religion

Chapter 9 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe I. Introduction A. Two major civilizations 1. Byzantine ? Orthodox Christianity a. Maintained high level of political, economic, cultural life b. Leaders saw selves as Roman Emperors c. Empire lasted for 1000 years until Turkish invaders d. Constantinople ? most opulent, important city in Europe e. Spread civilization to previously uncivilized areas i. Russia, Balkans ii. Russia inherits empire from Byzantine 2. West ? Catholicism B. Similarities 1. Both influenced by Islam 2. Both civilizations spread northward 3. Polytheism gave way to monotheism a. Some syncretism ? old religious beliefs maintained 4. Northern areas struggled for political definition

Chapter 7 Part II Chapter 7 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia I. Introduction A. Mid 9th century losing control 1. Rebellious governors 2. new challenging dynasties B. ?but still creative ? ironically ? a golden age without political stability 1. architecture 2. fine arts 3. literature 4. philosophy 5. mathematics and science C. Territorial growth ? warriors, traders, wandering mystics 1. political conquest 2. peaceful conversion D. Conduit for exchange ? between urban/agrarian centers and between nomadic peoples 1. ideas 2. plants and medicines 3. commercial goods 4. inventions II. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras

Chapter 5 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. I. Expansion and Integration A. Key point ? how did classical civilizations adjust to expansion 1. Between 550>400 BCE Confucius, Laozi, Buddha, Socrates a. Need to articulate central values B. How did they all unite? 1. China ? more centralized 2. Mediterranean ? more localized/diverse 3. India ? key religious values ? not as vulnerable to collapse ? like Rome C. What are the two challenges of integration? 1. Territorial ? how to command a. China ? language for elite, resettlement b. Rome ? local autonomy, tolerance c. India ? spread caste system 2. Social ? inequality between men/women ? upper/lower class

AP World History - Stearns Chapter 2 ? Classical Civilization: China I. Introduction ? longest-lived civilization in history A. Isolated 1. Couldn?t learn from other cultures 2. Rare invasions 3. Distinctive identity 4. Relatively little internal chaos w/ decline of Shang dynasty a. Greatest links to classical society B. Intellectual theory 1. Harmony of nature ? yin and yang ? balance 2. Seek Dao ? the way a. Avoid excess b. Appreciate balance of opposites c. Humans part of world, not on outside ? like Mediterranean Thesis: China emerged with an unusually well-integrated system in which government, philosophy, economic incentives, the family, and the individual were intended to blend into a harmonious whole. II. Patterns in Classical China