| 371644774 | John F. Kennedy | President of the US during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis | | 0 |
| 371644775 | Robert F. Kennedy | JFK's brother and Atty. Gen during that administration and a senator from NY; Ran against LBJ. won California primary and was then assassinated in 1968. | | 1 |
| 371644776 | J. Edgar Hoover | FBI directer who urged HUAC to hold public hearings on communist subversion to find communist sympathisers and fellow travelers to isolate them and their influence. FBI sends agents to infiltrate groups suspected of subversion and wiretoppa telephnones | | 2 |
| 371644777 | Robert S. McNamara | US Secretary of Defense under Kennedy and Johnson | | 3 |
| 371644778 | "New Frontier" | The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. | | 4 |
| 371644779 | Peace Corps | an agency established in 1961(JFK and Sargent Shriver) to provide volunteer assistance to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America | | 5 |
| 371644780 | "Man on the moon" | On July 20, 1969, thousands of newspapers in the United States and around the world reported that three American astronauts—Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins—had made it to the moon. Beating the USSR on the technological feat. | | 6 |
| 371644781 | Nikita Khrushchev | ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation | | 7 |
| 371644782 | Vienna Conference | The first international conference on ozone layer depletion. It was held in Vienna, Austria in 1985 when a hole in the stratospheric ozone layer was obsereved in the South Pole marked by increased UV-B infilteration over Antarctica. | | 8 |
| 371644783 | Berlin wall (1961) | Khrushchev renewed his pressure on theWestern powers in Berlin. Then, on August 13, the Soviets and East Germans closed the border between East and West Berlin and began the construction of the Berlin Wall, which prevented the flight of East Germans to the West. While the Western pwoers protested the building of the wall , they took no other action, and the Berlin crisis gradually eased. | | 9 |
| 371644784 | Trade Expansion Act (1962) | October, 1962 - The Act gave the President the power to reduce tariffs in order to promote trade. Kennedy could lower some tariffs by as much as 50%, and, in some cases, he could eliminate them. | | 10 |
| 371644785 | "Atlantic Community" | foreign policy between America and West Germany with America as the dominant partner. Ensured prosperity to West Germany | | 11 |
| 371644786 | Charles de Gaulle | French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970) | | 12 |
| 371644787 | "Massive retaliation" | The "new look" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten "massive retaliation" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. | | 13 |
| 371644788 | "Flexible response" | the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons | | 14 |
| 371644789 | Green Berets | the military branch created by President John Kennedy to be able to wage counter-insurgency campaigns better | | 15 |
| 371644790 | Diem coup | The Kennedy Administration was indifferent to a this event that caused the leader of South Vietnam to be deposed and subsequently executed. | | 16 |
| 371644791 | Alliance for Progress (1961) | a series of cooperative aid projects with Latin American governments (Kennedy's plan to improve relations between the US and Latin America); called for a 10-year $20 billion donation to establish good schools, housing, health care, and land distribution; Good effect on Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, and the Central American republics (prevented Communism); Other countries just used the $ to keep the rulers in power | | 17 |
| 371644792 | Bay of Pigs (1961) | A small army of ant-Castro Cuban exiles were trained and financed by the U.S. in the hope their invasion (failed) would lead to a popular uprising to overthrow the Communist government. The invasion force landed at the Bay of Pigs in Southern Cuba, but received no popular support and were quickly wiped out by Castro's forces. | | 18 |
| 371644793 | Cuban missile crisis (October 1962) | US and Soviet Union confrontation over the installation of Soviet nuclear rockets in Cuba, perhaps the closest the world has yet come to nuclear war. | | 19 |
| 371644794 | Peaceful coexistence -- detente | Term used by Khrushchev in 1963 to describe a situation in which the United States and Soviet Union would continue to compete economically and politically without launching a thermonuclear war. | | 20 |
| 371644795 | Freedom Riders (1961) | Organized mixed-race groups who rode interstate buses deep into the South to draw attention to and protest racial segregation, beginning in 1961. This effort by northern young people to challenge racism proved a political and public relations success for the Civil Rights Movement. (979) | | 21 |
