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7/8/13 12:03 PM The ?original 13 colonies? is not true. Britain had 32 colonies, but the saying comes from the fact that those 13 colonies were the ones to rebel for independence against Britain Conquest by the Cradle Large populations was what the rebellious settlements shared Colonists were doubling their numbers every 25 years Average age of Americans was 16 A Mingling of the Races Many Germans fled to America because of religious persecution, economic oppression, and war Mostly in Pennsylvania The South held 90% of the African American population The variety of Europeans coming to America (Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, etc) contributed to a new mixture of blood that is the present day American

Settling the Northern Colonies North and south colonies were very different Different political views Patterns of settlement Economies Moral values Tobacco shaped the southern colonies, religious devotion shaped the northern colonies The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Martin Luther unknowingly started the Protestant Reformation when he nailed his protests against catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg?s cathedral He believed that the Bible was God?s word alone

Founding the New Nation Christopher Columbus wasn?t planning on finding America. Many of the orginal colonists were fleeing from religious persecution but continued to refer to themselves as Europeans. The 13 colonies were all very different from each other. (EX, Puritans lived in small family owned farms and were mostly democratic. Anglicans built huge plantations with slaves, and were pretentious towards the farmers) Colonists profited greatly from trade with Britain, which ended when the they were forced into the French & Indian War The Shaping of North America North America formed 10 million years ago, by breaking apart from the single landmass called Pangea Peopling the Americas

U.S. History and Tariffs Tariff of 1816 ? designed to defend U.S. business from Britain ? created by nationalist Congress ? 20 to 25% tax on imports ? Calhoun supports Tariff to help Southern manufacturing ? Daniel Webster opposes tariff due to shipping priority over manufacturing Tariff of 1824 ? 35% tax on imports Tariff of 1828 ? The ?abominable? tariff angered South Carolinians ? majority southern ?nullies? tried to nullify it in South Carolina ? minority unionists blocked the ?nullies? Tariff of 1832 ? lessened some of the worst abominations of Tariff of 1828 ? reduced rate of 1828 tariff by 10% ? special state convention in South Carolina declares the tariff null in that state ? President Jackson opposes the ?nullies? and Calhoun.