religion

Chapter 10 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe I. Introduction A. Middle Ages ? Medieval 1. Gradual recovery from Rome?s collapse 2. Growing interaction with other societies B. Spread of religious beliefs 1. Most polytheistic converted from Christianity 2. Some continued to believe in magic/supernatural spirits C. Knowledge from trade/invaders 1. Tools for new crops 2. European paper factory 3. Arabs ? math, science, philosophy D. Took more from other nations than contributed ? one-sided trade E. Two Images 1. Prejudice toward Europe ? big, smelly, hairy lugs a. Newer to civilization b. Economy less advanced c. Manners less polished 2. Flashes of brilliance a. Thomas Aquinas ? sum up knowledge of man, God, nature

Chapter 8 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam I. Introduction A. Mansa Musa ? crossed Sahara on hajj 1. wealth symbolized potential of Africa B. Sub-sahara never totally isolated 1. But?for periods contact was difficult and intermittent C. Changes came from 1. Arrival of Muhammad followers a. Commercial and military attributes b. changed by Islam, but retained individuality c. African culture not united d. provided major external contact between sub-Saharan Africa and world D. State building 1. Mali, Songhay ? created more from military power than ethnic/cultural unity 2. Merchant city states on west/East coast 3. Portugese in 15th century brought Africans into world economy more 4. Bantu migration continued

Chapter 6 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam I. Introduction A. Before 7th century ? contacts, but not total control of ancient world under one empire 1. Arabia ? nomadic land on periphery of major civilizations B. 7th century ? followers of Islam ?submission? ? Muslims ? Allah ? one God 1. Began conquest and conversion 2. Within decades, Muhammad had empire of Persia, Greece and Egypt C. Later empire spread 1. Merchants, mystics, warriors 2. Empire expanded a. Africa, Asia, southern Europe b. Across steppes to central Asia, western China, south Asia c. Across ocean trade routes to southeast Asia and eastern Africa d. Across overland trade routes, Sahara to western Africa

AP World History - Stearns Chapter 3 ? Classical Civilization: India I. Introduction ? difference vs. China a. China focus on politics/related philosophies vs. India focus on religion/social structure b. Less cohesive political structure c. Both were agricultural societies, localist flavor, male ownership, patriarchal, trade II. The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period Closer to other civilizations Influenced by Middle East/Mediterranean Persian Empires spilled over/Alexander also . Forced to react and adapt Topography Passes through Himalayas linked India Somewhat set apart Political unity difficult ? greater diversity than middle kingdom River civilizations ? Indus and Ganges Mountainous north ? herding society

What is Judaism? Which individuals can be considered a Jew? Is Judaism simply a religion or is it something more than that? When we think of a Jew, we often imagine an individual wearing kippahs, a Jewish head covering, with the "signature" curly strand of black hair, also known as a payot. But, Jews are much more than what their physical features portray to them to be. Their intricate culture or religion is what truly defines them. Dictionary definitions of a ?Jew? include ?a member of the tribe of Judah,? ?an Israelite,? ?a member of a nation existing in the land of Israel from the 6th century B.C. to the 1st century A.D.,? ?a person belonging to a continuation through descent or conversion of the ancient Jewish people,? and ?one whose religion is Judaism.?