| 371644796 | James Meredith (1962) | First African-American student at the University of Mississippi., a federal court ordered the state of Mississippi to admit James Meredith--a nine-year veteran of the air force--to the University of Mississippi in Oxford. Ross Barnett, the state's governor flew into Oxford, named himself special registrar of the university, and ordered the arrest of federal officials who tried to enforce the court order. Four times James Meredith tried unsuccessfully to register at Ole Miss. He finally succeeded on the fifth try, escorted by several hundred federal marshals. The ensuing riot left 2 people dead and 375 injured, including 166 marshals. Ultimately, President Kennedy sent 16,000 troops to put down the violence. | | 22 |
| 371644797 | Birmingham protests | The attempts to desegregate the "citadel of segregation"; police chief Eugene "Bull' Connor used police dogs & fire hoses on non-violent protesters; King's "letter from a Birmingham Jail"; RESULT: desegregation partially achieved; use of these brutal tactics (shown on national television) created sympathy for civil rights movement ---> JFK's civil rights speech | | 23 |
| 371644798 | March on Washington (August 1963) | 200,000 interracial demonstrators converged on the Lincoln Memorial to hear Dr. King's speech and to celebrate Kennedy's support for the civil rights movement. | | 24 |
| 371644799 | Medgar Evers | Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Blacks, he was murdered in his driveway by a member of the Ku Klux Klan. | | 25 |
| 371644800 | Lee Harvey Oswald (November 22, 1963) | Who assassinated Pres. Kennedy? When and where did this assassination take place? | | 26 |
| 371644801 | Jack Ruby | owned a night club; shoots Oswald on Nov. 24, 1963; dies of natural causes in jail, from Chicago | | 27 |
| 371644802 | Earl Warren | Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes. | | 28 |
| 371644803 | Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969, Democrat , signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid. -- Saw escalation in Vietnam... | | 29 |
| 371644804 | Civil Rights Act (1964) | This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. | | 30 |
| 371644805 | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) | Federal agency responsible for enforcing antidiscrimination laws and handling alleged complaints. | | 31 |
| 371644806 | Title VII | part of 1964 Civil Rights Act - prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; also prohibits discrimination against an individual because of his or her association with another individual of a particular race, color, religion, sex, or national origin | | 32 |
| 371644807 | "Affirmative action" | a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities | | 33 |
| 371644808 | "War on Poverty" | President Lyndon B. Johnson's program in the 1960's to provide greater social services for the poor and elderly | | 34 |
| 371644809 | "Great Society" | President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. | | 35 |
| 371644810 | Michael Harrington (1962) | "The poor still inhabit the miserable housing in the central area, but they are increasingly isolated from contact with, or sight of, anybody else...the failures, the unskilled, the disabled, the aged, and the minorities are right there, across the tracks, where they have always been. But hardly anyone else is...In short, the very development of the American city has removed poverty from the living, emotional experience of millions upon millions of middle-class Americans. Living out in the suburbs, it is easy to assume that ours is, indeed, an Affluent Society." | | 36 |
| 371644811 | Barry Goldwater (1964) | Goldwater explains that he is not discriminatory or racist however, he opposes title 2 and 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 because they pertain to the area of employment and public accommodations • To him he does not believe that the US government has the right to restrict who is allowed to use public accommodations such as restaurants or hotels, and title VII says that no one is allowed to discriminate against people in employment | | 37 |
| 371644812 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) | an authorization by Congress empowering President Johnson "to take all necessary measures" to protect U.S. forces in Vietnam; it was issued following reported attacks on U.S. destroyers off the Vietnam coast. Congress later regretted this action as the Vietnam War escalated, and questions emerged about the legitimacy of the attacks. | | 38 |
| 371644813 | Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) | LBJ, coordinated a network of federal programs to increase employment opportunities. The OEO reflected a fragile consensus among policymakers that the best way to deal with poverty was not simply to raise the incomes of the poor but to help them better themselves through education, job training, and community development. | | 39 |
| 371644814 | DOT and HUD (1965) | the United States federal department that institutes and coordinates national transportation programs///Housing and Urban Development | | 40 |
| 371644815 | Robert C. Weaver | This man, head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, was the first black cabinet member, and was such under LBJ | | 41 |
| 371644816 | National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities | (1965) supported artists, writers, and scholars | | 42 |
| 371644817 | Medicare | health care for the aged | | 43 |
