Chapter 12: Antebellum Culture and Reform Flashcards
American History Alan Brinkley AP Edition
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| 1915884000 | Amistad (341) | The legal battle over the Spanish slave vessel aided by the abolitionists and the Garrisonians | 0 | |
| 1915884001 | Charles Grandison Finney (328) | Evangelistic Presbyterian minister who became the most influential revival leader of the 1820s and 1830s, especially in Upstate New York where he launched a series of passionate revivals along the Erie Canal (Burned-Over District) Preached: -Against Calvinist Doctrines of predestination and individual human helplessness ➝ each human contained the capacity to experience spiritual rebirth -Revival of faith could be because of human efforts | 1 | |
| 1915884002 | Edgar Allan Poe (323) | produced stories and poems that were primarily sad and macabre, like Tamerlane and Other Poems, and The Raven. Evoked images of individuals rising above the confines of intellect and exploring the deeper world of spirit and emotions. | 2 | |
| 1915884003 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton (336) | Became convinced that she should elevate the status of women after she was rejected passage into an antislavery convention in London w/ Lucrietta Mott. | 3 | |
| 1915884004 | Frederick Douglass (339) | -The greatest African American abolitionist -Born a slave in Massachusetts then ran away -Spent two years in England orating about abolition -Purchased freedom from Maryland owner -Founded the North Star antislavery newspaper -Demanded freedom and full social and economic equality -Helped form alliances with white anti-slavery leaders such as Garrison | 4 | |
| 1915884005 | Harriet Beecher Stowe (342) | -Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the most powerful document of abolitionist propaganda -Formed out of a popular tradition of sentimental novels written by and for women | 5 | |
| 1915884006 | Henry David Thoreau (324) | -Leading concord transcendentalist -Repudiating forces of society with people who were living "quiet lives of desperation" -People should work for self-revitilization -Wrote famous book Walden alone in the Concord Woods -Went to jail for not paying his poll tax ➝ he resisted the government b/c they supported slavery | 6 | |
| 1915884007 | Herman Melville (323) | Author of Moby Dick, which was part of an unleashing of human emotions through literature. | 7 | |
| 1915884008 | Horace Mann (332) | -The greatest of the educational reformers -First secretary of the Board of Education -Believed the only way to protect democracy was to create an educated electorate -Reorganized the Massachusetts school system, lengthened the Academic year, doubled teacher's salaries, enriched the curriculum, and introduced new methods of professional training for teachers | 8 | |
| 1915884009 | Hudson River School (322) | -The first great school of American painters -Emerged in New York -Included Frederick Church, Thomas Cole, Thomas Daughty, and Asher Durand -Announced that in America, like England, "wild nature" existed. | 9 | |
| 1915884010 | James Fenimore Cooper (322) | -First great American novelist -Master of adventure and suspense -Wrote more than 30 novels -Fascination with man's relationship with nature and with challenges with moving westward -Wrote The Last of the Mohicans and The Deerslayer | 10 | |
| 1915884011 | Joseph Smith (327) | -Young, energetic, economically unsuccessful man who started Mormonism in upstate New York -1830 Published the Book of Mormon, named for an ancient prophet who had written it -Found it on golden tablets on the hills of New York | 11 | |
| 1915884012 | Lucretia Mott (336) | Became convinced that she should elevate the status of women after she was rejected passage into an antislavery convention in London w/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton | 12 | |
| 1915884013 | Margaret Fuller (325) | -A woman most responsible for raising issues of gender -Leading transcendentalist and close associate of Emerson -Suggested important relationship between the discovery of the self that was so central to antebellum and reform -Lived a different from traditional gender roles ➝ had many intimate relations with men, became a great champion of the Italian Revolution, established herself as an international leader | 13 | |
| 1915884014 | Nathaniel Hawthorne (325) | -Author of original record of Brook Farm -Put transcendentalism in a series of notable novels, like the Blithedale Romance | 14 | |
| 1915884015 | Ralph Waldo Emerson (324) | -The leader and most eloquent voice of transcendentalism -Used to be a Unitarian minister -Most renowned for essays and lectures -"Nature" - Individuals should work for communion with the natural world -Committed Nationalist, supporter of American cultural independence | 15 | |
| 1915884016 | Sarah and Angelina Grimke (336) | -Sisters born in South Carolina who became active and outspoken abolitionists -Said women and men are created EQUAL | 16 | |
| 1915884017 | Seneca Falls (336) | 1848 Organized a convention -Discussed the question of women's rights -"Declaration of Sentiments" emerged -Women demanded for the right to vote -Rejection of domestic spheres -Many of the women were Quakers ➝ Embraced sexual equality ➝ Leaders of antislavery movement | 17 | |
| 1915884018 | Shakers (326) | -Group that redefined traditional sexuality and gender roles central to their society -Founded by "Mother" Ann Lee in the 1770s -Attracted a particularly large following -Derived their name from an ecstatic dance -Most distinctive feature was commitment to celibacy ➝ Had to choose faith voluntarily b/c no one could be born into Shakerism -Women exercised the most power | 18 | |
| 1915884019 | Susan B. Anthony (336) | -Began drawing parallels between the plight of slavery and the plight of women | 19 | |
| 1915884020 | Transcendentalism (324) | A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. | 20 | |
| 1915884021 | Walt Whitman (323) | American poet and transcendentalist who was famous for his beliefs on nature, as demonstrated in his book, Leaves of Grass. He was therefore an important part for the buildup of American literature and breaking the traditional rhyme method in writing poetry. | 21 | |
| 1915884022 | William Lloyd Garrison (337) | 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. | 22 |
