Biology

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE OUTLINE I. Life?s Hierarchical Order A. The living world is a hierarchy, with each level of biological structure building on the level below it B. Each level of biological structure has emergent properties C. Cells are an organism?s basic units of structure and function D. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA E. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization F. Organisms are open systems that interact continuously with their environments G. Regulatory mechanisms ensure a dynamic balance in living systems II. Evolution, Unity, and Diversity A. Diversity and unity are the dual faces of life on Earth B. Evolution is the core theme of biology

Form & Function in Flowering Plants ? Reproduction: Responses Plant Reproduction: Vegetative reproduction: The process of fragmentation, whereby small pieces of the organism form a complete new organism is common in both lower plants and lower animals. As both plants and animals became more specialized they generally lost the capacity to reproduce by fragmentation. In some plants specialized structures are produced, such as buds, propagules, bulbils, gemmae and others. In flowering plants vegetative multiplication can take place via cuttings from the aerial stem, rhizome, tuber, corm, bulb, stolon, runner, leaves, or in some cases even roots. Small pieces of the structure can, through mitosis and cell

Form & Function in Flowering Plants ? Structure; Transport Categories: Life Spans: Annuals ? go through complete life cycle in one year or less Biennials ? go through life cycle over a two year period Perennials ? live for many years and typically reproduce yearly Classes: Monocots Dicots http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html Plant Form and Function: Cells and Tissues: Primary growth: Apical Meristem ? transverse in position thus contributes primarily to an increase in length of the organ ? Fundamental tissues Procambium Ground meristem Protoderm Calyptrogen (only in roots) ? Primary Permanent Tissues