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Biology

Ch. 46 Notes*

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Biology
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Biology
reproduction
Genetics
fertility
reproductive system
Developmental biology
Pollination
Ploidy
Parthenogenesis
Meiosis
sex
Fertilisation
#AP Bio #CampbellBiology

Ch 46 Sexual Zygote ? fertilized egg Gamete- sex cell Egg Sperm Asexual Most animals do sexy only, but some do asex or both Mechanisms of Asex reproduction Invertebrates Fission-separation of a parent organisms into 2 individuals of equal size Sea anemone Budding- new individuals come from outgrowth of existing ones Corals Fragmentation and regeneration Sponges, cnidarians Parthenogenesis-asex where egg develops without being fertilized Bees, wasps, ants Haploid ? no meiosis occurred, no fertilization occurred, becomes adult that makes either egg or sperm. ? mainly male in honeybee and some ant populations Diploid- develop from fertilized eggs, becomes adult- worker ant or bees

Chapter 50 notes

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Biology
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Biology
Sensory receptors
Electrophysiology
Cellular neuroscience
Cell Signaling
Neurophysiology
Sensory neuron
Neuron
Somatosensory system
Action potential
Signal transduction
Axon
health
#AP Bio #CampbellBiology

Ch 50. Sensory and Motor Mechanisms 50.1 ? sensory receptors transduce stimuli energy and transmit signals to the central nervous system by changing membrane potential. Reflex= simplest response circuit Star nosed mole that tactile ( touch) sensors on nose. Sensory Pathways have 4 functions: Sensory reception, transduction, transmission, perception Sensory reception- detection of a stimulus by sensory cells. Specialized nerurons or epithelial cells Exitst signally or in organs like eyes and ears Sensory receptor- descres a sensory cell or organ and he subcellular structure that interacts directly with simuli Detect stimuli OUTside of body like heat, light, and pressure, and chemicals. Inside body include body position, blood pressure, etc

chapter 48-50 biology slides

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Biology
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Biology
neuroscience
nervous system
Neurophysiology
Neurobiology
Cellular neuroscience
Neuron
brain
Action potential
Axon
Sensory neuron
Chemical synapse
health
#AP Bio #CampbellBiology

Chapter 48 Nervous System LE 48-2a Nerve net Hydra (cnidarian) Radial nerve Nerve ring Sea star (echinoderm) LE 48-2b Eyespot Brain Nerve cord Transverse nerve Planarian (flatworm) Brain Ventral nerve cord Segmental ganglion Leech (annelid) LE 48-2c Insect (arthropod) Chiton (mollusc) Brain Ventral nerve cord Segmental ganglia Anterior nerve ring Longitudinal nerve cords Ganglia LE 48-2d Brain Ganglia Squid (mollusc) Brain Salamander (chordate) Spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord) Sensory ganglion The Mammalian Brain Human LE 48-3 Sensor Sensory input Motor output Integration Effector Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) LE 48-4 Quadriceps muscle Cell body of sensory neuron in dorsal root ganglion Sensory neuron Spinal cord (cross section)

AP Biology slides 45-47

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Biology
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Biology
anatomy
Human reproduction
Developmental biology
Endocrine system
Peptide hormones
fertility
Neuroendocrinology
Ovulation
Germ cell
Luteinizing hormone
Menstrual cycle
health
#AP Biology #AP Bio #Biology

Endocrine System Chapter 45 Overview: The Body?s Long-Distance Regulators Animal hormones are chemical signals that are secreted into the circulatory system and communicate regulatory messages within the body Hormones reach all parts of the body, but only target cells are equipped to respond Send chemicals around the body Specific to target cells 2 LE 45-2a Target effectors Response Simple endocrine pathway Glycogen breakdown, glucose release into blood Liver Blood vessel Pancreas secretes glucagon ( ) Endocrine cell Low blood glucose Receptor protein Stimulus Pathway Example Released compounds will elicit a response Ex: pancreas releasing glucagon with low blood sugar 3 LE 45-2b Target effectors Response Simple neurohormone pathway Stimulus Pathway Example Suckling Milk release

