into two administrative districts. -Constantine himself was an able emperor with the reunion of the eastern and western district of the empire.	71
2673309632	Justinian and Theodora	They were the chosen rulers from God for the byzantine empire. Justinian tried to restore the codes of the Roman Empire and Theodora was more of an advisor.	72
2673311854	Reconquista	The reconquest of Spain; took a much longer time then therecapture of silicy. Following Muslim invasion and conquest I'd the early 8th century the calphate of cordoba ruled almost all of the Iberian peninsula.	73
2673315659	Byzantine empire	It's the eastern half if the Roman Empire that still survived it's a powerful empire that flourished with success economicly and politically.	74
2673316832	Mayan religion	They believed of the human being originally from maize and blood letting rituals to please the gods.	75
2673318446	Writing system	The Maya as lo expanded upon their prudecessors tradition of written inscriptions . In doing so they created the most flexible and sophisticated of all the early American systems of writing.	76
2673321300	Astronomy and calendar	Because they were so advanced they studied astronomy and soon put it into a calendar.	77
2673323025	The Mayan agriculture	They had begun to experiment with the cultivation of beans, chili peppers, avocadoes, squashes, and gourds. By 400 bce they has discovered the agricultural potential of maize which soon became food of the region.	78
2703996436	Sparta and athens	Poleis'	79
2703996937	Greek trade	Suited to the cultivation of olives and grapes	80
2703998387	Religios cults	Greek myths sought to explain the world and forces that shape it.	81
2704412666	Drama	Greek dramatic culture	82
2704413020	Patrician and plebians	Aristocrats and wealthy class	83
2704416436	Carthage and pumice wars	N. African kingdom, main rival to early toman expansion, that was defeated by Rome in the punch wars; 3 devistating conflics.	84
2704419795	Civil wars	Conflict with political enemies	85
2704421375	Roads	Networks of transportation	86
2704422445	Latifundia	Huge state-run and slave worked farms in ancient home.	87
2704423421	Commercial agriculture	Production for export	88
2704424270	Pater families	Head of the Roman family	89
2704425930	Spartacus	Thoracian gladiator one of the escaped leaders in The 3rd servil war.	90
2704428097	Ciero	Roman philosopher, politician, lawer, orator theorist, consul and conslitutionalist.	91
2704433673	Spices	Dried seed, friut, root, bark or vegetable substance used for flavoring, coloring, or preserving food.	92
2704436015	Monsoon system	Technique of figuring out how to calculate monsoon winds.	93
2704438677	Diffusion of Buddhism	Buddhism made its way along the s.r	94
2704439948	Oasis towns	Towns storing water	95
2704441252	Epidemic diseases	Widespread diseases	96
2704442392	Land distributions	Fraction of income, output, or wealth distributed among individuals.	97
2704445873	Peasant rebellions	Chronological lists of conflicts I which peasants played a significant role.	98
2704449198	Nomadic invaders (xiongnu)	Superb horsemen	99
2704450408	Mayan agriculture	Agricultural potential of maize became the staple food of the region.	100
2704451782	Writing system	Ideographic elements and symbols for all syllables.	101
2704454500	Decline of the maya	Several probs combined to destroy maya society: natural catastrophies, epidemic diseases, civil war.	102
2704473769	Byzantine empire.	Long lasting empire centered at constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman Empire.	103
2704490999	Casesaropapism	relating to the mixing of the political and religiosity authority.	104
2704492969	Justinian and theodora	Emperor (527-565 ce) "the sleepless emperor" ; ambitious wife.	105
2704494416	Justinians code	Codification of the Roman law	106
2704495659	Legacy of classical Greece in Byzantium	Philosophy and lit. Of classical greece	107
2704497616	Iconoclasm	Most divisive ecclesiastical policy icons: painting of Jesus	108
2704499267	St. Curyl	Most famous of the missionaries to the slavs	109
2704499875	The schism	Byzantine patriarchs and Roman popes disputed their respective rights and powers.	110
2704502327	Kiev	Trading center	111
2704503775	The franks	Influenced the political, social, and cultural development of w europe	112
2704504652	Clovis	Led frankish forces on a campaign that wiped out the last vestiges of the Roman authority in gaul.	113
2704506754	The carolingians	Germánica dynasty that was named after its most famous member, charlemagne	114
2704508243	Charlemange	(Charels the great) who reined fro. 768 to 814	115
2704509200	The Vikings	Saliors carefully coordinate their ships movements and timed their attacks to take advantage of the notes.	116
2704511489	Manors	Large estates of the nobles during the European middle ages, home for the majority of the peasants	117
2704515120	Serfs	Peasants who, while not slaves, we're tied to the land and who owed obligation to the Lord's o whose land they walked	118
2704520997	Rial society	Not substantial enough to supports cities with large populations	119
2704522789	Dar al islam	The "house of islam" a tern for the Islamic world	120
2704526524	Muhammad "the seal of the prophets:	Prophet of Islam (570-632)	121
2704530258	Quran, hadith, sharia	The Islamic holy book that beloved to contain the Devine revelations of Allah as presented to muhammad.	122
