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Biology

33

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Biology
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Animals
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Platyhelminthes
Triploblasty
Gastrovascular cavity
Flatworm
Eumetazoa
Cnidaria
Invertebrate
Sponge
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Zoology
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taxonomy
Protostome
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animals
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Arthropods
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Body cavity

An Introduction to Invertebrates Chapter 33 Porifera (Sponges) Parazoa (no true tissue) Sedentary (Sessile) Suspension Feeders Choanocytes (Collar Cells) Cnidarians (Hydras, Corals, Jellies) Eumetazoans (True Tissue) Diploblastic Radial Body Plan Gastrovascular cavity Single opening serves as anus and mouth Lophotrochozoans Eumetazoans Bilateral Symmetry Triploblastic Lophotrochozoans Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Triploblastic acoelomates Ex. Planarians Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Trematodes (parasitic flukes) Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Tapeworms (parasitic flatworm) Scolex proglottids Lophotrochozoans Rotifers Alimentary canal Pseudocoelomates parthenogenesis Lophotrochozoans Lophophorates Have crown of ciliated tentacles around mouth Coelomates

ch 34

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Vertebrate
Vertebral column
Environment
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fish
Zoology
Biology
Ichthyology
Chordates
Teleostomi
Paleontology
Phyla
Craniata
Vertebrate
Tetrapod
Hagfish

Chapter 34 Vertebrates Lecture Outline Overview: Half a Billion Years of Backbones Vertebrates are named for vertebrae, the series of bones that make up the vertebral column or backbone. There are about 52,000 species of vertebrates, far fewer than the 1 million insect species on Earth. Plant-eating dinosaurs, at 40,000 kg, were the heaviest animals to walk on land. The biggest animal that ever existed is the blue whale, at 100,000 kg. Humans and our closest relatives are vertebrates. This group includes other mammals, birds, lizards, snakes, turtles, amphibians, and the various classes of fishes. Concept 34.1 Chordates have a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord The vertebrates belong to one of the two major phyla in the Deuterostomia, the chordates.

The Black Death

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World History
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Late Middle Ages
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Plague
Bacteria
Flea
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Great Famine of 1315–1317
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Environment
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health
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microbiology
Black death
Flea
bacteria
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the black death
bubionic plague

The Black Death 1347- 1351 The Famine of 1315-1317 By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land the could cultivate A population crisis developed Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople! The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate The Disease Cycle Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria Bacteria multiply in flea?s guy Flea?s guy clogged with bacteria Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound Human is infected! Boccaccio in The Decameron

Photosynthesis Notes

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Biology
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Matter
Photosynthesis
Plant physiology
Pigments
Photosynthetic pigments
Biological pigment
Oxygen
Absorption
Light-harvesting complex
Chlorophyll a
Technology
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biochemistry
Thylakoid
Light-dependent reactions
Photophosphorylation
Photorespiration
Photosystem
RuBisCO
Light-independent reactions
Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis Wednesday, March 06, 2013 11:00 PM ? Photosynthesis Photosynthesis - the process of converting energy in sunlight to energy in chemical bonds, especially glucose 6CO2 + 6H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Begins with light-absorbing pigments in plant cells A pigment molecule is able to absorb energy from light only within a narrow range of wavelengths In order to absorb as much of the entire bandwidth from sunlight as possible, different pigments, capable of absorbing different wavelengths, act together to optimize energy absorption These pigments include the green chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the carotenoids, which are red, orange, or yellow

Cellular Respiration Notes

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Biology
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Metabolism
Metabolic pathways
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Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Glucose
Respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
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cellular respiration
biochemistry
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Substrate-level phosphorylation
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain
Crista
mitochondrion
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Cellular Respiration Wednesday, March 06, 2013 5:23 PM ? Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration - an ATP-generating process that occurs within cells; energy is extracted from energy-rich glucose to form ATP from ADP and phosphate C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Glucose + air = carbon dioxide + water + energy Aerobic respiration - cellular respiration in the presence of O2; divided into three components: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation ? Glycolysis Glycolysis - the decomposition (lysis) of glucose (glyco) to pyruvate (or pyruvic acid); nine intermediate products are formed and, of course, each one is catalyzed by an enzyme; in six of the steps, magnesium ions are cofactors that promote enzyme activity; summary of the steps:

Campbell Biology 9th Ch. 26 Powerpoint

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Biology
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Scientific classification
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Evolutionary biology
Phylogenetics
Systematics
Biology
Lizard
Evolution
Tree of life
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Phylogenetics
Science
Biology
taxonomy
Cladistics
Systematics
Paraphyly
Homology
Monophyly
Molecular phylogenetics
Linnaean taxonomy
Clade
education
Campbell Biology

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter 26 Overview: Investigating the Tree of Life Legless lizards have evolved independently in several different groups ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 26.1 Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species The discipline of systematics classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships Systematists use fossil, molecular, and genetic data to infer evolutionary relationships ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept 26.1: Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships Taxonomy is the ordered division and naming of organisms ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Binomial Nomenclature In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances

Campbell Biology Chapter 1 outline

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Biology
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On the Origin of Species
Evolution
Adaptation
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anatomy
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glands
Head and neck
Peptide hormones
Neuroendocrinology
Thyroid
evolution
Natural selection
Hormone
Hypothalamus
health
#AP Bio #CampbellBiology #Chapter 1 #Outline

CHAPTER 1 *** January 9th, 2013 2 BIOLOGY IS? Life is made of: The properties of Life: Order Evolutionary adaptation Response to the environment Reproduction Growth & Development Energy processing Regulation EVOLUTION: THE PROCESS OF CHANGE THAT HAS TRANSFORMED LIFE ON EARTH Fossils Prove Evolution Darwin?s Origin of Species (1859) ?Decent with Modification? Descent with modification refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring. This passing on of traits is known as heredity, and the basic unit of heredity is the gene. History of Human Evolution Natural Selection

AP Environmental Science Miller 17th Edition Ch.3 Cycles

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Environmental Science
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Ecology
Biogeochemical cycle
Biogeography
Geochemistry
Chemical oceanography
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Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide
Nutrient cycle
Water cycle
Environment
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Chemistry
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Ecology
Biogeochemical cycle
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Photosynthesis
Carbon Cycle
Carbon dioxide
Nutrient cycle
Water cycle
Environment
Miller
APES ch.3
cycles

APES CH.3 CYCLES Biogeochemical/nutrient cycles- the elements and compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms within ecosystems as well as in the biosphere. Driven directly/indirectly by solar energy and gravity are the hydrologic, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles.

AP Environmental Science Miller 17th Edition Ch.5

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APES
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Biology
Symbiosis
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Fisheries
Biological pest control
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Kelp forest
Amphiprioninae
Bat
Extinction
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Miller
environmental science
APES ch 5

APES CH.5 NOTES 5 basic types in interactions between species as they share limited resources such as food shelter and space:

Unit 1 Biology Review

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Biology
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Cell biology
Cytoskeleton
Cell
Eukaryote
Organelle
Intermediate filament
Biological membrane
Microtubule
Health
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Biology
Cell Theory Outline etc

An Overview of Eucaryotic Cell Structure Eucaryotic cells have membrane-delimited nuclei In addition to the nucleus, eucaryotic cells have other membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cells; this allows simultaneous independent control The large membrane surface area of eucaryotic cells allows greater respiratory and photosynthetic activity The Cytoplasmic Matrix, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, and Microtubules The cytoplasmic matrix, although superficially featureless, provides the complex environment required for many cellular activities Microfilaments (4 to 7 nm) may be scattered throughout the matrix or organized into networks and parallel arrays; they play a major role in cell motion and cell shape changes

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