| 371644818 | Medicaid | health care for the needy | | 44 |
| 371644819 | "Entitlement" programs | Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need. | | 45 |
| 371644820 | Immigration and Nationality Act (1965) | abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission each year of 170,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere | | 46 |
| 371644821 | Project Head Start | a U.S. federal program that provides poverty-stricken children with a year or two of preschool along with nutritional and health services and that encourages parent involvement in program planning and children's learning. | | 47 |
| 371644822 | Voting Rights Act (1965) | 1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it rboguth jobs, contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap | | 48 |
| 371644823 | Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964) | outlawed poll taxes, which had been used to prevent the poor from voting | | 49 |
| 371644824 | Mississippi "freedom summer" (1964) | This took place in the summer of 1964 when thousands of black and white students went into the South to register voters. Three of these people, Chaney, Schwerner, and Goodman, disappeared and their dead bodies were not found for over a month. | | 50 |
| 371644825 | Selma march (1965) | - To protest unfair voting laws that targeted blacks+ kept them from voting
- Selma to Montgomery, Alabama
- 3 marches
- Led to the voting rights act 1965 | | 51 |
| 371644826 | Watts (1965) | Southern CA - Markette Fried pulled over and arrested, altercation began; riots began, 30 deaths, 60,000 people affected by it (lack of organization, laws), 30,000 people arrested; spread to Detroit, Newark | | 52 |
| 371644827 | Malcolm X | 1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on seperationist and nationalist impulsesto achieve true independence and equality | | 53 |
| 371644828 | Elijah Muhammed | Created the Nation of Islam in America with members who were criminals. Believed in total separation of races. Started murdering and eating their own children and murdered Malcom X, when he said that white folks were not as bad as he had thought. | | 54 |
| 371644829 | Black Panther Party | A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent. | | 55 |
| 371644830 | Stokeley Carmichael | He was a black activist as member of CORE. As the movement progressed, he started to become more militant creating the cry of black power. Became leader of SNCC. | | 56 |
| 371644831 | "Black Power" | A slogan used to reflect solidarity and racial consciousness, used by Malcolm X. It meant that equality could not be given, but had to be seized by a powerful, organized Black community. | | 57 |
| 371644832 | King assassination | April 4, 1968 While supporting sanitation workers strike which had been marred by violence in Memphis, King was shot by James Earl Ray, Riots result in 125 cities | | 58 |
| 371644833 | Dominican intervention | Johnson sent troops to block pro-communist government under Bosch, First use of the Roosevelt Corollary. Took over control of tariff collection in Dominican Republic, and unhappy DR officials struggle to get out of grasp. | | 59 |
| 371644834 | "Operation Rolling Thunder" (1965) | Series of bombing campaign that start in March 1965. Largely trying to cut off the Ho Chi Ming Trail, but it is very very difficult.
Tens of thousands of American troops are being sent to Vietnam. At the peak, there are 536,000 troops in Vietnam. | | 60 |
| 371644835 | Vietnam "escalation" | Begins 1965 - under Johnson. U.S. Troops in Vietnam: 1966 - 185,000, 1968 - 536,000. Controversy on Homefront: Draftees and exemptions, Johnson declines to run, 1968. | | 61 |
| 371644836 | "Domino" theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control | | 62 |
| 371644837 | Six-Day War (1967) | Israel responded to a blockade of the port of Elath on the Gulf of Aqaba by Egypt in June, 1967, by launching attacks on Egypt, and its allies, Jordan and Syria. Won certain territories for defense. | | 63 |
| 371644838 | "Teach-ins" | Special session of lecture and discussion on a controversial topic that often occurred during the Vietnam War era | | 64 |
| 371644839 | Sen. William Fulbright | Southern Democrat and a staunch multilateralism
He is remembered for his segregationist, opposition to US involvement in the war in Vietnam -- Fulbright Grants | | 65 |
| 371644840 | "Credibility gap" | The gap between the Johnson Administration and the American public support | | 66 |
| 371644841 | "Doves" and "hawks" | people who opposed the war and people who supported the war's goals. hawks criticized the way the war was being fought. | | 67 |
| 371644842 | Tet offensive (1968) | series of Communist attacks on 44 South Vietnamese cities; although the Viet Cong suffered a major defeat, the attacks ended the American view that the war was winnable and destroyed the nation's will to escalate the war further. | | 68 |
| 371644843 | Eugene McCarthy | 1968 Democratic candidate for President who ran to succeed incumbent Lyndon Baines Johnson on an anti-war platform. | | 69 |
| 371644844 | Johnson's "abdication" | Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President.