2704533469	Umma	Islamic term for the "comumity of the faithful"	123
2704534401	Five pillars	T he foundation of Islam: 1.profession of faith 2.Prayer 3. Fasting during ramadasi 4. Alms 5.Pilgrimage of hajj	124
2704540593	Calipgh	"Deputy" Islamic leader after the death of muhammad	125
2704547546	Sunni-Shia split	Disagreements over succession, the most important and enduring of all the alternatives to the faith observed by the majority of muslims, known as Sunni islam	126
2704552565	Umayyad caliphate	Members of this elite (upper) as governess and admin of conquered lands and they distributed the wealth that they extracted among this privileged class.	127
2704556400	abassid caliphate	Central autority came from the court.	128
2704559010	Abu al-abbas	Chief leader of the rebellion in Persia	129
2704559783	Jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non Muslims	130
2704561112	Ulma	Islamic officials, scholars who shaped public policy in accordance with Quran and the sharia	131
2704563001	Qadis	Islamic judges.	132
2704564571	Reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492 to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	133
2704565361	Crusade	Holy war	134
2704565996	Pope urban II	launched the crusades in 1095	135
2704566594	The first crusades	French and Norman noble organized a more respectable military expedition to the Holy land	136
2704568700	Consequences of the crusades	A large scale exchange of the ideas technologies and trade goods that influenced European development, social, econ, commercial, and cultural consequences.	137
2704570276	Grand canal	1 of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	138
2704571410	Tang taizong	Chinese emperor who founded the tang dynasty	139
2704572790	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Han dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equal distribution of land	140
2704574827	Bureaucracy of merit	Reflected by performance in imperial civil service examinations	141
2704577009	Fast ripening rice	New strains of fast ripening rice that enabled cultivators to harvest 2 crops per year.	142
2704579114	New agricultural techniques	Improved agr., heavy iron plows, harnessed oxen and water buffaloes and enriched the soil	143
2704581677	Urbanization	The growth of cities	144
2704582366	Cosmopolitan society	Prosperous trading cities	145
2704584013	Hostility to Buddhism	Buddhism determined resistance from daoists and confucians	146
2704588374	Chan Buddhism	Most popular branch of Buddhism in china, with an emphasis on intuition and suddenly flashes of insight instead of textual study	147
2704591078	Neo-confucainism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of confucianism and Buddhist thought.	148
2704594267	Chinese influence in East Asia	influence the development of neighboring lands during post classical times	149
2704595449	naro japan	Japanese. Century around city of naro that was the highest part of Chinese influence	150
2704596432	HeIan japan	Japanese. A billing cultural area notable the world's first novel	151
2704596438	Tale of gengi	literary work composed by Murasaki shikibu	152
2704596986	Medieval japan	Kamakura and muromachi periods	153
2704597365	Samurai	the Japanese warrior who lived by the code of bushido	154
2704597601	Camels	beasts of burden	155
2704597602	Ghana	Kingdom in the West Africa during the 5th through the 13th centuries who's ruler you're currently converted to Islam its power and wealth was based on dominating trans Saharan trade	156
2704597869	Gold	production in high demand because of economic development and certain trade throughout the eastern hemisphere	157
2704597870	Mali	Western African kingdom found in the 13th century was Sundiata it we did speak out during the reign of mansa musa	158
2704598190	Mansa musa	fooled Molly from 1312 to 1337 during the high part of the empire	159
2704598890	Kingship groups	members of the family or clan	160
2704599162	Womens roles	enjoyed high honor as sources of life	161
2704599344	African slavery	most slaves wear captives is war within Africa most worked as agriculture laborers construction laborers minors or porters	162
2704600341	African slave trade	the expansion of the trans-saharan and trade i. O. network stimulated increased rate traffic in African slaves	163
2704600344	African religión	develop a wide range of school traditions religious beliefs and practices take many forms	164
2704601121	Christianity in Africa (aksum and ethiopa)	kings of oxen ulcer converted to Christianity in hopes of improving relations with their powerful neighbors ethopean Christ. retained basic Christ. theology and rituals increasingly reflected in trust of African devotees	165
2704601373	Islam in Africa	is on how to cook a comedy notions of proper relations between the sexes	166
2704601374	Monsoons	the winds from all directions	167
2704601799	Dhows and sunks	Indian Persian and Arabic ships 100 * said that sailed and trade route the Indian Ocean basin Chinese and South East Asian ships that sailed the Indian Ocean and carry on 1000 tons of cargo	168
2704602002	Emporia	warehouses	169
2704602581	Specialized production in the Indian Ocean basin	specialized production of the commodities for the commercial	170