dkfdngkd

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Psychology
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Biology
Plant Anatomy
Botany
Plant physiology
Tissues
Vascular cambium
Vascular tissue
Secondary growth
Phloem
Meristem
Root
Bark
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J I TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF WASTE LUBE OIL RE-REFINING IN SAUDI ARABIA Mohammad Farhat Ali, Abdullah J. Hamdan and Faizur Rahman DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Kine Fahd Universitv of Petroleum & Minerals " Dhahran: Saudi Arabia Keywords: Waste Lube Oil. Re-refining, Economics INTRODUCTION Abut 80 million gallons of automotive lubricating oils are sold in Saudi Arabia. Much of this oil, after use, is actually contributing to the increased pollution of land because of indiscriminate dumping. Any scheme of secondary use of the waste lube oils would be of interest both for conservation of energy resources and for protection of environment. This paper discusses the secondary use for the used automotive lubricating oils. Process technology

biology genetic problem practice

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Population genetics
Philosophy of biology
Classical genetics
Evolutionary biology
Selection
Heterozygote advantage
Genetic drift
Allele frequency
Recessive
genotype

1. The half-life of Carbon-14 decaying to Nitrogen-14 is 5,730 years. A mammoth bone fossil found in Siberia appears to be 22,920 years old. If these fossils now contain 6 grams of C-14, how much C-14 did they contain when this mammoth died? 22,920 6 17,190 12 11,460 24 5,730 48 1 96 22,920 / 5,730 = 4 half lives OR end = starting amount / 2 ^ half-lives 6 = start / 2 ^ 4 6 = start / 16 96 = starting amount 2. A disease is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. Assume Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this gene. If one in 2,000 monkeys have albinism, what is the ratio of heterozygous carriers to those with the disease? P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Government

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US Gov and Politics
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Biology
Molecular genetics
Cytogenetics
Cellular processes
Genetics
cell cycle
Meiosis
Homologous chromosome
Ploidy
Synapsis
Chromosome
Chromosomal crossover
health

Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Outline Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. Offspring resemble their parents more than they do less closely related individuals of the same species. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called heredity or inheritance. However, offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. Farmers have bred plants and animals for desired traits for thousands of years, but the mechanisms of heredity and variation eluded biologists until the development of genetics in the 20th century. Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation.

Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 14 Test bank

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Classical genetics
Philosophy of biology
Zygosity
Dominance
Punnett square
Recessive
genotype
Sex linkage
Monohybrid cross
Genetic linkage
Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 14 Test bank

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea The questions in Chapter 14 are mostly at the Application/Analysis skill level. The material in the chapter invites students to apply Mendel?s laws, and by doing so encourages problem solving. Because of the human-related Concept 14.4, a fair number of Synthesis/Evaluation questions are included as well. Very little of the chapter lends itself to Knowledge/Comprehension questions only. In addition, to help students make maximum use of information presented about one or more specific traits, a greater number of questions than usual is grouped together to explore brief scenarios or figures. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

Nervous system

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Biology
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anatomy
Biology
neuroscience
nervous system
Neurophysiology
Neuroanatomy
Neurons
Neurobiology
Axon
Action potential
Neuroglia
Schwann cell
health

An Overview Of Nervous System Nervous systems perform the three overlapping functions of sensory input integration motor output CNS Brain Spinal cord PNS Sensory (input) Signals from external environment Signals from skin, tendons, and muscles Signals from internal organs Motor (output) Somatic division (control of skeletal muscle) Autonomic division (autonomic control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands) Parasympathetic Sympathetic Endocrine (Hormone) *Video by bozemanbiology via YouTube Peripheral nervous system (PNS). Sensory receptors a responsive to external and internal stimuli. Such sensory input is conveyed to integration centers. Where in the input is interpreted an associated with a response.

cell commun

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Signal transduction
Cell Signaling
Cell Biology
Membrane biology
Hormone
Second messenger system
G protein
Receptor
Protein kinase
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cell surface receptor
health

Signal Transduction Mechanisms Chemical Messengers and Receptors Cell Signals What kinds of environmental factors do cells respond to? 2 Chemical Signals What is the difference between hormones and parcrine factors? 3 Signal Transduction What elements are involved in cell signaling? 4 Signal Transduction What is the difference between a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic messenger? What kinds of substances fall into each of these categories? 5 Signal Transduction What is true about the attachment between ligand and receptor? What is meant by receptor affinity? What is Kd? 6 Signal Transduction What is meant by receptor down regulation? Why is a knowledge of receptor function so important? 7 G Protein-Linked Receptors What is a G protein?

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