President Lyndon B. Johnson - March 31, 1968 | | 70 |
| 371644845 | Hubert H. Humphrey | The democratic nominee for the presidency in the election of 1968. He was LBJ's vice president, and was supportive of his Vietnam policies. This support split the Democratic party, allowing Nixon to win the election for the Republicans. | | 71 |
| 371644846 | RFK assassination | Two months after MLK's assassination in 1968, Robert Kennedy was assassinated in the kitchen of the Ambassador Hotel in LA. The killer, Sirahn Sirahn is still in jail for the crime. This prompted the Secret Service to protect not only the incumbent president, but also presidential candidates. | | 72 |
| 371644847 | Chicago Democratic convention (1968) | Where 10,000 antiwar protestors gathered outside as Hubert Humphrey was decided upon as the Democratic candidate in 1968 | | 73 |
| 371644848 | Richard M. Nixon | elected President in 1968 and 1972 representing the Republican party. He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of 540,000 troops from South Vietnam for an extended period. He was responsible for the Nixon Doctrine also. He was involved in Détente, which was a way to create peaceful relations between the United States and the communist countries of Moscow and Beijing. One of the most distinct factors relating to Nixon was that he was the first President to ever resign due to the Watergate scandal. He resigned on August 8, 1974.He was the Repubican President of the United States during the Vietnam War (1969-1974). He made many improvements for the environment, and he took the United States off the gold standard. As a result of the Watergate Scandal, Nixon was forced to resign. Many other problems hurt his term such as the energy crisis, but mainly Watergate. He removed US troops from Vietnam in 1973 with his Vietnamization policy. | | 74 |
| 371644849 | Spiro T. Agnew | Agnew was Nixon's vice-president but ultimately resigned due to financial charges. He helped Nixon gain votes from his moderate, immigrant, and Democratic state background. | | 75 |
| 371644850 | George C. Wallace | Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967, 1971-1979 and 1983-1987). He ran for U.S. President four times, running officially as a Democrat three times and in the American Independent Party once. He is best known for his Southern populist[1] pro-segregation attitudes during the American desegregation period, convictions he abandoned later in life. | | 76 |
| 371644851 | "Beat" poets | describes a group of authors who became famous in the 1950's. Composed of new experimentation with drugs and different types of sexuality. Followers were anti-war activists and peace promoters, similar to the hippie era | | 77 |
| 371644852 | James Dean | United States film actor whose moody rebellious roles made him a cult figure (1931-1955) | | 78 |
| 371644853 | Free speech movement | led by Mario Savio it protested on behalf of students rights. It spread to colleges throughought the country discussing unpopular faculty tenure decisions, dress codes, dormitory regulations, and appearances by Johnson administration officials. | | 79 |
| 371644854 | Mario Savio | Free speech activist in Berkeley and other places during 1960's. Berkeley Free Speech Movement activist and raised awareness for free speech, the just simply the right to protest simply everything in society | | 80 |
| 371644855 | "Counterculture" | a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture | | 81 |
| 371644856 | "Sexual revolution" | participants int he counterculture demanded more lifestyle freedom; their new views of sexual conduct, which rejected many traditional behavioral restrictions, were lableled this | | 82 |
| 371644857 | Birth-control pill (1960) | Development of the pill = "sexual revolution" of 1960s. Women could not enter job market wihtout having to worry about needing to stay home for pregnancy | | 83 |
| 371644858 | Dr. Alfred Kinsey | doctor who wrote popular books (Sexual Behavior in the Human Male/Female)- stood up against customary views of sex (leads to sexual revolution)- critics claimed it was over-the-top statistics and critics shows the lingering traditional views regarding sexual habits and behaviors | | 84 |
| 371644859 | Stonewall incident | June 27th, 1969: police raided a gay bar, the gays retalliated by taunting and jeering and throwing stones and parking meters. led to the gays "coming out of the closet" and being public about their sexuality. | | 85 |
| 371644860 | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s. | | 86 |
| 371644861 | "Weathermen" | group that branched off of the SDS; advocated terrorism in the US to stop another Vietnam from happening; name came from Bob Dylan lyrics "don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows"; dwindle away after 4 of them die in an explosion in Greenwich Village | | 87 |
| 371644862 | "Flower children" | Hippies who were unified by their rejection of traditional values and assumptions of Western society. | | 88 |