2704603624	The swahili and the swahili city states	East African society the dummy needed to coast from Mogadishu to Cuba and was active in trade so focused on an island posts cities	171
2704604861	Islam in east africa	trade Broncos rule and political changes they didn't give up on their religious and cultural traditions but continue to observe them for purpose of providing culture leadership in their society	172
2704604862	Indian influence in se asia	Indian forms of political and cultural traditions	173
2704604863	Angkor	Se Asian khmer kingdom that was centered around the temole cities of angkor Thom and angkor	174
2704605137	Islam in south east asia	adopted is less and as an exclusive an absolute creed and ass face that facilitated good dealings with foreign Muslims and provide additional divine sanction for the rule	175
2704605591	Melaka	Se Asian kingdom that was predominantly islamic	176
2704606226	Effects of the new crops on the middle east	which is a more very very diet increases quantities of food available because Amy will call to readers to extend of the growing season	177
2704606227	Paper	writing material	178
2704606521	Banks	stimulated commercial economy of the Islamic world	179
2704607062	Al andalus	Islamic Spain	180
2704607344	Sufis	Islamic mystics to place more emphasis on emotion and devotion and strict inheritance to rules	181
2704607355	Hajj	pilgrimage to Mecca	182
2704604732	Persian, indian, and Greek influence on islam	Traditions; mathematics, science, and medicine.	183
2704699569	Temujin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name chinngis klan, "universal ruler"	184
2704701052	Mongol conquest of china	Campaign of conquest	185
2704701850	Mongol conquest of persia	Open trade and diplomatic relations with the khwarazm shah	186
2704702873	Mongol conquest of southern china	Eliminate resistance though out china	187
2704703235	The golden horde	Mongol tribe that controled Russia from the 13th-15th centuries.	188
2704704661	The ilhanante of persia	Mongol state that ruled persia after abolition of the abbasid empire in the 13th century	189
2704705997	The yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty (1279-1368) was founded by the mongol ruler k. Khan.	190
2704707928	Mongols and European integration	Sponsored interaction among people's of different societies and linked European lands more directly tan ever before	191
2704709932	Decline of the mongols	Encountered serious difficulties governing Persia and china.	192
2704710880	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec empire, later Mexico city.	193
2704711129	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexican and expanded greatly during the 15th century during the reigns itzcoat it motecuzoma	194
2704713148	Tribute and trade	Exact tribute frI'm subject peoples; from nearby peoples and the mexica and their allies received food, crops, and manufactured items.	195
2704714971	Ritual bloodletting	By letting their blood flow, the gods had given the earth moisture it needed to bear maize and other crops.	196
2704715928	Huitzilopochtli	Son god and patron deity of the aztecs	197
2704716610	Potatoes	a vegetable	198
2704717694	Inca empire	A powerful s American empire that would reach its peak in the 15th century during the reigns of pachacuti Inca and topa inca	199
2704720387	Quipu	In can mnenmonic aid compressed of different colored strings and Knotts that served to record events in the absence of the written text.	200
2704722961	Cuzco	Served as the administrative, religious, and ceremonial center of the empire.	201
2704723938	Inca roads	A magnificent road system	202
2704724200	Inca gods	The sun is a god and a major deity, recognized moon, star, and planet, rain, and other natural forces as divine. (Creator of the world: viracocha)	203
2704727222	Australian aborigines	Nomadic people	204
2704727771	Cultural conservatism	Muslim rulers and Muslim subjects we're confident in their superiority and behavior that they believe that they have nothing to learn from the Europeans.	205
2704737565	Wind patterns	"Wind wheels" monsoon winds, ocean currents, winds blew from the east.	206
2704738863	Prince henry	Conquered the morra can port of ceuta and sponsered a series of voyages down the w African coast.	207
2704741152	Explorers: Da Gama, Columbus, magellan, cook	Departed Lisbon with a fleet of 4 armed merchant ships bound for india;genose marines cristoforo columbo; por guess navigator. Pacific explorer.	208
2704742975	Alfonso d' alboquerque	Commander of the portuguese forces in the Indian Ocean during the early 16th century	209
2704746800	English, dutch, and french trading companies	Two powerful joint stock companies:united e Indian company and English e India company.	210
2704748094	Spices	Dried seed, friut, bark or vegetable substance used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.	211
2704749768	Conquest of the Philippines	Spanish forces approached the Philippines in 1565 under the command of Miguel Lopez de legzoi, who named the islands after the king Phillip I I of spain.	212
2704752590	Manila and the manila galleons	Bustling multicultural port city: became the hub of Spanish Comercial activity in asia.	213
2704753950	Conquest of java	The architect of Dutch policy was jon p. Coen when in 1819 founded Batavia on the island of java to serve as an entrepot for the voc.	214
2704756857	Columbian exchange	The global diffusion of plants, food, crops, animals, human population and disease pathogens that took place after voyages of exploration by c.c. and other European explorers.	215
2704759001	American food crops	Potatoes, beans, corn, peppers,......	216
2704760392	Environmental effects of global trade	Pressures on several animal species, especially fur bearing animals.	217
2704761948	The reformation	Change	218
2704762806	Martin Luther	Prolific and talented writer and he published scores of work condemning the Roman Catholic church	219
2705024205	Council of trent	As assembly of bishops, cardinals and other high church officials who meet to adresss matters of doctrine and reform.	220
2705026994	Twenty years war	Religious war was culminated in a massive contenental conflict.	221
2705028975	Constitutional states and monarchs	In en gland a constitutional monarchy emerged, while the Netherlands produced, they are public based on representative gov, found pundits other ways to increase state power	222
2705033083	Charles V	Inherited authority over the hasburgs Austria demands as well as the dutch of burgundy and the kingdom of spajn.	223
2705108365	The English civil war	Constitutional government came to England after political and religious disputes led to the civil war.	224
2705126667	Glorious revolution	Blood less change of power, king, and parialment dispute.	225
2705128216	The sun king	Ruler who best epitomized royal absolutism was king Louis XIV	226
2705143072	Romanov dynasty (peter, Catherine II)	Inaugurated a through going process of state transformation, sought to make Russian a great power, Peters successor.	227
2705145191	Peace of Westphalia	laid the foundations for a system of independent, competing states.	228
2705149064	Effects of American food crops	Feed for livestock, source of carbohydrates for peasants and laborers who were having trouble with rising price of bread, added vitamins and tangy flavor to European diets.	229
2705159104	Capitalism	An economic system with origins in early modern Europe in which private parties make their goods and services available on a free market.	230
2705167873	Joint stock companies	Really forerunner of the modern corporation individuals who invested in trading or exploring venture could make huge profits while limiting their risk.	231
2705180916	Serfdom in Russia	Labor system required semi free peasants to provide labor systems for landowners and prevent them from marrying or moving away without their landowners permission.	232
2705183489	Scientific revolution	Theories on increasingly precise observational dará and relied on mathematical reasoning to organize data.	233
2705186287	Copernicus	Polish astronomer; Italian mathematician; English mathmatician.	234
2705186965	Galileo	Italian mathematician	235
2705188298	Newton	English mathematician	236
2705197411	Encomiendas	a system that gave the Spanish ethers (encomderos) the right to compel the indigenous people's of the Americas to work in the mines or fields.	237
2705197934	Conquistadores	Spanish adventures who conquered central and south America in the 16th century	238
2705201765	Spanish social hierarchy; mestizos	Social structure; individuals not born in the Americas of Iberian parents	239
2705203964	Silver	Metal; produced profits for private investors and revenues for the crown.	240
2705205046	Haciendos	Large latín estates	241
2705210432	Sugar	Product Brazil depended on	242
2705213125	Engenho	Brazilian sugar mill; the term also came from to symbolize the entire complex world relating to the production of sugar.	243
2705213126	Fur trade	Trade in furs	244
2705215156	Cash crops	Crops they could market to people	245
2705218364	Indentured labor	Labor source for plantations;wealthy planters would pay the European poor to sell a protuon of their working lives, usually 7 years, in exchange for passage.	246
2705228683	Songhay empire	Dominant power of western grasslands	247
2705230999	Kingdom of kongo	Best known of principal states;emerged in the 14th century.	248
2705231227	Effect of American food crops	Population growth	249
2705235557	Slavery in africa	Appeared in remote anxiety; and until the 19th century many settled agricultural people's made some place for slaves in their societies.	250
2705242057	Islamic slave trade	Muslim merchants from north sfrica Arabic and Persia sought African slaves for sale and distribution to destinations in the Mediterranean basin sw Asia India and se Asia and china.	251
2705245506		Trade between Europe Africa and the Americas that featured finished products from Europe slaves from Africa and American products bound for europe.	252
2705247160	Mide passage	Trans Atlantic journey abroad filthy and crowded slave ships.	253
2705250836	Effects of slave trade on africa	Derived African societies of about 16 mil. consumed by t he continuing Islamic slve trade during the early modern era.	254
2705259847	African dispora	The dispersal of African people's and their descendants.	255
2705261213	Slavery in the caribean and north America	Suplir of cheap labor and some indentured servants eventually gained their freedom.	256
2705264430	Regional differences	Slave populations usually were unable to sustain their numbers by natural means.	257
2705267110	Abolition of slavery	Abolition of the institution of slavery itself was a long and drawn out proccess.	258

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Government - Chapter 7 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7446323055	high-tech politics	a politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology	0
7446323056	mass media	television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other means of popular communication	1
7446323057	media events	events purposely staged for the media that nonetheless look spontaneous. In keeping with politics as theater, media events can be staged by individuals, groups, and government officials, especially presidents. effective communication through media is key to political success	2
7446323058	press conference	meetings of public officials with reporters	3
7446323059	investigative journalism	the use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, at times putting reporters in adversarial relationships with political leaders	4
7446323060	print media	newspapers and magazines	5
7446323061	broadcast media	television and radio	6
7446323062	narrowcasting	media programming on cable TV or the internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience. (Ex: MTV, ESPN, C-SPAN)	7
7446323063	chains	newspapers published by massive media conglomerates that account for over four-fifths of the nation's daily newspaper circulation. (often control broadcast media)	8
7446323064	beats	specific locations from which news frequently emanates, such as Congress or the White House. Most reporters work at a particular beat, thereby becoming specialists on what goes on at that location	9
7446323065	trial balloons	an intentional news leak for the purpose of assessing political reaction	10
7446323066	sound bites	short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. (typically they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news)	11
7446323067	talking head	a shot of a person's face talking directly to the camera (the media rarely shows a politician talking one on one with someone, it's not appealing to the audience)	12
7446323068	policy agenda	the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actively involved in politics at the time	13
7446323069	policy entrepreneurs	people who invest their political "capital" in an issue	14
7446323070	Richard Nixon	those who listened to the 1960 presidential debate thought _____ had won	15
7446323071	Lyndon Johnson	president who used the media to convince the American people that they were winning the Vietnam War	16
7446323072	John Kennedy	those who watched the 1960 presidential debate thought _______ had won	17
7446323073	Nixon	In order to save his reputation in 1950, _____ used a heartwarming tale about Checkers the dog	18
7446323074	declined	After events like Watergate and the Vietnam War debacle, the people's trust in the government has ________ considerably.	19
7446323075	key linkage institution	The media can be seen as a ___ _______ ___________ between the people and the government.	20

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

AP World History Terms (Economic) Flashcards

AP World History Set 3 Flashcards

wkhjr918 AP World History Chapter 27 Flashcards

Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 19 - Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status Flashcards

Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 17 - Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

AP world history Flashcards

Flashcards

Flashcards

AP Government - Chapter 7 Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org